Middle Seat Research Articles

Analysis of Blocking Middle Seat Policy of Delta Airline

The main content of the research is about the seat blocking policy of Delta airline and its influences. The idea of the research comes up as airline industry is one of the most influenced industry by covid-19 pandemic and Delta’s action in this severe situation is worth to analyze. SWOT analysis will be conducted in this research, force field analysis, final account analysis and ratio analysis to study the decision of empty the middle seat. From the research, the author wants to have the conclusion about how the policy is going to affect the delta airline, and whether the policy should be kept or not. The conclusion is that Delta airline should keep on the blocking seat policy because almost the passengers has good impressions on the company.

Whether, when and which: Modelling advanced seat reservations by airline passengers

Motivated by the growing importance of ancillary revenues in the airline industry, we propose a statistical model for Advanced Seat Reservation (ASR). We focus on the questions of whether, when and which seats are selected by passengers. To answer these questions, we employ a discrete time duration model, combined with a multinomial choice model with varying consideration set. Unknown smooth covariate effects are used, along with seat-specific random effect terms for seat selection. The model is applied to a rich dataset of 485,279 bookings on five intercontinental routes, extracted from the complete booking database of a major European airline. We find strong evidence of ‘middle seat avoiding’ and ‘front seat preferring’ effects, along with substantial additional seat-specific heterogeneity. We also show that the probability of making an ASR depends on its price in relation to the ticket price, the distribution channel, the number of days to departure and seasonal effects. These and other insights allow for product differentiation and variable pricing in ASR for each and every seat. In addition, simple variations of the statistical model can also be used for other ancillary products—such as on-board dining and preferential baggage checking—that are purchased in the same way as ASR.

Whether, When and Which: Modelling Advanced Seat Reservations by Airline Passengers

Motivated by the growing importance of ancillary revenues in the airline industry, we propose a statistical model for Advanced Seat Reservation (ASR). We focus on the questions of whether, when and which seats are selected by passengers. To answer these questions, we employ a discrete time duration model, combined with a multinomial choice model with varying consideration set. Unknown smooth covariate effects are used, along with seat-specific random effect terms for seat selection. The model is applied to a rich dataset of 485,279 bookings on five intercontinental routes, extracted from the complete booking database of a major European airline. We find strong evidence of ‘middle seat avoiding’ and ‘front seat preferring’ effects, along with substantial additional seat-specific heterogeneity. We also show that the probability of making an ASR depends on its price in relation to the ticket price, the distribution channel, the number of days to departure and seasonal effects. These and other insights allow for product differentiation and variable pricing in ASR for each and every seat. In addition, simple variations of the statistical model can also be used for other ancillary products—such as on-board dining and preferential baggage checking—that are purchased in the same way as ASR.

External Electromagnet FPCB Micromirror for Large Angle Laser Scanning.

An external electromagnet plus moving PM (permanent magnet) FPCB (flexible printed circuit board) micromirror is proposed in this paper that can overcome two limitations associated with the previous FPCB micromirror with a configuration of an external PM plus moving coil, i.e., (1) it reduces the overall width beyond the mirror plate, and (2) increases the maximum rotation angle. The micromirror has two external electromagnets underneath an FPCB structure (two torsion beams and a middle seat) with two moving PM discs attached to the back and a metal-coated mirror plate bonded to the front of the FPCB middle seat. Modeling and simulation were introduced, and the prototype was fabricated and tested to verify the design. The achieved performance was better than that of the previous design: a maximum resonant rotation angle of 62° (optical) at a driving voltage of ±3 V with a frequency of 191 Hz, the required extra width beyond the mirror plate was 6 mm, and an aperture of 8 mm × 5.5 mm with a roughness of <10 nm and a flatness of >10 m (ROC, radius of curvature). The previous FPCB micromirror’s performance was: strain limited maximum rotation angle was 40° (optical), the extra width beyond the mirror plate was 14.7 mm, and had an aperture of 4 mm × 4 mm with a similar roughness and flatness.

Flexible printed circuit board magnetic micromirror for laser marking/engraving

This paper presents a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) quasi-static magnetic micromirror, on which a portable laser marking/engraving machine is built. The micromirror consists of a flexible PCB structure (including two polyimide torsion beams, a middle seat with coils, and two support pads), two permanent magnets, and a mirror plate. The fabrication uses a flexible PCB process, in addition to dicing a silicon wafer for making the mirror plate. The mirror plate is bonded to the flexible PCB middle seat, which has high strain strength (maximum strain at yield ~3%) and high bonding yield with easy operation. The flexible PCB micromirror achieves a large quasi-static rotation, e.g. 13° (optical), a low driving voltage (−0.4– + 0.4 v), and a low cost (a few dollars). Its aperture is large (4 × 4 mm) with high flatness (radius of curvature, ROC of ~10 m). A prime method is proposed to address the drift/creep problem associated with the flexible PCB micromirror’s quasi-static rotation. A low cost and portable laser marking/engraving machine is built with the following performance: working area (22 × 17 mm2), size (116 × 43 × 55 mm3), laser power (0.23 W), speed 2 mm s−1.

Effects of Teachers’ Lecturing Style, Students’ Seating Position and Students’ Seating Preference on Recall

In response to the decline of students’ academic performance in non-western climes, this study investigated the effects of teachers’ lecturing style (interactive and non-interactive lecturing style), students’ seating position (front seat, middle seat and back seat) and students’ seating preference (front seat, middle seat and back seat) on recall, using Secondary School students of a College in Ibadan. The study adopted a 2 x 3 x 3 Factorial between subjects design. Data was collected from one hundred and eight participants (108) who were selected randomly for the study and randomly assigned to groups. The result shows a significant difference in recall for lecturing style at F (1, 90) = 14.127; P &lt; .01, (interactive lecturing style having a mean of 9.65 and the non-interactive lecturing style with a mean of 7.96). This shows that the interactive lecturing style has a more positive effect on recall. Students’ seating position and seating preference shows no significant difference in recall at F (2, 90) = 1.981; P &gt;.05 and F (2, 90) = 0.000; P &gt; .05 respectively. It was also found that there was no significant interaction effect of the three variables on recall at F (4, 90) = 1.138; P &gt; .05. This study therefore recommends that teachers and instructors should employ an interactive lecturing style to help students have better recall and therefore perform better academically. Also further research should be carried out with a more representative sample in non-western climes.

Roadside observational surveys of restraint use by young children in Qatar: Initial results and recommendations

In a report by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region(1), the non-use of child restraints for children was identified as a key risk factor that can be addressed by the adoption and enforcement of legislation that will increase their use. Currently, there are no child restraint laws in Qatar. The objective of the study is to report baseline data on child restraint use and to provide evidence to inform the passage of child passenger restraint laws in Qatar. This roadside observational survey was conducted as part of the Young Kids in Safe Seats Project funded by the Qatar Foundation. Trained observers conducted roadside observations of passenger restraint use in vehicles with children, less than 5 years, at 12 sampling sites. Standard data was collected per observation: seating position, restraint used and appropriateness of restraint used. Of 2232 observations of young child passengers: 41% were properly restrained, 21% improperly restrained and 38% unrestrained, 10.9% were on an adult’s lap. The most common seating location was right second row followed by left second row. These 2 locations also had the highest rates of proper restraint use. The positions with the lowest restraint use were the front and second row middle seat. One in 9 children observed was illegally seated in the front row, most on the lap of an adult [38.3%] or unrestrained [34.4%]. This is the first observational study in Qatar that measures child restraint rates in children younger than 5. Less than half of these children are traveling safely. Priority areas for intervention include: enforcement of existent laws banning children in the front seat, education about the risks for children in an adult’s lap and encouraging the proper use of age/size appropriate restraint systems. These findings can inform the development of national child passenger restraint laws. Reference: 1. Road safety in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Facts from the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013.

When You Meet the Buddha in the Road

When You Meet the Buddha in the Road Mi Ditmar (bio) Meredith is making Mom and Dad fight. Jenny and I watch from the couch. Dad is Mom and Mom is Dad. Meredith tells them to say what they hear when the other person says something when they're really fighting, so they can hear what they sound like to each other. I don't want to be a father or a husband anymore, Mom-Dad says. You're a narcissist and a rage-aholic and we don't need you in this family, Dad-Mom says. Good, Meredith says. Good. Keep going. Fine. I don't care if this is just my midlife crisis, Mom-Dad says. I don't want to be a part of this family. Fine, Dad-Mom says. The only thing of any value you contribute to this family is a paycheck. I don't love you anymore. You're fat. You're pathetic. I can't even look at you. Get out. Jenny pulls at a thread in the knee-hole in her jeans. What I like is that I get to get out of school early. The third Friday every month Mom and Dad pick me up right at first recess and we go to the high school to pick up Jenny and we drive down here. It's a long drive. Jenny sits in the way back and listens to her Walkman. I sit in the middle seat and listen to the tapes Mom and Dad play in front. Mom likes Graceland and Dad likes the soundtrack from Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris. They both like A Prairie Home Companion and Les Misérables. Not the musical, the book-on-tape. I say I like them too because they both like it, and I like it when everybody is just happy and quiet. What I like is that we get to stay at a Hampton Inn and have the continental breakfast, which is really just donuts and coffee and juice but I like the way continental breakfast sounds. It impressed Heidi Schwinn when I said it to her, that we stay at a hotel and have a continental [End Page 57] breakfast. What I like is that when it's my turn to pick, we get to have lunch at Red Lobster even though if I don't order off the kiddie menu, the difference comes out of my allowance. It's like a vacation, except for the two hours Friday night and the four hours Saturday morning we're here in Meredith's living room, which we're supposed to call her office when we're having our sessions in it. I bite off hangnails and chew them. I think up questions. Like would I know my hangnails tasted like me if I hadn't bitten them off my own fingers? If I had just a pile of hangnails and didn't know where they came from? I like Neil okay. Neil is Meredith's husband. They don't have the same last name. They both took each other's name, but they put them in the order they had them first, so she's Spencer-Foster and he's Foster-Spencer. They don't have any kids. Meredith says they made a conscious choice that didn't have anything at all to do with the vasectomy Neil had when he was married before. Meredith says that children aren't the be-all end-all and that it takes a lot of courage to find fulfillment in yourself. If they did have a kid, I wonder which last name the kid would have first. When Mom and Dad told us we were going to start coming here to see Meredith, I asked why. They knew Meredith from graduate school. They met each other in graduate school and they met Meredith there too and they all took the same classes and studied the same thing. So why did we need Meredith to fix us? What did Meredith know that they didn't know, squared? Dad said, physician, heal thyself, and Mom said, when you meet the Buddha...

Tension City: Inside the Presidential Debates, From Kennedy-Nixon to Obama-McCain: My View From the Middle Seat - By Jim Lehrer

Tension City: Inside the Presidential Debates, From Kennedy-Nixon to Obama-McCain: My View From the Middle Seat - By Jim Lehrer

MOSQUE WITHOUT DOME: CONSERVING TRADITIONAL-DESIGNED MOSQUE IN MELAKA, MALAYSIA

&lt;p&gt;Jasin is one of the area in the state of Malacca in Malaysia, known for its long winding history. Located in the middle seat of government of the Empire of the famous Melaka Sultanate, Jasin district does have a number of quality historic buildings. One of the old buildings found in one the villages located quite close to the town of Jasin is the unique domeless Air Barok Village Mosque. Its location is situated along the main road, easy to reach. In a study stated in this paper, it shows how the unique architecture of this mosque of Air Baroque Village can be appreciated. This paper presents a study of the design elements and architectural features that are unique to the mosque around this region. This paper stated on the approach in creating this structure is different compared to most of the existing mosque currently and previously being built around the state. The concept of neo-archipelago idea to have the Chinese Buddha features in a Muslim mosque was unique found on this religious building located at the side of the world. Expectations for this study to reveal the noble efforts of the Government bodies involved in restoring old buildings such as this mosque can indirectly maintain the cultural arts of the local Malays who are the largest race in Malaysia. Efforts should also be given to maintain old buildings; not only religious buildings but also other building types; in the effort to ensure local arts and culture still exist and can be appreciated by future generations.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;K&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;w&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;r&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;d&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;: Traditional mosque, conservation, mosque history, Melaka mosque&lt;/p&gt;

Epidemiology of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Utah

Objectives: This study describes the frequency and pattern of vehicle crashes and safety belt use in Utah; the proportion of vehicle crashes involving safety belt use, alcohol, and fatigue; and the influence these factors and others have on emergency room visits or hospital admissions and on the severity of the outcome. Methods: Data were obtained from the Utah Department of Transportation, Division of Traffic and Safety, from 1999 through 2005. Motor vehicle crash (MVC) data were linked to statewide hospital admission (inpatient) and emergency department (ED) records. Results: The trend in rates of crashes significantly decreased for both males and females, with rates of crashes involving alcohol decreasing for males but increasing for females and rates of crashes involving fatigue remaining constant for males and females over the study period. Drivers not wearing a safety belt or intoxicated or fatigued were significantly more likely to have contributed to the crash, visit the emergency room, be admitted to the hospital, and experience severe injury or death. Drivers in crashes who were intoxicated or fatigued were significantly less likely to be wearing a safety belt. When a safety belt was worn at the time of the crash, sitting in the front seat was safer than in the second or third seats, and sitting on the left side of the vehicle was safer than on the right side or in the middle. However, when a safety belt was not worn at the time of the crash, sitting in the front seat was more likely associated with injury or death than in the second or third seats or sitting in the middle seat. Conclusion: Drivers in crashes who were intoxicated or fatigued were less likely to be wearing a safety belt and more likely to have contributed to the crash and experience serious injury or death. Severity of injury related to seat placement is moderated by safety belt use.

The safest seat: Effect of seating position on occupant mortality

Introduction This study investigated the survival rates of occupants of passenger cars involved in a fatal crash between 2000 and 2003. Methods The information from every fatal crash in the United States between 2000 and 2003 was analyzed. Variables such as seat position, point of impact, rollover, restraint use, vehicle type, vehicle weight, occupant age, and injury severity were extracted from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Univariate and a full logistic multivariate model analyses were performed. Results The data show that the rear middle seat is safer than any other occupant position when involved in a fatal crash. Overall, the rear (2 nd row) seating positions have a 29.1% (Univariate Analysis, p < .0001, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22 - 1.37) increased odds of survival over the first row seating positions and the rear middle seat has a 25% (Univariate Analysis, p < .0001, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.17 - 1.34) increased odds of survival over the other rear seat positions. After correcting for potential confounders, occupants of the rear middle seat have a 13% (Logistic Regression, p < .001, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.26) increased chance of survival when involved in a crash with a fatality than occupants in other rear seats. Conclusion This study has shown that the safest position for any occupant involved in a motor-vehicle crash is the rear middle seat. Impact on Industry The results of this research may impact how automobile manufacturers look at future rear middle seat designs. If the rear seat was to be designed exactly like its outboard counterparts (headrest, armrests, lap and shoulder belt, etc.) people may choose to sit on it more often rather than waiting to use it out of necessity due to multiple rear seat occupants.

The Dreaded Middle Seat

The Dreaded Middle Seat

Influence of positions on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in vehicular crashes [corrected

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of positions on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in vehicular crashes. Two hundred and fifty cases of RTA were seen and studied from October 1999 to May, 2000. They comprised 72.8% males and 27.2% females with a male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The age range was 1 to 80 years with a mean age of 40 years. The most common vehicle involved in RTA was the mini bus, 34.3% followed by motorcycle, 26.5%. Middle seat passengers, drivers and motorcycle passengers and riders sustained more and severe injuries during crashes. The mandible was more frequently fractured at the symphysis (24.6%) than at any other site while the maxilla was frequently fractured at the zygomatic bone and arch (10.8%). More injuries occurred in the age range of 20-30 years and these accounted for 31.8% of the cases. Only 6 occupants of motor vehicles wore seat belts before accident while no motorcycle rider or passenger wore any helmet. In conclusion, drivers, middle seat occupants of a vehicle, motorcycle passenger and riders sustained more and severe injuries than back seat occupants.

Dimensional Factors Influencing on Seat Spaciousness Feeling

Experiments in seat width, pitch and armrest width by researchers at Japan's Railway Technical Research Institute attempted to determine the most efficient way of balancing passenger comfort with the need to allocate space for passenger seating efficiently. Passengers in the experiment experienced greater sense of comfort if seats were wider from the front of the seat cushion to the back of the seat. In three- seat configurations, making the middle seat wider contributed to passenger comfort so that riders were more likely to use the middle seat. It was determined that adding armrests or making them wider was not as effective.

Towards investing in health gain Evaluation of interventions is needed

<h3>Abstract</h3> We use recent data and research results to approximate the probability that an air traveler in coach will contract Covid-19 on a US domestic flight two hours long, both when all coach seats are full and when all but middle seats are full. The point estimates we reach based on data from late June 2020 are 1 in 4,300 for full flights and 1 in 7,700 when middle seats are kept empty. These estimates are subject to both quantifiable and nonquantifiable sources of uncertainty, and sustain known margins of error of a factor about 2.5. However, because uncertainties in key parameters affect both risk estimates the same way, they leave the relative risk ratio for “fill all seats” compared to “middle seat open” close to 1.8 (i.e., close to 1/4,300)/(1/7,700). We estimate the mortality risks caused by Covid-19 infections contracted on airplanes, taking into account that infected passengers can in turn infect others. The point estimates—which use 2019 data about the percentage of seats actually occupied on US flights--range from one death per 400,000 passengers to one death per 600,000. These death-risk levels are considerably higher than those associated with plane crashes but comparable to those arising from two hours of everyday activities during the pandemic.

MID‐ILEAL STRICTURE AND SPINAL INJURY SUSTAINED BY A 7 YEAR OLD CHILD RESTRAINED BY A LAP SEAT BELT INVOLVED IN A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT

Lap belts are a feature of the middle seat occupant in the rear seat of most Australian family cars. Without the provision of a child harness, they are inadequate to restrain children under eight years of age. We report a motor vehicle accident involving a seven year old child wearing an adult lap belt which resulted in an ileal stricture and a potentially unstable distraction injury of the lumbar spine.