Middle School Physical Education Research Articles

Flipping the Script: An Initial Exploration of Flipped Learning as an Enhanced Alternative to Traditional Physical Education Lessons.

Physical activity (PA) is related to a variety of positive outcomes for youth and physical education (PE) represents a primary school-based environment where students can engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Limitations exist in secondary schools with low socio-economic status, where MVPA engagement is generally below the recommended 50% of lesson time. Growing evidence suggests that using a flipped learning approach (FLA) may naturally enhance PE lessons as outlined by The Theory of Expanded, Extended, and Enhanced Opportunities for Youth Physical Activity Promotion. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the FLA to traditional instruction on student MVPA, lesson context, and teacher involvement during middle school PE lessons. Participants were 56 male students from two 7th-grade classes from a low-SES, suburban school. This study employed the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). Data were examined through descriptive statistics. Linear regression models were used to predict SOFIT outcomes as a function of FLA versus traditional instruction. Students in the FLA class spent significantly more class time in MVPA (p < 0.01). Regression models predicted participants in FLA classes would spend 55% more class time in MVPA (p < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, models showed students in FLA classes would spend almost 18 more minutes in MVPA than students in traditional classes (p < 0.01). The FLA may be a practical lesson enhancement strategy to increase student MVPA and improve PE opportunities for students in low SES schools when compared to the use of traditional instruction. The results of this study demonstrated positive potential of using FLA in PE but should be considered within the context of their limitations. Further examination of the FLA is warranted.

Investigation of the Effects of 8-Week Selected Pliometric Training Program on Vertical Jump and Agility in Female Volleyball Players

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pliometric training on vertical jump and agility in young female volleyball players. Methods: Normal training was applied to the groups and pliometric study protocol was applied to the training program of the training group for 8 weeks. Pre-test and post-test were applied before and after the program. SPSS 25.0 program was used in the analyzes. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequency (n), average (Mean), standard deviation (SS), minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values. Independent samples t test was used for comparison of two groups and paired sample t test was used for intragroup comparisons. Statistical significance was evaluated at p &lt;0.05. Results: In the analyzes, A total of 50 female athletes, 25 of whom were in experimental and 25 of which were in the control group, participated in the study. The mean age of the training group was 14,56 ± 1,45 years, body weight was 55,79 ± 7,93 kg and height was 165,6 ± 7,26 cm. The mean age of the control group was 14,88 ± 1,86 years, body weight was 54,4 ± 9,82 kg and height was 164,56 ± 6,59 cm. Pliometric training applications have significant contributions to BF percentage, anaerobic capacity, (p&lt;0,05), vertical jump, leg strength, long jump, hegzagonal test, 505 agility test, Illinois agility test, and back strength (p&lt;0,001) level of significance. Conclusions: It was concluded that it will contribute to strength development by decreasing the intensity in sports branches and middle school Physical Education classes which require strength and agility, especially in volleyball and in many branches in training programs and through game training and pliometric exercises. Keywords: Development, Pliometric Training, Training, Volleyball.

Analyzing the Teaching Strategies for Physical Education in Middle Schools Under the Background of the New Curriculum

In recent years, with the reform of the educational system and the introduction of new curriculum standards, the teaching quality of physical education in middle schools has greatly improved. The education industry in China is now in a phase of high-quality development. In order to further enhance the effect of middle school physical education, it is necessary to strengthen the discussion on teaching strategies. Taking this as the starting point, this paper summarizes the importance of middle school physical education under the background of the new curriculum, analyzes the current teaching situation, and on this basis, proposes several strategies to enhance the teaching effect from three aspects: core literacy, student subject, and information technology.

An Exploratory Study of Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions of the Barriers to Employing Technology

The purpose of this study was to explore physical educators’ perspectives on the barriers to employing technology in physical education instruction. The participants of this study were 253 elementary, middle, and high school physical education teachers who taught in the state of Georgia. The participants completed an online survey that was derived from an extensive review of literature regarding barriers to integrating technology during instruction. The survey used a Likert scale asking participants to respond with a level of agreement and disagreement regarding specific barriers and included an open-ended response asking for additional barriers. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance. This study found that class size, budget, and lack of resources were the main barriers perceived by physical educators, whereas lack of knowledge and lack of skill were not perceived as barriers to employing technology during instruction. Both age and years of experience had a significant main effect on the barriers of lack of knowledge, skill, and training. Additional barriers reported were lack of connectivity, lack of desire, and lack of time. The results of this study explore and highlight the significant barriers to employing technology in physical education instruction. Further research is warranted to support the need for meaningful implementation of technology to make the learning environment more dynamic, customizable, and accessible for both teachers and students.

Research on the Present Situation and Optimization Strategy of PE Teaching Under the Background of PE Middle School Entrance Examination

Junior middle school stage is the key period of teenagers’physical and mental development.It is an effective measure to &#x0D; improve the national system to bring physical education into the middle school entrance examination,and at the same time,it has &#x0D; certain influence on junior middle school physical education.This research mainly uses the literature material method,under the &#x0D; sports middle school examination background junior middle school physical education teaching present situation,simultaneously &#x0D; proposes with how to optimize the physical education teaching may refer the strategy.

체육교과 건강영역 일반내용지식 측정도구 개발1)

The purpose of this study was to develop health-related CCK inspection tools of the 2015 revised physical education curriculum, and to verify the validity of the inspection tools developed. For the development of the inspection tools, 12 middle school physical education textbooks were referred to based on the 2015 revised physical education curriculum, and the middle school geography evaluation questions were collected from incumbent physical education teachers. An inspection tool consisting of 35 questions was developed by revising and supplementing in the preliminary investigation by referring to the procedure for making knowledge inspection tools presented by Lee Ki-bong and Park Il-hyeok (2017). In addition, 399 college students, including non-majors (N=263) and prospective physical education teachers (N=136) in the teacher training course were analyzed for validity and reliability using the Rasch model. Of the 35 questions for the CCK inspection developed in the study, 29 questions, excluding 6 questions, met the validity and reliability criteria, and the wright map review found that the CCK inspection tools developed generally satisfied the suitability to measure the content knowledge of the health domain. The 29 questions developed on this basis confirmed that the 2015 revised physical education curriculum is a reasonable tool for examining the health area CCK.

중학교 체육교사의 진성리더십이 교사신뢰 및 수업만족에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study tried to identify the effects of middle school physical education teacher’s authentic leadership on teacher trust and class satisfaction.<BR> Method: To achieve this research purpose, 628 samples were selected for middle school students in Busan Metropolitan City using the convenience sampling method, and 562 of them were finally used for analysis, excluding 66 copies, which were deemed unfaithful. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of a total of 38 questions, including 16 questions on authentic leadership, 15 questions on teacher trust, 4 questions on class satisfaction, and 3 questions on personal characteristics, all using the Likert 5-point scale to maintain consistency in response results. Using the IBM SPSS Statistic 25 program, the reliability and validity of the survey were verified through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α coefficient and correlation analysis.<BR> Results: First, it was found that the authentic leadership of physical education teachers had a positive effect on teacher trust. Second, it was found that physical education teacher’s authentic leadership had a positive effect on class satisfaction in part. Third, it was found that middle school student’s trust on teachers had a positive effect on class satisfaction.<BR> Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the importance of sincere behavior shown by physical education teachers. If the physical education teacher builds a trusting relationship with the students through genuine leadership and has a positive perception of the class, the effectiveness of the physical education class can be increased.

Research on the Design and Implementation of Middle School Physical Education Curriculum Based on the Process Model

For a long time, the education work in China has been deeply affected by the target model. With the development of the times and the continuous reform of education, the impact of process model on education has become increasingly prominent. It does not only give full play to the internal value of the curriculum content, but also cultivate students’ personality and subjectivity. Taking the middle school physical education curriculum design as an example, this paper explores the practical application of process model for reference.

Changing the Score: Alternative Assessment Strategies and Tools for Sport in Middle School Physical Education

The purpose of this article is to examine and expand on how assessment is facilitated by providing three sport specific examples embedded within the curriculums of Tactical Games Model, Sport Education and Play Practice, for how assessment can be thought about, structured, and enacted alongside each sport’s developmentally appropriate guidelines.

The Effect of a Functional Strength Training Intervention on Movement Quality and Physical Fitness in Adolescents.

This study compared a 12week Functional Strength Training (FST) program on functional movement and physical performance to typical physical education (PE) classes for middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. We randomly assigned 266 participants (M age = 14.35, SD = 0.57years; M height = 164.82, SD = 6.13cm; M mass = 55.09, SD = 12.19kg; M BMI = 20.11, SD = 3.54kg/m2) into an FST or control group. The FST group trained in flexibility and stability, functional movement patterns, and health-related functional strength. The control group continued regular physical education (PE) classes. Each group trained three-times/week in 45minute sessions for 12weeks. Outcome measures included the Functional Movement Screen protocol and seven physical performance tests, assessed every fourweeks over a 12week period. We employed a mixed model ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests to examine differences between and within groups. Compared to the control group, the FST group significantly (p < 0.01) improved Functional Movement Screen total scores (25.7%), curl-ups (70.4%), pull-ups (281.6%), and flexibility (83.6%). We suggest including the FST program in the MS and HS PE curriculum.

Analysis on Diversified Teaching Mode of Physical Education

Under the continuous promotion of the new curriculum reform, teachers need to constantly innovate in physical education teaching, and adopt diversified teaching modes to further improve students’ physical quality.This paper mainly discusses the problems existing in middle school physical education teaching, and puts forward specific solutions, hoping to help relevant teachers to further enrich physical education teaching.

Japanese physical education teachers’ workplace learning at middle schools in urban city school districts

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe and explain Japanese middle school physical education teacher workplace experiences at urban city school districts. Participants were seven middle school physical education teachers (five males and two females) teaching physical education and coaching athletic teams in Japanese middle schools. Data sources included semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) teachers’ commitment and dedication to students and schools, (b) the conflicting roles of teaching and coaching, and (c) difficulty of organising physical education professional development. The findings suggest that school districts need to overcome role conflicts in teaching and coaching students in middle school settings; to increase teacher intrinsic motivation for professional competencies; and to support collaboration between physical education teachers and school principals to meet students’ needs in physical education and on athletic teams, while keeping the workload and psychological health of the teachers at the forefront.

중학교 체육교사의 직무 탐색

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the teaching life of physical education teachers and provide practical information for career selection to students who major in physical education or wish to major in physical education.<BR> Method: For the study, five teachers who are currently serving as middle school physical education teachers in Gyeonggi-do were selected as research participants and the study was conducted.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the work types of middle school physical education teachers can be classified into physical education class-related work, sports club work, and life guidance work for developing students’ personalities. Second, middle school physical education teachers considered their occupations positively through the sense of achievement resulting from the improvement of students’ athletic ability, students’ attitudes toward physical education, and job characteristics with plenty of free time. Third, middle school physical education teachers’ job satisfaction was decreasing due to excessive workload other than physical education classes, difficulties in personality education & life guidance, and prejudices of fellow teachers.<BR> Conclusion: In conclusion, college students majoring in physical education need the following preparations to become desirable physical education teachers. First, college students should acquire specialized knowledge of physical education during their studies. Second, college students should have educational qualifications for personality education of students. Third, college students will have to acquire basic knowledge for performing educational administrative tasks during their college life.

High-Intensity Interval Training-Based Fitness Education in Middle School Physical Education: A Limited-Efficacy Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the limited efficacy of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT)-based fitness education unit in middle school physical education (PE). Method: The study took place in six PE classes at one middle school located in the southern United States. The authors conveniently assigned the classes to treatment (n = 3 classes; 113 students) or control (n = 3 classes; 119 students) groups. Two trained PE specialists implemented the HIIT lessons two to three times per week for 8 weeks. The authors collected mixed methods data at the student, class, and teacher levels for the evaluation. Results: The focus group teacher interview with the teachers, field observations, and accelerometer-determined in-class physical activity data revealed sound implementation fidelity. The HIIT-based fitness education condition also showed greater improvement in physical activity and fitness knowledge and attenuated decline in curl-up scores compared with the control. Conclusion: The findings support the limited efficacy of implementing HIIT for fitness education in middle school PE programs.

A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MIDDLE SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS OF KASHMIR DIVISION

The objective of the present study was to access the “comparison of different middle school physical education programs of kashmir division”. The paper endeavors to examine the Adoption of Physical educations program in different schools of Kashmir. The data was collected from various schools of Jammu and Kashmir state. A Standard questionnaire was followed and the collected data was analyzed. During the present study it was concluded that during the females were more interested in physical education than that of males. It is pertinent to mention here that in all the schools the students were more eagerly taking part in physical educational programs.

체육수업에서 지각된 학습환경과 그릿의 관계에서 결과기대와 자기모니터링의 매개효과

The purpose of this study analyzed the structural relationship between outcome Expectancy and self-monitoring grit according to learning environment in middle school physical education class, and tried to verify the mediating effect of outcome Expectancy and self-monitoring. subjects of this study were 500 middle school students in the metropolitan area, and 418 copies were used as final analysis data. data were processed using SPSS WIN Ver. 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 to perform confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis, and boot strap. Analysis result, First, the effort/challenge perceived environment and competency perceived environment of learning environment had a significant effect on outcome Expectancy, and threat perceived environment did not have a significant effect on outcome Expectancy. Second, the effort/challenge perceived environment of learning environment had a positive effect on self-monitoring. the threat perceived environment negatively affected self-monitoring. but the competence perceived environment did not have a significant effect on self-monitoring. Third, the outcome Expectancy did not have a significant effect on the grit. Fourth, self-monitoring had a significant effect on grit. Fifth, In the relationship between learning environment and grit, outcome expectation was not mediated, self-monitoring was mediated.

Predictive Analysis of Health/Physical Fitness in Health-Promoting Lifestyle of Adolescents.

Objective: Explore the correlation and predictive power of health physical fitness on health-promoting lifestyle of adolescents to provide an important reference for reform in middle school physical education classroom teaching.Methods: Taking some junior and senior high school students in Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as survey objects, a stratified random sampling method was used to carry out a health/fitness test and conduct a questionnaire survey. SPSS17.0, amos 21.0, and other statistical analysis software were used to process the relevant data.Results: (1) Male adolescents had 14.4% predictive power for their overall health-promoting lifestyle through the combined effects of cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, and explosive strength, while female adolescents had 16.8% predictive power for their overall health-promoting lifestyle through the combined effects of cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). (2) Ten percent of the variation in the health-promoting lifestyle of men under 14 years old was caused by the combined effects of muscle endurance and muscle strength, while 14.4% of the variation in the health-promoting lifestyle of female adolescents was caused by the combined effects of muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance. (3) Some 10.9 and 17.6% of the variation in health-promoting lifestyle of male and female adolescents aged between 14 and 17 was caused by the combined effects of cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, and flexibility, respectively. (4) Some 20.7% of the variation in health promoting lifestyle of male adolescents aged 17 years or above was caused by cardiopulmonary endurance, explosive force, and muscle endurance, while 16.8% of the variation in health-promoting lifestyle of female adolescents was caused by the combined effect of cardiopulmonary endurance, BMI, and muscle endurance.Conclusion: Health and physical fitness of adolescents can significantly predict their health-promoting lifestyle, and the predictive power and typical correlation between them are affected by demographic factors.

Reflections on the Reform of Middle School Physical Education under the Background of New Academic Evaluation

Reflections on the Reform of Middle School Physical Education under the Background of New Academic Evaluation

Investigating amotivation types in middle-school physical education engagement and verifying its influence

목적 본 연구에서는 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 체육수업 무동기 군집 유형을 탐색하고 이를 토대로 체육수업관여에 각 군집 유형이 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 인천 소재의 중학교 학생을 대상으로 설문에 응답한 학생은 전체 1,731명 중 무동기 문항 평균점수인 2.1을 초과한 613명의 학생을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 결과 이 연구는 중학생의 체육수업 무동기 유형을 파악하기 위해 하위요인(과제특성, 능력부재, 문제관계, 가치부재, 노력부재)의 표준화 값을 바탕으로 계층적 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 문제관계 유형(37.0%), 무기력 유형(49.1%), 가치부재 유형(13.9%) 3개의 군집이 형성되었다. 3집단 간의 차이를 확인한 결과 성별과 체육수업관여에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 이러한 결과로 중학생의 체육수업 무동기의 하위 유형별로 특성에 따라 다양하고 이질적 유형이 있음을 확인하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

Promoting sportsmanship awareness: An application of teaching a personal and social responsibility model in middle school physical education

This research study, aims to examine the influence that an intervention program based on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and the multidimensional approach to sportsmanship has on middle school students. Researchers focused on the detection and examination of improvements on students’ sportsmanship awareness and contributions to their moral and character development. Participants were 90 middle school students aged between 11 and 13 years old, who received five structured lessons and a review session following the TPSR model. The sample was evenly split by gender (44 males, 44 females, 2 not declared). The Sportsmanship Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) was administered before and after the intervention. The teacher in charge of implementing the program was purposefully selected and trained. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the students’ sportsmanship awareness scores for the entire sample and for each grade level. Results also indicate female participants scored notably higher than males on both questionnaires. The approach used for this study provides novel instrumentation to objectively assess sportsmanship constructs with consistent validity and reliability. The findings obtained from this study confirm the efficacy of intervention programs such as TPSR to achieve student moral and character development at the middle school level. The implications of this study and future directions for research in TPSR are discussed. Key words: Sportsmanship, physical education, teaching personal and social responsibility model (TPSR), school-based intervention programs.