Middle Euphrates Research Articles

Evaluation and Improvement of Oncologists' Adherence to NCCN Guideline for Prevent and Treatment of Cancer Associated Venous Thromboembolism

Objective: the aim of this study is asses the adherence of physician to NCCN guideline recommended anticoagulant therapy in patient with cancer associated venous thromboembolism. Method: study was designed with two phases an observational phase and an interventional prospective phase with the educational program, was conducted at Middle Euphrates cancer center /An-Najaf governorate/Iraq. Ten oncologists who agreed to participate in the study. Used validated questionnaire include (25 items) where distributed to 10 oncologists who were working at the Middle Euphrates cancer center then all questionnaires were collected from participated oncologists over two months. Subsequently, an educational part including a lecture and posters was submitted in cancer center to in raising awareness of seriousness of this disease and how prevention and treatment. Results: The overall mean total score of oncologists for prevention and management of cancer associated VTE (out of 25 items) of all questionnaire parts was remarkably increased from (0.54) to (0.72) after the intervention therefore the level of oncologist's adherence to NCCN guideline improved to 70% with large effect size (1.04). Conclusion: According to the final evaluation of responses of oncologists showed improvement in adherence toward the NCCN guideline. In addition, there were several barriers that mainly reduce the adherence like sever side effect, increase cost and Lack of awareness of guidelines.

Trends Characterization for Rainfall Time Series in Middle Euphrates Region, Iraq

Trends Characterization for Rainfall Time Series in Middle Euphrates Region, Iraq

Investigating and evaluating the impact of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 response measures on construction projects in Iraq

Abstract. At the end of 2019, the whole world was exposed to a major health crisis, which the Coronavirus, which went out of the control of all countries, including Iraq, The negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic continues to this day on the construction industry sector in Iraq. This research aims to study and find the most common risk factors for the Coronavirus crisis and analyze them using the descriptive analysis method (HEAT MAP), in addition to identifying, analyzing and evaluating response procedures after Covid-19 by finding the relative importance index (RII). The factors of the Covid-19 crisis were extracted and the most common different response procedures were found from the archives of (24) completed construction projects in the projects of the University of Kufa, Karbala and Babylon. The current practice and the possibility of occurrence of risk factors, their severity and the possibility of their occurrence were diagnosed by conducting interviews accompanied by an open questionnaire with (15) Iraqi experts concerned with construction project management and then directing a detailed closed questionnaire to (140) others. All the results obtained were subjected to statistical tests to verify their validity, and the results showed the presence of (37) factors related to the Coronavirus, with the identification of their characteristics and the most affected project objectives, as well as the most affected contracting parties. When using the (HEAT MAP) method, it was found that the group of political risk factors is dominant and that the most harmful factors are the curfew and changes in the current government policies followed to combat the epidemic, curfew decisions and changes in the current government policies followed to combat the epidemic, political division, conflicting decisions, and the absence of plans and preparation for such crises. The delay in state funding for funded projects in the Middle Euphrates due to strict measures in the Middle Euphrates by the government that has existing projects was the most harmful. When applying (RII) to find the most important response measures, it was holding regular working sessions to discuss COVID-19 policies and response mechanisms, imposing a state of emergency due to the Corona virus as a force majeure, and finally cooperating with regulatory bodies to facilitate policy changes as well as enhancing scientific advice. Through this study, the project reached many conclusions and recommendations that would reduce or mitigate the impact of the Corona pandemic or any future events on the objectives of any construction project.

Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Application of Instructional Program Concerning Self-Management Strategies of Patients with Epilepsy

Objective(s): The current study aims to determine the influence of demographic characteristics of patients with epilepsy on the application of instruction program for self-management strategies. Methodology: The study utilized a quasi-experimental (non-randomized) design at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf City, within the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate, specifically at The Middle Euphrates Neurosciences Center, from August 13, 2023, to November 13, 2023. The purposive sample comprised 87 patients, divided into two groups: the study group, consisting of 44 patients exposed to the instructional program, and the control group, consisting of 43 patients not exposed to the program. The research tools included a demographic questionnaire and an Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS) from Dr. Colleen Dilorio, which includes 38 questions measuring 5 subscales related to epilepsy self-management for people with epilepsy. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The study results showed no statistically significant differences between demographic characteristics and the application of instruction program for self-management strategies (P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between the patient's marital status and application of instruction program for safety and information self-management strategies, with a small size effect. Conclusions: The study concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between demographic characteristics and the application of instruction program for self-management strategies overall. Recommendations: The study recommended that the Ministry of Health implement a self-management program for patients with epilepsy.

Variation in the development of Neolithic societies atop the Central Anatolian Plateau: recent results from Balıklı

Regional variation in the historic development of agricultural societies in South-west Asia is increasingly apparent. Recent investigations at the wetland site of Balıklı (c. 8300–7900 BC) provide new insights into the initial processes of sedentism in Central Anatolia and the interaction of early communities within local and larger-scale networks. Located near major obsidian sources, excellent architectural preservation and faunal and botanical records at Balıklı suggest cultural connections to the upper Middle Euphrates region, yet inhabitants of the site do not appear to have participated in the wider South-west Asian obsidian-exchange networks and largely relied on wild resources.

Special Exercises to Develop Some Visual Abilities and Defensive Movement Skills for Players of the Middle Euphrates Education Handball Teams

The purpose of this paper is to preparing special exercises to develop some visual abilities and the skill of defensive movements for the players of the educational teams of the Middle Euphrates in handball, preparing tests for some visual abilities for the players of the educational teams of the Middle Euphrates in handball, and identifying some visual abilities and defensive movement skills of players of the Middle Euphrates handball teams. The research objectives addressed by the researchers are what determine the nature of the method used, so the researchers used the experimental method in the style of two equivalent groups (control and experimental) with pre- and post-tests to suit the research objectives. The research community was determined by handball players for the teams of the Middle Euphrates region's education affiliated to the general education directorates in the governorates, distributed according to the governorates (Karbala, Najaf, Babylon, Muthanna, Diwaniyah), totaling (150) players. The research sample was chosen randomly and represented the players of the Karbala Education team affiliated to the holy Karbala Governorate, numbering (30) players who represent if the goalkeepers were excluded due to the specificity of the exercises, numbering (2) and (4) players were absent from performing the exercises, and the total number of the sample became (24) where they were randomly divided into two equal groups (control and experimental) with (12) players for each group, thus representing the research community, its sample and the percentage. The exploratory sample was 8 players from the Education of Babylon Governorate. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: The tests prepared by the researchers gave real results for visual abilities in handball, and the special exercises contributed to developing visual abilities and the skill of various defensive movements better among the members of the experimental group. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Necessity of using special exercises to develop special visual abilities and the skill of defensive movements that were not studied with the same sample and other samples, and preparing special tests for visual abilities for each game according to the nature of its performance and needs

استخدام المجهر الألكتروني الماسح في تشخيص المعادن الطينية في بعض ترب الرز العراقية

The Middle Euphrates region, represented by the governorates of Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf, was chosen to conduct the current study. As the two governorates are famous for cultivating various varieties of rice crop. Two methods using to irrigated these soils during the growing season, and called locally wet and dry methods. The morphological features of clay minerals were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), to describe the changes that occurred to the mineralogical features of these minerals due to the influence of the irrigation patterns used during irrigation of these soils. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that were many changes in morphological features occurs such as in size and shape of clay minerals, in particular to smectite minerals. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of clays in Al-Najaf(dry) soil showed some of particles appeared as well-formed imperfect hexagonal shape, which revealed that these particles belong to the chlorite mineral. While the mica minerals were appeared in lath-shaped, and rounded flakes in clays of all studied soils. Whereas the montmorillonite particles appear as a thin, webby crust, and have a flat, perming morphology. The variation in the size of the montmorillonite particles was adopted as a basis for the occurrence of the Mg-hydroxide layer within the interlayers of montmorillonite.

Cancer Patients Satisfaction and Quality of Healthcare Services in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Quality of Care in Cancer Management.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the development of metastatic features. The aim of the study is to examine the patient's satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services provided at the Middle Euphrates Cancer Centre in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. Cancer patients who visited during 2021-2023 Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Al Ashraf Governorate in 2021-2023 were enrolled in the study. In the cross sectional study, enrolled cancer patients were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, cancer patient satisfaction assessment was made based on responses from a 59 items questionnaire. In the study period, 400 cancer patients who visited the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Al Ashraf Governorate enrolled in the study. Cancer patient's satisfaction was assessed based on the care provided by physicians, nurses, the infrastructure of the organization, and their socioeconomic status. Under the category of care provided by the physician, the level of assessment reported was low [L] =1-2.33; moderate [M] =2.34-3.66; 2.34-3.66, and high [H] =3.67-5). However, in the case of care provided by nurses, the level of assessment is low ([L] =1-2.33; moderate [M]=2.34-3.66; high [H]=3.67-5.0). The level of assessment (low [L] =1-2.33; moderate [M] = -3.66; high [H]=3.67-5) at the organization level for the services and facilities. Findings clearly demonstrate that the participants were dissatisfied with some services provided by doctors, nurses, or organizations. The findings also emphasize the critical need to tailor healthcare services, enhance accessibility, and elevate the overall quality of care to enhance patient satisfaction significantly.

Isolation and Identification of Candida sp. from Cancer Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate

Abstract Background: The study of microbes and cancer is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development. Candida is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that is inclined to infect the host with faulty immune function involving cancer patients. A growing amount of research has shown that Candida infection raises the host’s vulnerability to cancer, such as colorectal, gastric, and oral cancer. Objectives: This investigation demonstrates the isolation and identification of Candida spp. from cancer patients of the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Governorate. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one blood samples were collected for the preparation of serum. The serum is cultured on SDA media, and the culture is examined for microbial growth, such as culture on SDA media, Chrom agar, microscopic examination, and then by VITEK 2 technique. Results: The current investigation showed that the infection percentage with opportunistic microorganisms was demonstrated as follows: 53% was Candida while 47% was bacteria and other types of yeast. The results demonstrate five different species of Candida sp., Candida species were (46%) C. parapsilosis (13.33%) for each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii. Conclusion: We concluded from our current study that some pathogenic microbes can be isolated from the sera of cancer patients, as some types of Candida were isolated, which include C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C.dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii.

Various Applications of Dynamic Programming (D.P.) in the Iraqi Economy

The main objective of this research is to conduct some applications of dynamic programming in the Iraqi economy in order to determine the optimal solution, such as distributing investments among some economic sectors or finding the shortest distance between provinces using the Bellman-Ford algorithm. This includes providing some hypothetical examples of other dynamic programming methods such as the traveling salesman problem or the captain's ship model, as it is sometimes called. Dynamic programming revolves around cost reduction and maximizing returns, also known as optimality. Practical studies have been conducted on the shortest distance between provinces of Middle Euphrates in Iraq, in addition to applying the knapsack method to maximize returns in some economic sectors in Iraq for the year 2007.

THE POLITICAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF NAJAF AL-ASHRAF (1909-1925 AD(

The first section dealt with: Najaf Al-Ashraf’s position on the British invasion The city of Najaf was known for its many national stances rejecting the occupation, whether it was Ottoman or British. These positions began to appear directly at the beginning of the twentieth century after British forces began to occupy Iraq, following the outbreak of World War I (1914 AD), which coincided with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire militarily and administratively. The Ottomans’ interest was also primarily focused on convincing the Shiites to declare a fatwa for jihad. Their first step was to send a high-level delegation to the city of Najaf commensurate with the size of the mission entrusted to them. It included a number of Baghdadi and government figures and clerics, including Muhammad Fadil al-Daghistani, Shawkat Pasha, and Sheikh Hamid al-Kulaidar (custodian of the sanctuary of the two Imams al-Kazimin). An extensive meeting was held in one of the mosques, attended by scholars, leaders, sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates tribes, and clerics, including Sayyed Muhammad Saeed Al-Haboubi, Sheikh Abdul Karim Al-Jazairi, and Sheikh Jawad - the owner of Al-Jawahir - who stressed the necessity of standing with the Muslim government (meaning the Ottoman government) to push the infidels from their lands. Muslims, as some tribal sheikhs spoke, including Mubarak Al Pharaoh (Sheikh of Al Fatla), who said: (The Turks are our brothers in religion, and it is our duty to help them expel the enemies from our country). Accordingly, the religious scholars in Najaf issued a fatwa stating the necessity of defending Islam and its homeland. The religious scholars in Najaf declared jihad, and the duty to defend Islamic countries. The jihadist calls against the British continued, and the most famous of these calls was the one that carried the slogan “The Noble Haidari Flag,” which began in November 1915. The most

The impact of digital leadership on individual work performance: The interactive role of knowledge sharing behavior: An analytical exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of faculty members in some universities and private colleges in the Middle Euphrates region

هدف البحث الى اختبار ومعرفة الدور الذي تؤديه القيادة الرقمية في أداء العمل الفردي في إطار الدور التفاعلي لسلوك تشارك المعرفة، اذ تتمحور مشكلة البحث في اعتقاد العلماء أن الفيروس COVID-19 قد يكون معنا لعقود أو أكثر، وجمعت البيانات والمعلومات عن العينة المختارة من خلال الاستبانة والتي تعد أداة رئيسة في هذ البحث اذ شملت العينة أعضاء الهياة التدريسية في عدد من الجامعات والكليات الاهلية في منطقة الفرات الأوسط والبالغة عددهم (312) فرداً، ومن اجل دعم العلاقة بين هذه المتغيرات من الناحية النظرية اعتمدت الدراسة في قياس متغير القيادة الرقمية على مقياس يضم خمسة ابعاد (القيادة الرؤيوية، ثقافة التعلم في العصر الرقمي، التميز في الممارسة المهنية، التحسين النظمي، والمواطنة الرقمية)، اما متغير سلوك تشارك المعرفة فقد تم تبني مقياس يضمن من أربعة ابعاد (مساهمات مكتوبة، الاتصالات التنظيمية، التفاعلات الشخصية، ومجتمعات الممارسة)، في حين تبنت الدراسة لقياس أداء العمل الفردي مقياس يضم أربعة ابعاد (أداء المهمة، الأداء السياقي، الأداء التكيفي، وسلوك العمل العكسي)، وقد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في عرض وتفسير المعلومات الخاصة بالبحث، ولغرض تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها احصائياً تم استخدام مجموعة من المقاييس الإحصائية الوصفية، ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون، ونمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية، والتحليل المعدل، وقد تم استخدام هذه الأساليب عن طريق البرنامج الاحصائي (Spss.25,Amos.25)، اما أبرز الاستنتاجات هو أن سلوك تشارك المعرفة في بعض الجامعات والكليات الاهلية عينة الدراسة ومن الناحية الميدانية من شأنه ان يعزز تأثير القيادة الرقمية في اداء العمل الفردي، وهذا يعني وجود سلوك تشارك المعرفة ميدانياً إلى جانب القيادة الرقمية من شانه أن يسهم في اداء العمل الفردي في هذه الجامعات الاهلية.

Predictive Factors of Cancer Patients' Satisfaction with Quality of Healthcare Services Received at the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center, Al-Najaf Al Ashraf, Iraq

Predictive Factors of Cancer Patients' Satisfaction with Quality of Healthcare Services Received at the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center, Al-Najaf Al Ashraf, Iraq

Isolation and molecular identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in middle Euphrates, Iraq

Isolation and molecular identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in middle Euphrates, Iraq

Variable arachnoid cyst presentations in variable age groups; a comparative single center study

Introduction. Arachnoid cysts are an intracranial spaces that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lined with arachnoid membranes. They may be asymptomatic or present with focal epilepsy, headache and other neurological symptoms. Purpose. This study shows the different presentation of brain arachnoid cysts in relation to their locations in variable age groups. Methods. This is a retrospective analytic cohort comparative study that enrolled 168 patients was done in the Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center and Al-Sadder Medical City, from the first of February 2020 to the first of February 2023. The collected data of patients include patient’s age, gender, presentation, location of the cyst in the brain and its dimension. Each patient was assessed a full general and neurological examination. The data were analyzed according to presentation and location of cyst in the brain via MRI. Results. The mean age of group one is 10 years (4-18 years) and for group two is 35 years (19-70 years). Regarding the gender, the male gender was more in group one, while the female gender was more in group two than in group one. Regarding the presentation, the most common presentation is focal epilepsy in about 47.61% in both groups and more in group one (about 68.11%). Regarding the MRI location of arachnoid cyst, the most common site was the temporal lobe. The overall percentage of arachnoid cyst is 57.14% in temporal lobe and 13.09% in occipital lobe in total patients Conclusion. The arachnoid cysts of brain are variable in both their presentations and their locations in different ages. The most common presentation is focal epilepsy in patient 18 years old and less, while the headache in patient older than 18 years. The most common site of cyst is temporal lobe.

New Light on the Land of Sūḫu

Abstract In this review article, Philippe Clancier’s recent monograph on the history of the overlooked Late Bronze and Early Iron-age polity of Sūḫu lying on the Middle Euphrates is examined. It is demonstrated that the central contention of two identically named polities of Sūḫu (“Eastern” and “Western Sūḫu” respectively), ruled by two competing dynasties with differing political relationships to Assyria, is not supported by the textual record. As a corrective, a new comprehensive political history of Sūḫu in the early first millennium BC is presented here, as a basis for future research.

Association between Psychological Aspects and Coping Strategies among Mothers of Children with Cancer

Background: Providing care for a child diagnosed with cancer presents significant emotional and psychological difficulties for parents, especially mothers. Objective: The study investigates association between psychological aspects and coping strategies among mothers of children with cancer. Materials and Methods: A Correlational study was undertaken at the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Al Ashraf Governorate from July 31th, 2022, to September 28th, 2023. The questionnaire's validity was ensured through expert consultation, and its reliability was established through a preliminary pilot study. Data were collected by structured interviews using the questionnaire and subjected to thorough analysis employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The findings of this study show that a significant percentage (54.9%) of mothers with children diagnosed with cancer are experiencing significant psychological distress. Moreover, a substantial number (58.8%) of these mothers are using coping strategies that are not very effective. The study also reveals a strong, negative correlation between the psychological well-being of these mothers and their coping strategies, particularly in areas such as family integration (r = -.445; p < 0.01), social support (r = -.353; p < 0.01), communication with healthcare professionals (r = -.522; p < 0.01), and overall coping (r = -.624; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study highlights the alarming prevalence of psychological distress among mothers with children diagnosed with cancer and underscores the ineffectiveness of many coping strategies employed by these mothers. It is recommended that healthcare professionals and support organizations prioritize the provision of tailored psychological support and social support networks to alleviate the psychological burden faced by these mothers.

Assessment of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Cultivation under Two Irrigation Systems in Central Iraq

A field experiment was conducted in the Abbasiya area of Najaf Governorate, located in the Middle Euphrates region during the winter season of 2022-2023. The primary focus of the study was to evaluate the performance of two irrigation systems, nano-irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation, on broccoli plants grown in clay soil. The experimental design followed a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Nano-irrigation demonstrated several advantages over subsurface drip irrigation. It exhibited a reduction inater con-sumption and lower energy requirements for water pumping opera-tions. Notably, the root length of broccoli plants was significantly greater under the nano-irrigation system, with an increase of 18.2 cm compared to the drip irrigation system. The use of nano-irrigation resulted in better water use efficiency and energy efficien-cy, leading to improved root development in the broccoli plants. The study results indicated that nano-irrigation offers benefits in terms of water conservation and plant growth promotion, ultimately leading to increased overall productivity. This makes nano-irrigation an appealing option for improving water use efficiency in agriculture, particularly in regions that face water scarcity. Moreo-ver, there was no significant difference in yield between the nano-irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation systems.

Genetic Insights: Examining CNTNAP2 rs7794745 Gene Polymorphism and Its Impact on ABLLS Assessment in Middle Euphrates Children in Iraq with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective: examine the effect of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphism on behavioral therapy response in Iraqi children with autism spectrum disorder using ABLLS-r.
 Methods: In this study, 150 samples for autism spectrum disorder were obtained from AL-SIBTEIN ACADEMY, however owing to many challenges, the final number of samples was 50 patients. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction refers to a technique that combines the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction enzymes to amplify and analyze certain DNA sequences. Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype the CNTNAP2 gene at rs7794745. All 25 ABLLS-R repertoires and all four primary components had their dependent parameters determined by aggregating and converting the ABLLS data to a percentage. This provided us with the proportion of finished assignments from each repertoire.
 Results: After correlating the genotype data (AA/AT/TT) with the behavioral therapy response as indicated by ABLLS-R, we only discovered a statistically significant difference between the frequency of AA/TT genotypes in the rs7794745 variant in patients and the social interaction domain. Conversely, the remaining 24 subdomains exhibited no discernible correlation.
 Conclusion: This research topic could provide significant information on targeting and categorizing which skill areas need to be developed based on genetic models' influence.

Contribution of the grip strength with the manifestations of muscle strength as an indication of the selection of players throwing events in the track and field for players with special needs in the middle Euphrates region


 The study aimed to identify the contribution of the grip force with the types of muscle strength (maximum force, explosive force, and the force marked by speed and bearing strength) to select throwing activities (gravity, disc, and spear) in the field and the field for people with special needs, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the way of relational relationships to suit it in achieving The objectives set, and the research community identified (15) players representing the committees (Al-Diwaniyah, Babil and Najaf) who intend to join the teams of the committee and tests have been carried out on them, including (fist strength test, arm force max test, explosive force test for the arms, and distinct force test for arm speed, Arm Strength Test) The data were statistically processed to conclude that the grip strength plays a major role in selecting players for throwing events for the strong relationship with the manifestations of muscular strength for players with special needs.