Middle-class People Research Articles

Impact of Mudra Yojana on the Economic Development of Poor and Middle-class People in Chhattisgarh State

Impact of Mudra Yojana on the Economic Development of Poor and Middle-class People in Chhattisgarh State

Managing business during global economic crisis: the case of Global Gadget Limited, Bangladesh

Learning outcomes The primary objective of this case was to grant the students an exposure to the students regarding how to manage a retail business during an economic crisis. In this case, all three of the aforementioned objectives as the students were given opportunity to dissect the business process through business model canvas, find out the key success factors and more importantly, were encouraged towards cost cutting behaviour by presenting the real-life dilemmas that were faced by an actual entrepreneur. Furthermore, the students were shown the importance of stakeholder management through this case, as support is very much needed for the retailers from macro-economic and micro-economic level. Case overview/synopsis This case study is the story of Global Gadget Limited, a premium retailer of cell phones and other relevant devises, which is located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The story is revolving around the challenge that Mr Shahadat Hossain Dipto, the owner of Global Gadget is facing over the past two years. Dipto mainly runs his business by selling budget phones from brands like Oppo, Xiaomi, Samsung and Vivo to the middle class and lower middle-class people of Bangladesh, who are very much cost conscious. To persuade these customers to buy his phones, he offers discounts, free gifts, equated monthly instalment services (a monthly instalment plan for the customers who cannot afford to pay the full amount when buying the phone) and sometimes even lottery. In the process, if he can sell more phones, these brands reward him with attractive commissions and all the necessary supports that help him run the business with marginal profit. However, due to the Russia–Ukraine war, he is now in crisis as the resulting economic crisis is causing a price increase on these phones, while drying out his customer’s pockets. This case study is designed to teach the students the importance of product segmentation, inventory management, cost management and relationship management to the students and future entrepreneur, so that they can understand, what does it take for an entrepreneur to survive an economic crisis. Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at undergraduate, masters’ students in business schools and Master of Business Administration students or short course executives and for the students of entrepreneurship education programme. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS3: Entrepreneurship.

A Study on Middle Class People Habits in Indian Banking with Rrrefffernce to ICICI

A Study on Middle Class People Habits in Indian Banking with Rrrefffernce to ICICI

Analisis Kadar Formalin pada Mie Basah yang Dijual oleh Pedagang Bakso di Kota Sorong Menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Visible

Noodles are a popular food among middle class people, both upper and lower classes because they taste delicious and are affordable. Wet noodles have a short shelf life due to their high water content, this is what encourages some sellers to use formaldehyde as a preservative. This examination means to decide if there is formalin content in examples of wet noodles sold by meatball brokers in Sorong City. Formalin investigation was completed subjectively and quantitatively. Subjective tests were done by adding chromatogenic corrosive to wet noodle tests and quantitative tests were completed to see the degree of formaldehyde contained in the examples utilizing an UV-noticeable spectrophotometer. The consequences of the subjective test showed that one example with code (S1) was recognized as sure for containing formaldehyde, which was demonstrated by the adjustment of the shade of the filtrate from brown to purple subsequent to being dribbled with chromatophic corrosive reagent and warmed in bubbling water. The total formalin content contained in sample S1 was 0.905%.

Loneliness and Humour in Azi̇z Nesi̇n and Neil Simon: a comparative study

This comparative study explores how Aziz Nesin and Neil Simon, representing different literary canons, treat and reflect upon the incorporation of loneliness and humour in Hadi Öldürsene Canikom! [Let’s Kill Me Honey!] (1970) and The Odd Couple (1965), respectively. Both playwrights examine the loneliness that has caught urbanised and atomised humans in two metropolises: Istanbul and New York. Simon deals with the values, concerns, lifestyles, aspirations and problems of middle-class people in his plays with domestic realism. In contrast, Nesin’s plays explore lower-working-class people’s values, concerns and struggles. Moreover, it focuses on how Nesin and Simon employ humour, as a Lingua Franca of comedy, in their works. The study emphasises the two playwrights’ incorporation of the humour theories of superiority, incongruity and relief into the selected dramatic texts. The interactions between the characters in the two plays are analysed according to the three traditional humour theories by assuming a discourse-analytic approach. The study has exhibited that in Hadi Öldürsene Canikom, all the humour theories have been explicitly observed. The humour largely stems from a case of mistaken identity, which creates incongruity. On the other hand, in The Odd Couple, humour is primarily evoked due to the incongruous characteristics of the roommates abandoned by their wives.

Machine Learning based approach for Diabetes Prediction

Diabetes is an illness brought on by an excessive amount of glucose within the body. Ignorance of diabetes is no longer acceptable. If neglected, it may also result in more severe health concerns for a person, such as heart-related problems, renal problems, blood pressure, eye damage, and effects on other body organs. Insulin hormone is affected, which leads to abnormal crab metabolism and elevates blood sugar levels. According to the World Health Organization, 422 million people worldwide suffer with diabetes. low- and middle-class people being disproportionately affected. The condition is caused by the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin. Additionally, this might reach 490 billion by 2030. To benefit from this challenging job, we may apply ensemble techniques and system learning for classification on this image to forecast whether diabetes will be present in a dataset. When comparing one version to another, the accuracy varies depending on the model. The assignment provides the accurate or improved accuracy version, indicating that the model can effectively predict diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that random forested areas outperformed other system mastery strategies in terms of accuracy. Keywords: Classification Algorithms, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Random forest

Moving from “superstar” cities to “ordinary” cities to reclaim middle-class status: gentrification-induced inter-metropolitan migration

ABSTRACT A national reshuffling of the United States population is in progress, as ever more people adjust to the reality of excessively expensive urban housing markets. We unpack the out-migration of middle-class people from large, high-growth cities propelled by gentrification pressures, into one lower-cost metropolitan area in North Carolina: Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill (“the Triangle”), considering the multiple impacts of migrants on the region. We refine concepts that are central to the gentrification scholarship, namely who is displaced and the geographic range of displacement. We find that migrants experience many benefits in their new location but have fears about the future of their new city. As the Triangle is growing, it is reproducing the high prices, environmental harm, and loss of a sense of place migrants experienced in their city of origin. This suggests that newly growing cities such as the Triangle are at risk of replicating the inequalities that plague superstar cities. Theoretically, we reflect on how a case study of an “ordinary” city (Robinson [2002]. Global and world cities: A view from off the map. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26(3), 531–554.; Robinson [2006]. Ordinary Cities: Between Modernity and development. Psychology Press.) in the United States South, an underrepresented region in urban studies, can shed new light on urbanization in the United States.

A Review of the Pharmacological effects of Alpinia galanga Linn. and it’s Phytoconstituents

Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to get modern health services, so they more often use traditional medicines obtained from herbal plants that grow around them. From the ancient Vedic era, green plants are being used for their medicinal properties to treat several diseases. Green plants represent a big source of bioactive compounds. Alpinia galanga (Linn.) of Zingiberaceae family is one amongst those medicinally important plants. Alpinia galanga plant is used in medicine and in food preparation. Rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga have high phenolic and flavonoid contents when compared to leaf extract. Because of elevated phenolic and flavonoid content in rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga there is noticeable antimicrobial as well as radical scavenging potential. It is a well-known official drug thought out the country as integrated contribution of nature. It is commonly used for the management of eczema, coryza, bronchitis, otitis interna, gastritis, ulcers, morbilli and cholera, pityriasis versicolor, to clear the mouth, emaciation. The different parts of the plant have various effects like antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiplatelet, antiviral, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant effects, hypolipidemic and many others. The current review add significant information about its, pharmacological activities, medicinal properties and phytochemical investigations as a traditional drug to cure for a number of diseases. Every fraction of the plant has valuable properties that can deliver humanity. The complete plant will be broadly investigated for further future prospective.

Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Mengatasi Kelangkaan Gas LPG Subsidi di Indonesia

Introduction: Recently, there has been a shortage of 3 kg subsidized LGP gas which has impacted lower middle class people who have difficulty getting 3 kg subsidized LPG gas from the government. This research aims to analyze how government policies address the problem of subsidized LPG gas scarcity in Indonesia. Research Methods: This method uses a qualitative descriptive analysis approach from books, journal articles and previous research. Results: The research results show that to overcome this scarcity problem, the government issued several policies to overcome the scarcity of subsidized gas, including increasing subsidized gas supplies in several areas, revoking fraudulent agents' permits, market operations in several areas, purchasing subsidized gas by bringing an ID card, strengthening distribution control, limiting purchases of subsidized gas, managing stock well, determining the right price according to market prices, and reviewing revise subsidy policies so that they remain sustainable and efficient. Conclusion: The government must consistently monitor the market, and the public must use subsidized 3 kg LPG gas wisely and not hoard it.

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RUSSIAN INVASION TO UKRAINE: INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE BY INCREASING FUEL PRICES IN 2022

This study aims to explain how the response of the Indonesian government by increasing the price of fuel oil (BBM) because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. By using the theory of the decision-making process, this article discusses how the Indonesian government formulates and implements policies regarding the increase in fuel prices as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine which resulted in a supply shock and an increase in world crude oil prices. This article may be the first article that discusses in detail the Indonesian government's response to the increase in world crude oil prices, along with a discussion of the response of the affected Indonesian people. This article uses a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques using literature, and data processing from Twitter is done with NVivo 12 Plus which produces Word Cloud data. The Indonesian government's response to the raising of subsidized fuel prices was caused by several rational considerations that had two sides, namely advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that by increasing fuel prices, the government can reduce the burden that must be borne by the state budget. The losses incurred are the burden on the lower middle-class people in meeting their needs for fuel, both for mobility and other needs. The Indonesian government adopts policies that maintain the stability of the country's economy by providing social assistance to the people so that people's fuel needs are still met.

Case study of Block 1, Highland Towers Condominium collapsed in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia on 11th December 1993

Landslide has become the primary focus in slope engineering as the case increases. Most landslides are resulted from an unknown confluence, and most occur on slopes created by humanity. Highland Towers were built between 1976 and 1979, and its occupants were primarily first and middle-class people. There is a steep hill behind the three blocks. The main draws here are the natural scenery and panoramic vista of Kuala Lumpur. This case study investigates what factors led to Block 1, Highland Towers condominium’s collapse on 11th December 1993 at 1.35 p.m. using reliability analysis approaches and human fault impact factors. The Block 1 collapse is caused by an unstable pile foundation. The engineers incorrectly estimated the horizontal load design, causing surcharge loads to be created by the downhill forward movement when the rotating retrogressive slide happens. However, several precautions may be taken to protect the building structures from landslide. It is common knowledge that structural reliability analysis yields failure probabilities that are not considered for human faults. Inadequate drainage, collapse of retaining wall, and rail piling foundation are all plausible explanations for this landslide initiation. Thus, combining structural and human reliability analysis are recommended to mitigate landslide, including slope hazards.

Representation of social actors in economic and financial crimes reports in selected Nigerian newspapers

This paper investigates the representation of social actors in news reports on economic and financial crimes in four Nigerian newspapers: Punch, The Guardian, The Nation and ThisDay. Theo van Leeuwen’s socio-semantic inventory for the representation of social actors and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) served as the theoretical framework. Five socio-semantic categories were applied in the news reports: functionalisation, backgrounding and suppression, activation and passivation, personalisation and impersonalisation and nomination and categorisation. Only the accused were both nominated and categorised. They were nominated when the reference is to people of high status and categorised when the reference is to ordinary or middle-class people. All the other social actors were nominated because of their roles in the fight against economic and financial crimes. The study shows that language is a medium for hidden meaning in the reportage of economic and financial crimes.

Exploring the Satire in Literature: Taking the Luncheon as a Case Study

William Somerset Maugham is a renowned English writer, known for his plays, novels, and short stories. One of his famous short stories, The Luncheon, tells the tale of a forty-year-old lady who admires the author's works and wins his favor by expressing her desire to meet him for lunch at a high-class eatery. Maugham ironically reveals the gluttony of the middle-class people and their hypocrisy. Based on textual analysis, the paper intends to explore the significance of the employment of satire and its application. In this paper, the author mainly focuses on two ways of satire, including irony and parody to discuss the function of satire in literature, arguing that satire cannot merely present vivid characteristics of characters in literature but also reveal authors intents of its employment. Additionally, the review paper also analyzes the application of satire in the literature of the past as well as satire in modern literature. The paper can contribute to providing a comprehensive analysis of Maugham's use of satire in The Luncheon and its impact on the reader's understanding of the story themes and characters.

Toxic freedom: how middle-class seasonal fruit pickers perceive and manage agrochemical exposures

ABSTRACT In a global agricultural context that is more chemically dependent than ever, occupational exposure to pesticides typically maps onto entrenched inequalities. Existing research has documented the health hazards of agrochemical exposure facing predominantly low-income, racialized farmworkers. Yet some young middle-class people in wealthy countries are intentionally pursuing informal seasonal farm jobs. How do workers in social positions that typically protect against workplace vulnerability manage the uncertainty of toxic exposures? This study draws on ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with French, English and Spanish-speaking domestic and international farmworkers in British Columbia, Canada. I identify three pathways by which farmworkers perceive and manage agrochemical exposure: informal bodily evidence, individually managing risks and rationalizing exposure. This article introduces the concept of ‘toxic freedom’ to show how workers may downplay workplace risks by framing pesticide exposure as a reasonable trade-off for personal autonomy, countercultural idealism and temporary youthful adventure. This research underscores why individual-level agricultural health and safety interventions may be limited in protecting workers from harmful agrochemical exposures. Rather, it signals the opportunity for policy interventions such as stronger pesticide regulation, proactive spot inspections, higher penalties for non-compliance, and clearer channels for farmworkers to have a collective democratic voice in the workplace.

PROFESSOR OF THE MOSCOW UNIVERSITY I.A. HEIM (BERNHARD ANDREAS VON HEIM) AND HIS LIFE-WORLD (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE INVENTORY OF RECTOR’S HOUSE IN 1821)

The research is based on the analysis of the 1821 detailed description of the premises of the apartment of the Moscow University professor Heim, who had just passed away. From 1781 Heim, who maintained ties with Germany, rose to professor and then to rector of the Moscow University. His home environment provides material for reconstruction of the life of a “Russian German”, a representative of academic culture (with its academic everyday life). According to the inventory, the rector’s apartment near Mokhovaya Street contains four living rooms, a kitchen and a stable (on the lower floor). The room-by-room description of furniture, clothing, utensils and other household items, and information on the composition of the home library embody the anthropological characteristics of the professor’s subculture. The author of the article views a home item as a tangle of cultural practices, and the structure of the home and its contents as an embodiment of the professor’s way of life. The list of numerous kitchen utensils, a carriage, a droshky and several sets of harness in the stable indicate the complete autonomy of existence, and a large number of chairs and dining utensils allows us to speak about a certain degree of the publicity of the space. A set of clothes (casual and ceremonial), orders, letters of loan and idle money indicate a relatively high material and social status of Heim, demonstrate prosperity, the desire for domestic convenience of a “private man”. But the restrained style of apartment decoration, lots of desks, books, measuring instruments and stationery (attributes of routine academic writing) speak of the priority of the professor’s intellectual pursuits at home. The material of the inventory, considered against historical and cultural background, allows us to expand our views on understudied subculture of university professors as a specific layer of “middle-class people”, Russian intellectual elite of the late 18th and the early 19th centuries.

Insight of suicide in Iraq: a coroner’s report

BackgroundSuicide is a serious public health problems worldwide. Although suicide rates in the eastern Medetranian region are lower than western countries, increasing incidences is reported. This study aims to explore the demographic, clinical characteristics, and associated variables of people died by suicide in Iraq through a limited retrospective sample symbolized as biopsy.MethodsThe retrospective analysis included the electronic records of a hundred cases of suicide saved in the archives of the Medico-Legal Directory in Baghdad. Data were extracted from the legal investigation which included police investigations, family reports, and post-mortem reports. Simple descriptive satstistical analyses of the selected data was conducted.ResultsIt estimated through this study that the crude rate of suicide was 1.75 per 100,000 population which is higher than 1.09/10,000, previously reported by the Iraq national study of suicide 2016. Most cases occurred in ≤ 29 years old, Muslims, city dwellers, and middle-class people aged 29 years or less. The prevalence of suicide was significantly associated with unemployment, good education, and income. The most common methods used were self-burning, gunshot, hanging, and jumping from heights. The reason for taking their own life was unknown for half of the sample. Depression was relatively common, while other mental disorders were of low rate or unrecognized. Family conflicts and environmental stressors were considered as motives.ConclusionsThis study exemplifies suicide patterns where young age, female gender, and violent methods are represented more than before, reflecting the impact of environmental and personal stressors and may be related to violence and the post-conflict situation initiated by the 2003 war. Little is known about suicide architecture due to stigma and poor surveillance system. A multidisciplinary suicide prevention strategy is crucial to implement in Iraq’s health service. Large-scale studies are called to cover the data gap.

Why Faculty Underestimate Low-Income Students’ Family Responsibilities

Low-income college students face costly moral choices between pursuing their personal academic success and fulfilling their family responsibilities. They almost certainly face these choices more frequently and at a greater personal cost than many of their faculty recognize. This article explores the sources and nature of that professorial blind spot. This article argues that this moral blind spot results from the fact that middle-class people and low-income people practice family in markedly different ways. They uphold different moral norms (independence vs. mutual aid) which shape the qualitative nature of college students’ obligations within their families. They also tend to utilize different family structures (nuclear vs. complex and extended) which create quantitative differences in the number of people to whom family responsibilities can attach. The paper ends with a practical implications section that discusses ways to address this moral blind spot so instructors can more effectively collaborate with students as they navigate conflicts between family and academic responsibilities.

Memory, Media, and Modernity in Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie: A Twenty-first Century Perspective

This article explores how effectively Tennessee Williams in The Glass Menagerie uses ‘memory’ to add new dramatic elements by recounting historical occurrences, ‘media’ to accurately depict people’s circumstances and an authentic picture of society, and ‘modernity’ through his characters that affected their lives in the play. In this study, a descriptive study design with a component of qualitative analysis is used to find out answers to three research questions based on “memory, media and modernity” in The Glass Menagerie, and get a credible solution to strengthen our arguments. The in-depth analysis reveals Williams’ concerns about middle-class people, society, and the office’s authority during this era of transition. Additionally, it underscores how The Glass Menagerie incorporates shards of memories, media, and modernity to exhibit a congenial depiction of a modern spirit that Williams shares with the common people and readers whose voices he intercepts. The article intends to see how far Williams accomplished his objectives in portraying the deterioration of values, culture, traditions, and socio-economic problems to bring new force and genre to American drama. The in-depth analysis is sufficient to deem the play a quintessential, play for readers of all ages, a “Plastic Glass” genre that blends the middle class, experiences, characters’ displays, and cultures. Finally, the discussion proves that the new genre is enlivened by the common people and eternal survivors of the 21st century.

Exploring energy citizenship in the urban heating system with the ‘Walking with Energy’ methodology

BackgroundEnergy citizenship has emerged as a concept which attempts to capture the new role envisaged for urban citizens as engaged and active in the energy transition. However, exactly how to successfully engage energy citizens requires more research and this article aims to contribute to this knowledge gap. The article presents a new methodology, ‘Walking with Energy’, which seeks to (re)connect citizens with where their energy is coming from. By experimenting with the application of this method in the UK and Sweden, we consider how viewing and talking about heating provision, while in the energy landscape, can encourage participants to reflect upon their local, mundane energy experiences and foster a greater sense of energy citizenship and greater motivation to engage with debates around heating transition.ResultsThe article presents four different events: (1) a physical walk to an energy recovery facility, (2) a walk to view a building’s heat exchanger, (3) a round-table discussion using pictures to communicate in a language café, and (4) a virtual tour around an Energy Recovery Facility. The way we conducted the events influenced who engaged, for example: the walk through a heat facility and the walk to visit a heat exchanger in the basement of a University building tended to attract white middle-class people, while the virtual tour attracted a more mixed audience in terms of age and background, but most had a strong environmental interest. The language café targeted immigrants. The different events resulted in many similar reflections, but there was also variation. For example, the walk through the heat facility generated the most focused and least diverse reflections, while the event focussed on the heat exchanger opened up a wide range of issues for discussion.ConclusionsWe find that the method encouraged the sharing of personal experiences, storytelling, and deepened the engagement of participants with debates about energy. The method can help promote energy democracy and boost a deliberative dialogue about present and future energy systems among citizens. We also learnt that promotion of energy citizenship requires not only active citizens but also active facilitation to create opportunities for citizens to engage and reflect.

Generic Drug Development and Current Scenario

Drugs or medicines are those which are used for treatment, diagnosis, mitigation and prevention of diseases. But it’s very expensive. Not or all but for lower- and middle-class people taking treatment is very difficult because of the cost of the medicines. Many deaths are caused because the patient cannot afford the cost of the medicines. The entry of generic medicines in market brought a revolutionary change in healthcare system and the market share is continuously increasing. In the present scenario generic drugs have an important role in pharmaceutical market. Generic drugs are bioequivalent to brand drugs and are much cheaper as compared to brand drugs because of no R&D cost and minimum marketing expenses.This review presents considerations which can be employed during the development of a semisolid topical generic product. This includes a discussion on the implementation of quality by design concepts during development to ensure the generic drug product has similar desired quality attributes to the reference-listed drug (RLD) and ensure batch to batch consistency through commercial production.