Microsporum Fulvum Research Articles

Bioactive constituents of Homalomena aromatica essential oil and its antifungal activity against dermatophytes and yeasts

Homalomena aromatica rhizomes are rich source of essential oils, which have been attributed for various medicinal uses. In the present investigation, essential oil from H.aromatica rhizomes was isolated and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Fifty-five chemical constituents were reported from H.aromatica rhizomes of which T-muurolol (5.32%), viridiflorol (3.69%), α-selinene (2.19%), M-cymene (2.19%) and γ-Muurolene (1.81%) were identified and reported for the first time. Other major components were identified as linalool (62.5%), terpene-4-ol (7.08%), δ-cadinene (5.57%), α-cadinol (3.71%) and spatulenol (1.81%). H.aromatica rhizome essential oil showed high antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichosporon beigelii and Candida albicans.

Antagonism of Microsporum species by soil fungi

Eighteen fungi isolated from soil by hair bating method were tested against soil inhabiting Microsporum equinum, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum racemosum for their antagonistic interactions. Colony inhibition during dual cultures showed inhibition of all the four Microsporum species. The maximum inhibition of M. equinum, M. fulvum, M. gypseum and M. racemosum was caused by Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Chrysosporium tropicum, Curvularia lunata and Chrysosporium lucknowense in dual cultures. On the other hand, M. fulvum showed maximum inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina (70.1%) while M. equinum, M. gypseum and M. racemosum showed maximum inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides. Staling products of C. lucknowense accelerated growth of all Microsporum species, C. keratinophilum 3 and Chrysosporium evolceaunui and M. phaseolina accelerated growth of two species of Microsporum. Staling product of Alternaria alternata was most inhibitory. Culture filtrates of Trichophyton vanbreseughemii accelerated the growth of all the four Microsporum species and C. tropicum, C. lucknowense accelerated growth of two species, while Botryotrichum piluliferum accelerated growth of three species of Microsporum. Volatiles showed inhibition of all the Microsporum species ranging from 0.33 to 57.2% except in case of M. fulvum. Lysis of Microsporum mycelium was the most common feature.

English

Microbiological quality of some brands of intravenous fluids produced by some pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria was investigated. Membrane filtration method was used for concentration of contaminating organisms in the intravenous fluids. Thioglycollate medium, Tryptone Soya broth, Brilliant Green Agar, Pseudomonas medium, Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Nutrient agar and Saboraud dextrose agar were the media used for the isolation and differentiation of the microbial species. Rabbitory method was used for Pyrogen test. Out of 160 samples analyzed, 14 (8.25%) were contaminated and remaining 146 (91.75%) were found sterile. The result of pyrogen test showed that 58 (36.25%) of the samples were pyrogenic. Dextrose (5%), peritoneal dialysis and Normal saline were free of detectable microbial species. Contaminating organisms in Dextrose Saline are Microsporum fulvum and Aspergillussp. In Half strength Darrow’s Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aspergillussp. were detected. In Half strength Darrow’s, Full strength Darrow’s and Ringer Lactate, the contaminating bacterial species include K. pneumoniae, M. fulvum,Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.   Key words: Intravenous fluids, sterile pharmaceuticals.

Microsporum gypseumcomplex in man and animals

Twenty-eight strains of the Microsporum gypseum complex isolated from humans and animals were studied. The perfect form was found for 25 of the isolates. Nannizzia incurvata was the species most frequently involved in human pathology, while Nannizzia gypsea was most frequently found on animal lesions. Nannizzia fulva was rarely involved pathologically and Nannizzia corniculata was not isolated during this study. It is surprising to note that this species was not found even though most of our strains (22/28) came from Africa. Reliable methods are not available for differentiating among the anamorphs, which are commonly called M. gypseum, Microsporum fulvum or Microsporum boullardii. The Sabouraud medium conventionally used for medical mycology makes almost no distinction among them. We found that the species could be easily distinguished by colonial and microscopic features when grown on Takashio medium. When strains are atypical, sexual reproduction remains the reference technique but, in most cases, Takashio medium makes it possible to avoid this long drawn-out procedure.

Studies on the pharmacological activity of amazonian euphorbiaceae

Plant material from 34 Amazonian species of the family Euphorbiaceae were collected and extracts prepared. Sixteen of these species have a documented use as a medicinal agent. The extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; the yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans; the dermatophytic fungi, Microsporum canis, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton gallinae; the viruses, Sindbis virus and murine cytomegalovirus; and tumours induced on potato discs by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. They were also examined for their toxicity to brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The results are discussed with respect to ethnobotanical information available for some of the species.

A survey of dermatophytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1979 to 1981 with chronological listings of worldwide incidence of five dermatophytes often isolated in the United States.

A survey of dermatophytes isolated from patients seeking medical advice was made from 1979 to 1981 in the United States. The survey included 54 locations with data from 40 cities and 2 states. Correlations of these data with that of the other localities of the world were made to illustrate the dynamic epidemiology of several common dermatophytes. The most often isolated dermatophyte in this survey was Trichophyton rubrum having 53.66% of the total for these three calendar years. In a chronological listing of ringworm infections caused by this organism, many areas of the world have reported similar increased incidence of this pathogen. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated 27.85% of the total. A dramatic increase of this pathogen as a cause of tinea capitis has been observed in most cities of the United States. It has been isolated in 25 different countries of the world. The percentage of isolation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was 8.56%. This percentage may not be near the true incidence of infection by this dermatophyte because the infections are mild and respond to treatment without the individual seeking medical advice. Since the 1950s the percentage of isolations of the total has dropped for T. mentagrophytes in the United States. Epidermophyton floccosum accounted for 4.36% of the total. In a few areas of the world it causes over 30% of the total of dermatophytoses. Microsporum canis was isolated 3.72% of the total in the United States. It has recently been reported to be the dominant agent of tinea capitis in several South American countries, Tucson, Arizona and Kuwait. Once the dominant pathogen of tinea capitis in children in the United States, it was replaced by Microsporum audouinii before 1960. Today in the United States, M. audouinii only accounts for 0.30% of the total. It is considered eliminated as a pathogen in England. In this survey, isolated less than 1.0% of the total were Microsporum gypseum. Microsporum ferrugineum , Microsporum nanum , Microsporum fulvum and Trichophyton schoenleinii . Trichophyton meginii and Trichophyton terrestre were reported isolated but no numerical data were available.

Antifungal agents. 4. Chemical modification of antibiotics from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum. Ester and amide analogues of ambruticin.

A series of ester and amide analogues of ambruticin (1) was prepared. The analogues were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Structure-activity relationships are described.

Antifungal agents. 5. Chemical modification of antibiotics from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum. Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin.

Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin (1) were prepared. The analogues were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Structure-activity relationships are described. Increasing the bulk of substituent at C1 and C5 reduces antifungal activity.

The Germination of the Fuseaux of Microsporum Fulvum

The Germination of the Fuseaux of Microsporum Fulvum

The Effect of Gelatin and Collagenous Tissue on Dermatophyte Growth

In 1951, Johnson and Grimm (1), reporting on the amino acid requirements of Microsporum fulvum, noted that hydroxyproline inhibited the growth of this organism when added to a basic medium containing 18 other amino acids. Earlier, Robbins and McVeigh (2) and Archibald and Reiss (3) had also noted the inhibitory effect of hydroxyproline on the growth of other dermatophytes under certain conditions. On the other hand, a variety of contaminant nonpathogenic fungi as well as pathogenic fungi causing deep mycoses were not similarly inhibited by this amino acid. Rothman (4), furthermore, pointed out that hydroxyproline is the only amino acid among the amino acids occurring in cell proteins which is not present in keratin of human hair (5) and speculated that possibly the absence of hydroxyproline from keratins is the basis for a reasonable explanation of why pathogenic Hyphomycetes are obligate parasites of keratinized materials and do not enter living cells. Our present study was initiated in order to investigate this ingenious hypothesis.

Microsporosis Due to Microsporum Fulvum

The infrequency of microsporosis due to Microsporum fulvum in the United States, and particularly in the midwest, has been noted by Moore and Conrad (1). The initial identification of Microsporum fulvum was recorded by Uriburu in Argentina in 1909 (2); subsequent reports have appeared from other South American countries, Hungary, Germany, Canada and New York (3).

Kerion caused by Trichophyton sulfureum; report of a case.

KERION as a clinical manifestation of dermatomycosis is described as a highly inflamed, boggy or carbunculoid lesion affecting chiefly the scalp of children or the bearded region of men. The commonest cause of kerion is Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Trichophyton gypseum) and several of its varieties. This is a fungus of animal origin, or of the zoophilic type as classified by Wise and Sulzberger. 1 A number of genera and species of the dermatophytes both of the zoophilic and anthropophilic groups may produce kerion. Among these may be listed, in addition to T. mentagrophytes, the organisms Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum (Microsporum fulvum), Trichophyton tonsurans (Trichophyton crateriforme), Trichophyton epilans (Trichophyton plicatile), Trichophyton violaceum, trichophyton of the niveum type and Achorion (Trichophyton) schoenleinii. In addition to kerion of the beard of men, there may develop lesions on hairy arms, wrists or thighs which have all the characteristics of

The Routine Cultural Identification of Microsporum Ringworm of the Scalp

The Routine Cultural Identification of Microsporum Ringworm of the Scalp

THE SPORES OF DERMATOPHYTES

The dermatophytes of Canada at present number eight well-established species. On the basis of the morphology of the macroconidium (agreed to be the most valuable taxonomic criterion for dermatophytes) it is suggested that Microsporum fulvum be re-established as a species, and that an Alberta strain of Trichophyton, previously described, be given species rank and the name T. Otae. Criteria for species identification other than spore morphology are evaluated. Spores of T. gypseum are readily obtained on fertile hens' eggs, oidia upon the living chorioallantoic membrane, macro- and microconidia upon the same tissue after death. Macroconidia are produced no more abundantly on the egg than on standard media.

XC.—MICROSPOROSIS OF THE SCALP CAUSED BY MICROSPORUM FULVUM

The infrequency of microporosis due to Microsporum fulvum in the United States, and particularly in the midwest, warrants the report of the following case. REPORT OF CASE N. R., a boy aged 4 years, entered the dermatologic clinic of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital on Dec. 19, 1939, with a sore on the scalp, which, the child's mother stated, had been present for a week and showed a gradual increase in size. Examination showed a circular patch of dermatitis with some alopecia and short, broken-off hairs (fig. 1). The involved area was mildly hyperemic, slightly raised above the surface of the surrounding skin and approximately 3.5 cm. in diameter. The lesion consisted of discrete and confluent papules, which were covered with grayish scales. Scrapings from the lesion and some of the short, broken-off hairs were examined microscopically. They showed filaments and chains of spores, particularly the freshly infected

Ensaios de Mycologia

Morphologically the fungus reminds one of the Microsporum species of man. The microscopic elements are: the shape of the mycelia within the hairs, size and disposition of spores intercalar and terminal chlamydospores, simple clusters, hyphae, pectinate and denticulate elements. Of the 17 species of Microsporum described up to now, none can be identified with Microsporum circuluscentrum. The microsporum described is of the pure-by human type. (Culture fairly vivacious, almost total absence of spindles.) Microscopically at first sight the culture might be taken for Microsporum fulvum URIBURU 1917 or for M. felineum. These are however from animals. The bean shaped culture on potatoes leaves a place apart for it among Microsporum fungi. The anomalous elements seen in the cultures are also found in other species of Microsporum. Besides the pseudo-perithecia described and interpreted I must mention that the pseudo-nodular organs are not an exception among these fungi, for Microsporum fulvum also shows what writers have described as nodular organs. The spiral elements are also not exclusive features of the trichophytes. Microsporum tardum also shows quite characteristic spiral forms.