Nickel-based superalloy workpieces strengthened by rolling process are widely used in the aviation field. However, there remains a need for further investigation into the influence of rolling parameters on the micro-plastic deformation of nickel-based superalloys. In this study, we establish micro-rolling and analysis models to investigate the impact of rolling parameters on nickel-based superalloy single crystals. We delve into the micro-effects of rolling depth, rolling speed, roller rotation speed, and roller radius. The micro-analysis model elucidates the influence mechanism of rolling parameters on nickel-based superalloy single crystals. The research methods and findings offer a novel microscopic perspective and approach for studying the strengthening of nickel-based superalloys through rolling. Additionally, they provide a microscopic theoretical foundation for optimizing rolling parameters.