Microorganism Profile Research Articles

Aligned Magnetohydrodynamics and Thermal Radiation Effects on Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Over Vertical Plate with Nanoparticles Shape Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

Nowadays, challenges in development of heat transfer for various engineering fields including heat exchangers, electronics, chemical and bio-industry and others are crucial. Ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNF) as a new heat transfer liquids can be considered as effective medium for increment of heat and energy transport. In the case of THNF when three nanoparticles are added in the based fluid to enhance the transport processes. Dissimilar to the nanofluids (NF) and hybrid nanofluids (HNF) model that considers two types of nanoparticles, this studied consider the three types of nanoparticles in this work which are Aluminium Oxide (AI2O3), Copper (Cu), and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) with different shapes containing gyrotactic microorganisms. The objective is to find the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and radiation to the steady of THNF flow past the vertical plate. The mathematical model has been formulated based on a combination Tiwari-Das and Buongiorno nanofluids model. The governing flow and heat transfer equations are simplified to the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the adaptation of conventional similarity transformations which are then evaluated by the bvp4c solver (MATLAB) to generate the numerical solutions. The solutions are visually represented through graphs and table to be easily observed. The results indicated that the effect of magnetic field parameter decrease the velocity and contrary in concentration, and microorganism profile while the temperature is increased in magnetic but contrary in radiation parameter . The concentration and density microorganism of THNF is increase with higher value in and but decrease in velocity and temperature. The spherical nanoparticle shape has a higher density, causing the skin friction of THNF to be lower compared to NF and HNF.

Investigation of Magneto Hydrodynamics Properties of Reiner–Philippoff Nanofluid with Gyrotactic Microorganism in a Porous Medium

Investigation of Magneto Hydrodynamics Properties of Reiner–Philippoff Nanofluid with Gyrotactic Microorganism in a Porous Medium Nanofluids have many potential applications in engineering, medicine, and biotechnology due to their enhanced thermal, electrical, and optical properties. However, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are influenced by various factors, such as the type and size of nanoparticles, the base fluid, the magnetic field, the radiation, the chemical reaction, and the presence of microorganisms. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of these factors on the nanofluid flow and heat transfer using mathematical models and numerical methods. One of the mathematical models that can describe the nanofluid flow is the Reiner-Philippoff model, which is a classical non-Newtonian fluid model that accounts for the shear-thinning behaviour of some fluids. The Reiner-Philippoff model has been used to study the nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet, which is a simplified model of many industrial processes involving stretching or shrinking surfaces. However, most of the previous studies have neglected the effects of the Arrhenius reaction, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and bio-convection on the nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The objective of this paper is to fill this gap by conducting a numerical investigation of the effects of the Arrhenius reaction, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and bio-convection on a Reiner-Philippoff nanofluid of MHD flow through a stretching sheet. This also considers the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion, which are two mechanisms that govern the transport of nanoparticles in nanofluids. The article utilized a similarity transformation to reduce the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, which are then solved by using the MATLAB computational tool bvp4c technique. The paper also employs a hybrid numerical solution method using Runge-Kutta fourth order with a shooting technique and an optimization technique using the Bayesian regularization method for Runge-Kutta to improve the accuracy of the prediction outcomes. The main finding of this paper is that the Arrhenius reaction, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and bio-convection have significant effects on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism profiles of the nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The paper also discusses how these effects can be controlled by varying the relevant parameters. This provides graphical results for the profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganisms for different values of these parameters. The study also compares its results with some existing results in the literature and finds good agreement.

Darcy-Forchheimer chemically reactive bidirectional flow of nanofluid with magneto-bioconvection and Cattaneo-Christov properties

Since the last two decades, researchers have paid significant attention to nanofluid because of their high rates of thermal conduction. Due to the widespread usage of these materials in several types of thermal transport devices, including nuclear reactor cooling, car generators, petrochemicals, industrial heating and cooling needs, as well as heat transfer technology. Applications for non-Newtonian liquid can be found in a wide range of fields, notably chemical nuclear reactor, paper manufacturing, petroleum engineering, processes, food processing, geophysics, biological sciences and many others. To determine the properties at different shear rates When the shear rate is significantly increased, a cross fluid model was developed to help with the difficulty. Main theme of existing work is to scrutinize the magneto-bioconvection aspects for 3D nonlinear material with triple stratification phenomenon. Additionally, we have examined heat-mass efficacy utilizing time-dependent thermal relaxation phenomenon and Buongiorno nanofluid model. It has been proposed that the horizontal stretching sheet has been inserted in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Features of magnetohydrodynamics and activation energy are considered in cross fluid model. Furthermore, to improving the fluid's thermal properties, the combination of microorganisms (microbes) in nanofluids also causes the flow to be stable. With the implantation of similarity variables, we have transformed non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs. Utilizing bvp4c scheme (MATLAB pregame), the governing system of ODEs are solved. The tabular and graphical representations are used to illustrate the results. By raising the concentration relaxation and Brownian motion parameters, a considerable decrease in concentration profile is seen. The development of thermal Biot number and Forchheimer number approximations has advanced the temperature field, which is an interesting observation. The fluid's microorganism profile is assumed to be deteriorating based on Lb and δ1.

The effects of rosemary essential oil supplementation on growth performance, rumen flora and antioxidant blood parameters in growing Merino lambs

Thirty-two male growing Merino lambs (78 ± 5 days of age) were used in a 45-day randomized complete block desing to determine the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, rumen protozoa population, plasma antioxidant enzyme parameters and fecal microbiology. The control group was fed a diet consisting of concentrate and alfalfa hay. The lambs in control group did not receive REO whereas each lamb in experimental groups supplemented with 250 mg/d (R250), 500 mg/d (R500) and 750 mg/d (R750) REO throughout the study. There weren’t statistically differences (P>0.05) in average initial weight, average final weight, live weight gain, average daily gain, daily feed intake, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio between the control and experimental groups. There were also no differences (P>0.05) in the rumen pH, fecal pH, NH3N and rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile of the control and experimental groups. At the end of the study, although the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) value increased significantly (P<0.05) in the experimental groups (R500 and R750), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase values did not differ between REO groups and control. In addition, the fecal microorganism profile did not differ statistically (P>0.05) between the control and experimental groups. The results of this study show that the addition of REO to Merino lamb rations is more effective on antioxidant parameters than on performance parameters and can be used as a natural antioxidant product

A novel computational investigation for EMHD gold nanofluids in an asymmetric inclined ciliated microchannel

The advancement in bio nanotechnology due to its enormous application in the field of biomedical, for instance in drug delivery systems, in vitro assessment, in bioimaging, cure of cancer tumor, laser therapy has emerged as burning topic among many researchers. Gold nanomaterials can be mingled in multiple shapes and dimensions. Because of having such significant features, gold nonmaterial can transmute excellently, heal the infected cells, and finish them. A EMHD gold-blood nanofluid transport characteristics in asymmetric vessel under the influence of ciliary mechanism that produces a metachronal rhythm is investigated. The pertinent equations of flow dynamics are encountered by relying on low Reynolds and long wavelength and Debye-Huckel simplifications. A computation study is carried out in MATLAB with novel BVP4C methodology. Impact of relevant parameters on flow dynamics thoroughly interrogated with the aid pictorial illustrations. It has been revealed the shape factor of Gold nanofluids really effect the flow dynamics in a ciliated microchannel and it has been established that Brick shape nanofluid has higher fluid velocity in comparison to platelets and cylindrical shaped nanofluid. The axial velocity experiences surge in the bulk flow regime of ciliary vessels for rising electroosmosis phenomena. Also, it can be concluded that nanoparticles temperature concentration, and microorganism profile surges with enhanced Brownian phenomena and turnaround is experienced for temperature ratio parameter.

Heat and mass transfer phenomenon and aligned entropy generation with simultaneous effect for magnetized ternary nanoparticles induced by ferro and nano-layer fluid flow of porous disk subject to motile microorganisms

This articles focus the dynamics of fluid conveying ternary solid particles, nano-layer, and magnetic field effects subject to porous disks. The magnetized ternary nanoparticles induced by Ferro and nano-layer are considered due to their unusual characteristics like extraordinary thermal conductivity, which are significant in advanced nanotechnology, heat exchangers, material sciences, and electronics. To avoid possible sedimentation of tiny particles, the motile microorganisms are also considered in the elaborated fluid problem. The main objective of this comprehensive study is the enhancement of heat transportation. In this study, we also investigate the physical dynamics of entropy generation, particularly emphasizing viscous dissipation related to joule heating effects. The mass transfer equation was employed to monitor the chemical interaction with diverse nanoparticles. The results of comparative and numerical validation agree well. The approach of stable and accurate numerical boundary value problem of fourth order code (bvp4c) is applied to solve the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. Many useful engineering results are summarized here, including the skin friction coefficient ( C f ) , Nusselt number (Nu), Sherwood number (Sh), and motile number (Nn). For both porous disks, several non-dimensional parameter effects are depicted graphically and tabulated. The results show that the increasing the number of nanolayer particles slows the rate of the temperature profile in both porous disks, associated with the expansion ratio, Reynolds number, and magnetic field number. Moreover, increasing the values of the density ratio number results in an increase in the flow of microorganisms profile in both porous disks. Increasing the values of the diffusivity parameters and the temperature difference enhances the flow of entropy generation.

Analysis of second grade nanofluid flow confined by lubricated disk with bioconvection

Thermal mechanism of non-Newtonian nanofluid coated by lubricated power law material has been theoretically worked out. The slip interaction constraints have been proposed for inspecting the thermal transport. The concept of microorganism is utilized to achieve the stabilization of the suspension of nanoparticles. The rheological constraints of nonlinear model are observed by second grade fluid. The flow phenomenon is governed by stagnation point flow. The second-grade (SG) axisymmetric bio-convective nanofluid flow across a moving surface is considered. The flow equations are simplified by the implementation of compatible similarity transformations. The resulting system is solved numerically and analytically by using a hybrid homotopy technique. With the use of a graph and tabular data, the importance of influencing parameters in relation to the velocity field, motile density microorganism’s, temperature and concentration profiles is investigated. The thermal profile is observed to be lowering with higher Prandtl number values. There is a noticeable drop in concentration and thermal profiles against higher viscoelastic parameter values. The microorganism profile is lower in the presence of bio-convected Lewis number. Moving from Newtonian fluid to non-Newtonian fluid, a decrease in motile organism and Nusselt number.

Impact of chemical processes on magnetized tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with bio-convection aspects

The study of nanofluids has remarkable uses for researchers because of their fascinating implications in medication delivery, biotechnology, aerodynamic procedures, food privilege, nanotechnology, cool atomic reactors, chemotherapy, next generation film collectors and many more. Currently, the bioconvection technology is measured as a necessary procedure with suppressed compensation in bio-fuel, bio-technology, medical sciences, enzymes, bio-reactors, petroleum chamber machinery, nano-drug delivery, etc. The foremost plan of this exploration is to evaluate the influence of magnetohydrodynamics 3-dimensional flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganism through a linear stretching surface. Furthermore, the impressions of mixed convection, Joule heating along with viscous dissipation are as well a part of our research. The analytical expression of tangent hyperbolic liquid flow provides the governing non-linear partial differential equations; a proper transformation is used to transmit this system of equations in ordinary differential equations. To find out the numerical solution, the dimensionless equations are determined by means of BVP4C technique in MATLAB. The influences of miscellaneous substantial parameters on temperature, concentration along with motile microorganisms are accomplished by means of graphs. It can be observed that the heat transfer profile of tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid escalates by increasing the approximations of Eckert number, heat sink/source and power law index factor. A conflicting behavior is observed for Brownian motion parameter, stretching rate parameter along with Schmidt number in concentration profile. Furthermore, Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number have decreasing impacts for microorganism profile. These nano fluid models with gyrotactic microorganisms are implemented in biodiesel fabrication, heat control systems, food factories, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, thermal exchangers, waste water treatment plant aero dynamical systems, and fundamental sustainable energy resources.

Arrhenius activation energy effect in thermally viscous dissipative flow of micropolar material with gyrotactic microorganisms

The rheology of micropolar material with heat energy transport features is fully progressive, which allows considerable industrial and engineering applications. In this study, numerical analysis is presented to examine the micro-rotation characteristics of magnetized micropolar fluid flow towards the stagnation point region on a porous shrinking surface with gyrotactic microorganisms. To describe the convective energy transport features, Arrehenius activation energy, thermal radiation, Ohmic, and viscous dissipation effects are taken into consideration. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity variables. The physical features of flow constraints are displayed and explained for velocity, thermal and solutal distributions, microorganism profile, as well as friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate. The results revealed that suction strength contributes to the increment of friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate, but the boosted values of the micropolar parameter lower the values of these physical quantities. For a specific range of the shrinking parameter, analysis confirmed the persistence of non-uniqueness solutions. Further, the microorganism profile declines as the bioconvection Lewis number and the bioconvection Peclet number increases. Additionally, according to time-dependent stability analysis, only the upper branch of solutions is physically stable, while the lower branch is not physically.

Non-similar analysis of MHD bioconvective nanofluid flow on a stretching surface with temperature-dependent viscosity

In this research, we explore the potential of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective nanofluids with varying viscosity through non-similarity analysis, aiming to enhance the thermal performance of biological and industrial systems. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in energy applications, motivating our investigation. To enhance heat transfer, we employ propylene glycol as the base liquid, incorporating silicon dioxide and molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials. This unique configuration enables efficient heat dissipation and accommodates inner heat sources or sinks. Our model relies on partial differentials, and we derive a non-similar dimensionless representation of the governing system using appropriate transformations. We utilize ordinary differential equations (ODEs), approximating local non-similarity (LNS), to estimate transformed non-similar partial differential equations (PDEs). Numerical simulations are performed using the bvp4c algorithm. Throughout our analysis, we present various physical parameters, demonstrating their importance in fluid flow and thermal transport through graphical and tabular representations. Our findings show that alterations in the magnetic parameter lead to changes in fluid velocity and temperature profiles. Similarly, adjustments in the viscosity parameter affect fluid velocity, and variations in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter influence velocity profiles, with temperature profiles responding to changes in the Brinkman number and heat source parameter. Additionally, we observe concentration profile adjustments with shifts in the Schmidt number and enhanced migration of particles or components within the nanofluid with rising Soret numbers, impacting the concentration profile. Furthermore, an increased Peclet number positively influences microorganism profiles, while the Lewis number exhibits contrasting behavior. To further validate our approach, we present comparative analyses of skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers in tabular form. Our primary objective in this study is to formulate non-similar transformations tailored to the specific problem under consideration. These transformations aim to produce accurate and efficient results, providing valuable insights for future research endeavors in the field of nanofluid flows.

Analysis of bio-nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with slip boundaries

A viscous, incompressible, micropolar bio-nanofluid flowing across a stretching sheet in three dimensions while being driven to convect several slip boundaries in the presence of a magnetic field was studied. With the assistance of the relevant transformations, a mathematical model is presented. The finite difference method numerically solves the converted non-linear ordinary differential equations. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to examine the impact of governing parameters on dimensionless velocity, micro-rotation, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, microorganisms, and heat transfer rate. The findings of this investigation showed a strong correlation when compared to previous studies, indicating a high level of agreement and consistency between the results. The study's conclusions indicate that the velocity profile increases with higher values of λ and δ, while it decreases with higher values of A, δv, and M. The micro-rotation profile F(η) drops as the spin gradient viscosity parameter rises, but G(η) increases. The temperature profile decreases with higher Prandtl numbers but increases with higher thermophoresis parameters. The concentration profile decreases with higher Schmidt numbers and Brownian motion parameters. The microorganism profile increases with higher Peclet numbers and microorganism slip parameters but decreases with higher bio-convection Schmidt numbers. Lastly, the local Nusselt number grows with increasing values of the stretching parameter λ.

Bioconvection flow of Prandtl–Eyring nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms

AbstractThis work presents a theoretical numerical study of the bioconvection flow of Prandtl–Eyring nanofluid through a stretching cylinder with gyrotactic microorganisms. The mathematical model developed also incorporated the inclined magnetic field and heat generation effects. Further, stratification conditions are considered at the boundary of the stretched cylinder. The described flow problem conducting coupled high‐order partial differential equations (PDEs) is first reduced to the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by introducing suitable mathematical transformations. The resulting highly nonlinear flow equations are treated numerically by applying the shooting method. A comparison of the adapted method with previously reported data is also made to validate the presented results. The comparisons are in excellent agreement. The individual effect of controlling flow parameters/numbers on the flow profiles and physical quantities of engineering interest are represented graphically with physical descriptions. The significant results of the present analysis revealed that a rise in bioconvection Rayleigh number, thermal Grashof number, and angle of inclination boosts the velocity profile. The study shows that thermal stratification, mass stratification, and motile density stratification parameters diminish the temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles, respectively. The nondimensional Sherwood number is decelerated significantly by thermophoresis and mass stratification parameters.

Stratified thermosolutal aspects in magnetized 3D tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow contained oxytactic moment microorganisms

The assessment of non-Newtonian fluids has fascinated much research interest over the last few decenniums. The investigations of these liquids are promoted by their applications in manufacturing areas like plastic thawing, material dispensation, polymeric liquids, nuclear plants and toxin, biochemical engineering, pharma product, mechanical applications and food industry. In this work, we have addressed the significance of bioconvection analysis for magnetized Tangent Hyperbolic nanofluid capturing features of gyrotactic moment of microorganisms and radiation phenomenon. The impacts of MHD are deliberated in momentum equation whereas in energy equation the aspects of thermal radiation are studied. We familiarized the chemical reaction term in concentration equation for convalescing the mass transfer. Since, our governing equations appear in form of partial differential equations. These partial differential equations are nonlinear, by using suitable similarity transformations these equations can be converted into ordinary differential equations. To obtained numerical solution, the simplified mathematical framework can be processed by using the Bvp4c a MATLAB program. The physical nature can be disclosed by computation of heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, density of microbe for temperature, concentration as well as microorganism respectively. The thermophoresis parameter boosts for both temperature and concentration profile, while Brownian motion parameter has a contradicting tendency for temperature and concentration profile. The magnetic parameter and power law index parameter have opposite behaviour for the microorganism profile. This research analysis has numerous applications in biomedical engineering, biomechanics, food factories, heat control systems, thermal exchangers and aero dynamical systems.

Significance of binary chemical reaction with activation energy in magneto-bioconvection flow of a Powell Eyring nanofluid past an inclined stretching sheet by considering temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity

ABSTRACT In this paper, an unsteady magneto-bioconvection flow of Powell Eyring nanofluid over an inclined stretching sheet in the presence of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity with multiple slip effects has been investigated numerically. The binary chemical reaction with activation energy, viscous dissipation and nonlinear thermal radiation effects are included in this study. The fluid viscosity and the thermal conductivity are assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The basic governing equations are solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta Felhberg method after using similarity transformation. The impact of bioconvection and important physical parameters on profiles of velocity and temperature of nanofluid and nanoparticles concentration, the density of motile microorganisms are analyzed graphically. Findings reveal that the velocity profile decreased by increasing the Powell Eyring fluid parameter values, whereas the temperature distribution depicts the opposite trend. The temperature profile increased with an increment of thermal conductivity parameter, whereas the opposite trends are found for Eckert number. The trend of the graph of temperature profile and nanoparticle concentration profile declined with an increment of the temperature slip parameter. Also, the nanoparticle concentration profile and density of microorganism profile decreased with an increment of activation energy parameter and chemical reaction parameter. The scope of the present investigation can be related to the advanced nanomechanical bioconvection energy conversion devices and bio-nanocoolant systems, among other relevant things.

Clinical Efficiency of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Sputum for Pathogen Detection of Patients with Pneumonia According to Disease Severity and Host Immune Status.

Severe pneumonia causes the highest mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to investigate the pathogen diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using sputum sample in patients with pneumonia according to patients' disease severity and immune conditions. A total of 180 patients suffering from pneumonia were recruited, and sputum samples were collected in duplicate for pathogen detection by both conventional microbiological tests (CMT) and mNGS. Then, the performance of pathogen identification was examined between two methods, according to disease severity and patients' immune status. In comparison to CMT, mNGS had higher positivity rates in all patients with pneumonia (85.0% vs 62.2%, P=9.445e-07). The most commonly detected microorganism in sputum of pneumonia patients was Acinetobacter baumannii (42/180, 23.3%) in bacterum level, Candida albicans in fungus level (44/180, 24.4%), and Human herpesvirus 1 (39/180, 27.5%) in virus level. However, for mNGS results, Candida albicans in 34.9% of positive patients, and Human herpesvirus 1 in 7.7% of positive cases were confirmed as pathogens causing pneumonia. Acinetobacter baumannii detected by mNGS in 75% of positive patients was diagnosed as pathogen of pneumonia. The microorganism profile of sputum mNGS differed according to disease severity and immune status of patients. Pneumocystis jirovecii was more likely to infect immunocompromised patients (P=0.002). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.8% vs 0.0%, P=0.008) and Human herpesvirus 1 (26.1% vs 5.3%, P=0.004) had higher infection rate in patients with severe pneumonia compared with non-severe cases. mNGS had overwhelming advantages over CMT in detecting a lot of microorganisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and majority of viruses. mNGS is a complementary tool of CMT for detecting suspected pathogens for patients with lower respiratory infections. The interpretation of opportunistic pathogens identified by mNGS is challenging, and needs comprehensive consideration of sequencing data and clinical factors.

In vitro ruminal fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations verify the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers: potential to promote health in dairy cows.

There are differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome when the host undergoes different physical or pathological conditions. However, the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers to potentially promote the health of dairy cows needs to be studied. Further, the development of next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle health promotion has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we identified the microbiome and metabolome biomarkers associated with healthy cows. We analyzed the relationships of the ruminal microorganism profile and metabolites between healthy and mastitis lactating dairy cows. The roles of bacterial biomarker were further verified by in vitro fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Two species, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, and six rumen metabolites were positively correlated with healthy cows by Spearman's correlation analysis. Through in vitro ruminal fermentation, inoculating R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum showed the upregulation of the levels of putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal in the mastitis ruminal fluid, which confirmed the inter-relationships between these microbiota and metabolites associated with healthy cows. Further, we verified the role of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum in promoting health by FMT. The administration of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum reduced the death rate and recovered the bodyweight loss of germ-free mice caused by FMT mastitis feces. We provided evidence that the bacterial biomarkers alter downstream metabolites. This could indirectly indicate that the two bacterial biomarkers have the potential to be used as next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle, although it needs more evidence to support our hypothesis. Two species, R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum, with three metabolites, putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal, identified in the ruminal fluid, may point to a new health-promoting and disease-preventing approach for dairy cattle.

Heat and Mass Transfer of CNTs Blood-based Casson Nanoliquids MHD Flow over a Rotating Stretchable Disk with Magnetic Field and Heat Source

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being used in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems, particularly for the medical therapy of cancer. The CNTs are initially infused into the blood, which then travels to the tumour via waves generated by the artery walls in the presence of an outside influence, like a magnetic field. This article analyses the study of heat and mass transmission in a blood-based Casson nanoliquid MHD flow using single-wall (SW) and multi-wall (MW) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a rotating disc with a heat source and magnetic field effects. The suspension of both kinds of carbon nanotubes is accomplished using Casson blood. The spinning and extending of the disc cause the flow to be formed. The controlling nonlinear PDEs are transformed into nonlinear ODEs, and ODEs are resolved using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order approach in MATLAB's bvp4c package. By means of graphical representation, the effects of different model restrictions are highlighted for the following parameters: momentum, energy transport, concentration, microorganism profiles, drag coefficient, heat and mass transport rates, and motile density number. This study demonstrates that the fluid momentum of a single-walled CNTs-blood Casson nanofluid is relatively less impacted and that the heat profile of this nanofluid is more dominant than that of a multi-walled CNTs-blood nanoliquid. The outcomes further show that with higher levels of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the friction factor and rate of heat transport are improved.

Heat Generation and Thermal Radiation Effects on Magneto Hydrodynamics Non Newtonian Casson Nanofluid with Gyro Tactic Microorganisms Over a Plate, Stagnation and Wedge Through Porous Media

The numerical interventions of two dimensional steady flow of MHD Non-Newtonian nanofluids containing the gyro-tactic microorganisms through porous media over a plate, wedge, and stagnation point are highlighted in this paper. Mainly the Peclet number, bioconvection, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and heat generation impacts are addressed to consolidate thermal and nanofluid concentration conservative equations with passively controlled boundary conditions for three different geometrical conditions of flow over a plate, wedge, and stagnation point. By considering the impacts of the varying pertinent parameters, namely thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, heat generation, chemical reaction, bio convectional and magnetic parameters, results are analysed graphically for the momentum, temperature, nanoparticle volume fractions, and the density of motile microorganisms profile, as well as the local Nusselt and motile microorganism numbers. Relevant similarity transformations are used to obtain the system of ordinary differential equations and the equations are solved numerically by using Bvp4c via MATLAB based on the shooting technique.

Role of bioconvection and activation energy on MHD flow of Maxwell’s nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms in porous media: The Cattaneo–Christov model

This study examines and analyzes the impact of MHD and bioconvection on Maxwell’s nanofluid flow in a porous medium that contains gyrotactic microorganisms. In addition, more study on chemically reactive activation energy and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is conducted, and the conclusions from this research are presented. The bioconvection flow of Maxwell nanofluids over a stretched sheet is presented by highly nonlinear partial differential equations, which are reduced to ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. A shooting method based on the Runge–Kutta technique is used to overcome the issue. The outcomes are graphically represented and explored numerically in detail for the relevant parameters’ impact on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganisms profiles. Results reveal that the velocity profile is decreased by increasing the magnetic parameter, while those enhanced by the mixed convection parameters. The thermal boundary thickness and temperature profile negatively correlate with the thermal relaxation time and Prandtl number and are proportional to the magnetic parameter. Boosting the Brownian motion parameter, Deborah number, and thermophoresis parameter improves heat transport. The activation energy and Prandtl parameters show an upward trend in concentration profiles. The density of the motile microorganisms is a decreasing function of Lewis and Peclet numbers.

Statistical and computational analysis on bioconvective MHD Oldroyd-B fluid over a flat surface

This study aims to discover the application of bioconvection and heat absorption or omission aspect of 2D incompressible MHD Oldroyd-B nanofluid over the stagnation region. Directed by suitable similarity transformations, the system of PDEs is transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ODEs. The results were made by using Runge–Kutta shooting technique. The Buongiorno model is capitalized while Oldroyd-B model is employed for portraying the viscoelastic behavior of the flow. In order to visualize the impact of relevant parameters on momentum boundary layer, temperature, concentration and microorganism profiles are computed graphically. Numerical outcomes for the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, microorganism number and local skin friction number are calculated for different parametric situations to provide interesting features of the examination. Furthermore, it has been also observed from statistical point that the correlation coefficient of the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, microorganism number and local skin friction number with various parametric situations are highly significant at the [Formula: see text] level of significance ([Formula: see text] for a two-tailed test).