Microecological Disorders Research Articles

Study of vaginal microecological imbalance and endometrial receptivity change in the treatment of female infertility

Objective—To understand the relationship between vaginal microecology and endometrial receptivity, and to explore the clinical effect of adjusting vaginal microecology and improving endometrial receptivity in the treatment of female infertility. Study Design—A total of 60 patients with vaginal microecological disorders and poor endometrial receptivity were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The drug treatment group (n = 30) was treated with lactobacillus preparation for 3 months, and the control group (n = 30) was not treated. Three months later, vaginal microecology and endometrial receptivity were detected again by ultrasound. Results—In the drug treatment group, there were significant differences in pH, density, diversity, vaginal flora, cleanliness, PI, endometrial thickness and endometrial type before and after treatment (P < 0.05).The predominance of Lactobacillus in the vagina can be restored by using Lactobacillus preparations. The application of vaginal Lactobacillus preparation is beneficial to improve endometrial receptivity.

Butyrate ameliorates colorectal cancer through regulating intestinal microecological disorders.

The occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are closely related to intestinal microecological disorders. Butyrate, the representative of short chain fatty acids, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and its antitumor effect has been gradually paid attention to. In this study, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate induced mouse CRC model was used to explore the role and mechanism of butyrate in regulating colon cancer and its intestinal microecological balance. Outcomes exhibited that butyrate alleviated weight loss, disease activity index, and survival in CRC mice and inhibited tumor number and progression. Further research revealed that butyrate restrained the aggregation of harmful while promoting the colonization of beneficial flora, such as Actinobacteriota, Bifidobacteriales and Muribaculacea through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. This study confirmed that butyrate can ameliorate CRC by repairing intestinal microecology, providing ideas and evidence for chemical prophylactic agents, such as butyrate to remedy tumors and regulate tumor microbiota.

The effects of different stress on intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal microecology were discussed based on three typical animal models.

Recent studies have revealed that the effect of intestinal microecological disorders on organismal physiology is not limited to the digestive system, which provides new perspectives for microecological studies and new ideas for clinical diagnosis and prevention of microecology-related diseases. Stress triggers impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier function, which could be duplicated by animal models. In this paper, pathological animal models with high prevalence and typical stressors—corresponding to three major stressors of external environmental factors, internal environmental factors, and social psychological factors, respectively exemplified by burns, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI), and depression models—were selected. We summarized the construction and evaluation of these typical animal models and the effects of stress on the organism and intestinal barrier, as well as systematically discussed the effects of different stresses on the intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal microecology.

Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri S5 Intervention on Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Chickens Challenged with Salmonella enteritidis.

Simple SummaryThe interaction between intestinal microbiota and host plays a key role in the development of intestinal diseases. Salmonella enteritidis infection is a common cause of human gastroenteritis, which can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction and microecological disorder. It is an important public health problem all over the world. Lactic acid bacteria are among the main probiotics in the intestinal microbiota, which is one of the main defense lines against intestinal pathogens. It is now also considered to be an effective alternative antibiotic to fight pathogenic bacterial infections. In order to explore the potential mechanism of lactic acid bacteria against S. enteritidis infection, this study started from the perspective of lactic acid bacteria regulating the intestinal microbiota and the infection of antigenic bacteria. The probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri S5 (L. reuteri S5) was used to establish an animal model of S. enteritidis infection in broilers. The regulatory effect of L. reuteri S5 on the intestinal microbiota structure of chickens infected with S. enteritidis is studied by high throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that L. reuteri S5 could regulate the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota and resist the infection of S. enteritidis.To understand the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria against Salmonella enteritidis infection; we examined how lactic acid bacteria regulated the intestinal microbiota to resist infection by pathogenic bacteria. The probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri S5 was used to construct an animal model of S. enteritidis infected broilers. A high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the regulatory effects of L. reuteri S5 on the structure of the intestinal microbiota of broilers infected with S. enteritidis; and to examine the possible defense mechanism they used. Our results showed that the administration of L. reuteri S5 reduced colonization of S. enteritidis (p < 0.05), decreased intestinal permeability (p < 0.05), and reduced the bacterial displacement likely due by S. enteritidis colonization (p < 0.05), suggesting some enhancement of the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, L. reuteri S5 increased the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the chicken cecal microflora and the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and decreased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. These results suggest that the lactic acid bacterium L. reuteri S5 protected the intestinal microbiota of chickens against S. enteritidis infection.

Development and Evaluation of a Thermosensitive In Situ Gel Formulation for Intravaginal Delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri.

In situ administration of vaginal probiotics has been proposed as an effective prevention strategy against gynecological diseases caused by microecological disorders. In this study, a thermosensitive in situ gel formulation was prepared for intravaginal delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri). The optimized formulation was characterized for the rheological properties, in vitro release properties, and microencapsulation efficiency. The mixtures of poloxamer 407 (26.0% w/w) and 188 (9.0% w/w) produced an increase in gelation extent at 37 °C after dilution in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). The presence of a low concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA, 0.3% w/w) improved the mucoadhesive properties and the capability to gel at 37 °C. Additionally, the viability of L. gasseri encapsulated with alginate or via co-extrusion technique with fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 0.5% w/w) was maintained at 11 log CFU/mL for eight weeks at 4 °C. In conclusion, the evaluation of the in situ thermosensitive gel formulation was shown to be efficacious for intravaginal delivery of L. gasseri with suitable textural and rheological properties.

Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating gut microbiota

• Long-term administration of DHP improved symptoms of UC mice. • DHP improved intestinal mucosal barrier function and reduced inflammation. • DHP regulated intestinal microecological disorders. • DHP effectually restored abnormal metabolism in the intestinal flora of UC mice. The gut microbiota is inextricably linked to ulcerative colitis (UC). The therapeutic effect of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides (DHP) on ulcerative colitis has been confirmed, but whether it acts through the intestinal flora is still unknown. The study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of DHP intervention in UC mice by combining metabolomics of intestinal contents and gut flora analysis. The results showed that DHP alleviated UC symptoms while improving colonic mucosal barrier function and inflammatory manifestations. A total of 12 potential biomarkers were significantly altered in metabolomics concerning tryptophan metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, regulation of sodium reabsorption by aldosterone, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. DHP reversed the abundance of Fusobacteriota , Deferribacterota and Bacteroidetes , and significantly increased Desulfobacteriota . DHP significantly decreased the relative abundance of Clostridioides , while increasing Alistipes , and Rikenella. In conclusion, through metabolomics and 16s RNA sequencing methods, we explored the mechanism of preventive effects of Dendrobium huoshanense on UC.

HPV and vaginal microecological disorders in infertile women: a cross-sectional study in the Chinese population

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the distributions of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes in infertile women and explore the correlations of HPV infection and vaginal microbiome dysbiosis with infertility.MethodsIn total, 1464 women aged 18–50 years were included in this study; 649 participants were included in the infertility group, and 815 participants were included in the normal group. The participants were tested for HPV, and their vaginal microecology was examined. The χ2 test and Spearman regression were used for statistical analysis, and binary logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for infertility.ResultsThe patients in the infertility group were younger than those in the normal group, and the proportions of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal imbalance in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The incidence proportions of high-risk HPV types in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the proportions of high-risk subtytes HPV16, HPV39, HV52, HPV56, and HPV68 were significantly higher in the infertility group than in the normal group. However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of low-risk HPV types. The incidence proportions of vaginal flora imbalance and HPV infection in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. HPV16, HPV33, HPV51, HPV52and HPV58 infections were independent risk factors for infertility.ConclusionsVaginal microecological imbalance and HPV infection are directly related to infertility, and precautions should be taken.

Xuanfei Baidu decoction attenuates intestinal disorders by modulating NF-κB pathway, regulating T cell immunity and improving intestinal flora

BackgroundA number of studies have shown that gastrointestinal manifestations co-exist with respiratory symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Xuanfei Baidu decoction (XFBD) was recommended by the National Health Commission to treat mild and moderate COVID-19 patients and proved to effectively alleviate intestinal symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. PurposeThis study aimed at exploring potential mechanisms of XFBD by utilizing a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis, mimicking the disease conditions of intestinal microecological disorders. MethodsThe network pharmacology approach was employed to identify the potential targets and pathways of XFBD on the intestinal disorders. Mice with DSS-induced intestinal disorders were utilized to evaluate the protective effect of XFBD in vivo, including body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, spleen weight, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Colon tissues were used to perform hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, western blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. Macrophages, neutrophils and the proportions of T helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Intestinal contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ResultsNetwork pharmacology analysis indicated that XFBD inhibited the progression of COVID-19-related intestinal diseases by repressing inflammation. In mice with DSS-induced intestinal inflammation, XFBD treatment significantly reduced weight loss, the spleen index, the disease activity index, TNF-α levels, and colonic tissue damage, and prevented colon shortening. Transcriptomics and flow cytometry results suggested that XFBD remodeled intestinal immunity by downregulating the Th1/Th2 ratio. Western blot analysis showed that XFBD exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Indicator analysis of microbiota showed that 75 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were affected after XFBD administration. Among them, Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Enterorhabdus were simultaneously negatively correlated with intestinal disorders' parameters, and Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Eubacterium nodatum,Turicibacter, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1, showed positive correlations with intestinal disorders' parameters. ConclusionsOur data indicate that XFBD treatment attenuated intestinal disorders associated with inhibiting inflammation, remodeling of intestinal immunity, and improving intestinal flora. These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of XFBD and offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with intestinal symptoms.

Microbiota and child health: objectives of medical practice

The microbiota plays a key role in the physiology and maintenance of homeostasis in the child’s body. It is important to know the processes of formation of the intestinal microbiota that begin in utero. The baby continues to receive the mother’s microflora during childbirth and breastfeeding. The results of molecular genetic studies indicate that the most intensive process of microbial colonization of a child is associated with dietary habits. The main factor in maintaining the stability and resistance of normobiota is microbial autometabolites. The most promising areas of probiotic biotechnology and the development of metabolic probiotics (metabiotics), probiotics in combination with prebiotics (synbiotics) are considered. Understanding the processes of formation of intestinal microflora allows developing effective methods for the prevention and correction of microecological and motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in the age aspect.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗА КИШЕЧНИКА БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ С МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙ- ЧИВОСТЬЮ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ

Introduction. About 90% of TB patients have side effects of anti-TB therapy in the form of gastrointestinal disorders. Currently, the role of disorders of the intestinal microbiocenosis in the formation of dyspepsia has been proven. In turn, dyspeptic syndrome leads to a decrease in patient adherence to treatment, which affects the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment. The most dangerous in this regard are second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Long-term use of these drugs requires the development and implementation of algorithms for the correction of microecological disorders of the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbiological results of using a combined probiotic in persons with tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant pathogen in the course of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Material and methods. A prospective linear study included 30 patients with respiratory tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant pathogen. The study consisted in a two-stage study of the microbiocenosis of the intestinal biotope of these patients by a quantitative bacteriological method before and after combined probiotic therapy with a further comparison of the number of microorganisms. Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS program. Qualitative signs are represented by absolute and relative frequencies, expressed as a percentage, with 95% confidence intervals calculated for them by the Wilson method (rel.% [95% CI]). Quantitative data are presented in the work in the format of the median and interquartile range (Me (25th; 75th). For variables related to the ordinal scale and nonparametric quantitative variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups of observations. the compared groups were considered statistically significant with a statistical significance of less than 0.05. Results and discussion. The use of combined probiotic therapy in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis did not compensate for the deficiency of obligate microorganisms - Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. However, in the process of probiotic therapy noted a decrease in the concentration of Enterococcus spp., E. Coli lac-, E. Coli hly +, Streptococcus spp., as well as a decrease in the titers and species structure of fungi of the genus Candida. A clinical example showing the microbiological and clinical efficacy of probiotic therapy in a patient with co-infection TB / HIV. Despite the changes received, the average population indicators for the region have not been achieved. Conclusion. It was found that the use of combined probiotic therapy in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis led to a decrease in the pool of opportunistic microorganisms in the intestinal lumen and had a positive clinical effect in a patient with TB / HIV co-infection.

Fermented Carrot Pulp Regulates the Dysfunction of Murine Intestinal Microbiota.

It was the focus of attention that probiotic control drink was packed with prebiotic nutrients and lactic acid bacteria. So, this study is aimed at revealing that the fermented carrot pulp regulation and protection function to the intestinal microecological disorders usually induced by antibiotic treatment. First, we study on lactobacillus fermentation conditions and effects on the secondary metabolism of fermented carrot juice, get its phenolic acids up, and get its flavonoids down. Then, establishment of the dysbacteriosis mouse model was used to validate the fermented carrot pulp prevention and treatment of intestinal microbiota imbalance. After the antibiotic treatment, the mice showed impotence, laziness, slow movement, weight loss, thin feces, dull hair, and anal redness, while the mice in the control group were all normal in terms of the mental state, diet, weight, and bowl movement. Along with the treatment, the abnormal conditions of the mice in the model group and natural recovery group improved in different degrees, indicating that the fermentation treatment is of help to the intestinal microbiota recovery. The fermentation-treated group of mice recovered close to normal that the diarrhea disappeared, and the weight gain, mental state, and the feces became normal. The serum antioxidant (SOD, GSH, and MDA) levels of the mice were checked. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and glutathione (GSH) levels in the ordinary fermentation-treated group and probiotic fermentation-treated group were significantly increased compare to the natural recovery group. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed great differences between the fermentation-treated groups and the blank group. At last, the 16sRNA analysis revealed that the microbiota richness and diversity in probiotic fermentation (J) are much higher than those in the model group (H), ordinary fermentation group (I), and blank group (G). Groups J and I are of significantly higher antioxidant level than group H; however, only the glutathione (GSH) level in group J increased dramatically but not those in the other three groups. Antibiotic treatment-induced mouse intestinal microecological disorder reduce the microbiota richness and diversity. Prebiotics fermented carrot pulp treatment can help in the recovery from the microbiota richness and diversity level prior to the antibiotic treatment, which suggests it can regulate and protect the murine intestinal microbiome.

Role of Gastric Microorganisms Other than Helicobacter pylori in the Development and Treatment of Gastric Diseases.

The microenvironment in the stomach is different from other digestive tracts, mainly because of the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, bile reflux, special mucus barrier, gastric peristalsis, and so on, which all contribute to the formation of antibacterial environment. Microecological disorders can lead to gastric immune disorders or lead to the decrease of dominant bacteria and the increase of the abundance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms and then promote the occurrence of diseases. The body performs its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity and maintains microbial balance through the mechanism of immune homeostasis. Microecological imbalance can lead to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and damage mucosal barrier and immune system. The coexistence of gastric microorganisms (including viruses and fungi) may play a synergistic or antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases. Probiotics have the ability to compete with intestinal pathogens, increase the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), stimulate the production of mucin, bacteriocin, and lactic acid, regulate the expression and secretion of cytokines, and regulate the growth of microbiota, which all have beneficial effects on the host microbial environment. At present, most studies focused on Helicobacter pylori, ignoring other stomach microbes and the overall stomach microecology. So, in this article, we reviewed advances in human gastric microecology, the relationship between gastric microecology and immunity or gastric diseases, and the treatment of probiotics in gastric diseases, in order to explore new area for further study of gastric microorganisms and treatment of gastric diseases.

Микроэкологические биомаркеры уровня резистентности организма у новорожденных детей

As a result of this study, some markers reflecting the level of body resistance and microecological disorder of the digestive tract of newborns according to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the microbiota of the oral cavity were identified. The study determined the bacterial and viral components, including representatives of the herpesvirus family (Epstein-Barr virus, herpes type 6, herpes simplex types 1 and 2) in combination with indicators of local immune resistance in the oral fluid in 173 newborns of I-II health groups. Determination of both herpesviruses in oral fluid of newborns and opportunistic bacterial microflora reflects the lack of general and local immune resistance. It makes it posible to classify such children as a risk group for the development of infectious pathology, in need for prescription of corrective and preventive measures.

Potential Associations Between Microbiome and COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has plunged the world into a major crisis. The disease is characterized by strong infectivity, high morbidity, and high mortality. It is still spreading in some countries. Microbiota and their metabolites affect human physiological health and diseases by participating in host digestion and nutrition, promoting metabolic function, and regulating the immune system. Studies have shown that human microecology is associated with many diseases, including COVID-19. In this research, we first reviewed the microbial characteristics of COVID-19 from the aspects of gut microbiome, lung microbime, and oral microbiome. We found that significant changes take place in both the gut microbiome and airway microbiome in patients with COVID-19 and are characterized by an increase in conditional pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Then, we summarized the possible microecological mechanisms involved in the progression of COVID-19. Intestinal microecological disorders in individuals may be involved in the occurrence and development of COVID-19 in the host through interaction with ACE2, mitochondria, and the lung-gut axis. In addition, fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics may play a positive role in the treatment of COVID-19 and reduce the fatal consequences of the disease.

Biochemical indicators and vaginal microecological abnormalities indicate the occurrence of intrauterine adhesions

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are important causes of female infertility, mainly but not always caused by iatrogenic endometrial injury. The microbiome of the female reproductive tract, including the vagina and uterine cavity, plays an important role in health and disease. Immune regulation imbalance caused by reproductive tract microecological disorders can act in the formation mechanism of IUAs. Here we collected clinical laboratory indicators, the vaginal secretions and uterine secretions of 6 women with and 8 women without IUAs, with a history of curettage. Vaginal and uterine cavity microbes were detected by high-throughput sequencing technology. Compared with the women without IUAs, the proportion of Lactobacillus in vaginal microbes was decreased and the proportion of Bacteroides was increased in the IUAs. The α-diversity index in the vaginal microbiome was significantly positively correlated with the hematocrit and erythrocyte count (P ＜0.05). These clinical and microbiological indicators could be used to indicate the occurrence of IUAs, so this study has clinical guiding significance for detecting and preventing them.

Effects of group B streptococcus infection on vaginal micro-ecology and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in late pregnancy

BackgroundInvasive infection with group B streptococcus (GBS) can lead to intrauterine infection, and GBS can also spread via vertical transmission between mother and infant, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GBS colonization in late gestation on vaginal micro-ecology, pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcome. MethodsOne hundred and twenty pregnant women in the third trimester infected with GBS and 120 healthy counterparts who underwent a prenatal examination in the obstetrics department of the study hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were selected for inclusion in the study. Vaginal micro-ecological index, mode of delivery, adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe incidence rates of vaginal micro-ecological disorders, intrauterine infection and neonatal infection were significantly higher in the GBS group compared with the control group. The incidence rates of neonatal fetal distress and pathological jaundice were much higher in the GBS group compared with the control group. The neonatal Apgar score was markedly lower in the GBS group compared with the control group. ConclusionsGBS infection is correlated with the vaginal micro-environment. GBS colonization in late pregnancy has adverse effects on vaginal micro-ecology and pregnancy outcome.

Research progress on intestinal microecology regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides

Intestinal microecology is an important defense system in the human body. The intestinal flora is the core micro-ecosystem in the human intestine. It has a symbiotic relationship with the overall functions of the body. It has strong metabolic activity to maintain the normal functioning of the body and resist the invasion of various viral antigens in the body. Playing a protective function,the imbalanced intestinal microecology can cause various diseases. Polysaccharides can be extracted from a wide range of sources and have low toxicity and side effects. They have attracted wide attention because of their anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. Studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides can regulate intestinal microecological disorders. According to the studies in recent years, this review summarizes that polysaccharides mainly modulate intestinal microecological disorders through regulating the composition of intestinal flora, improving the metabolism of the flora, and repairing the intestinal tract barrier. On the basis of these mechanisms of action, this paper elaborates the anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides. This paper can provide reference for the future research on the intestinal microecology-regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides.

Chitooligosaccahrides: Digestion characterization and effect of the degree of polymerization on gut microorganisms to manage the metabolome functional diversity in vitro

Consumption of chitooligosaccharides (COS) prevents intestinal microecological disorder. The mechanisms for the effects of different COS on the gut microbiota are currently unclear. This study examined the impact of COS with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) on the gut microbial community and metabolic profile. COS significantly promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes, and inhibited that of Proteobacteria, which were significantly correlated with DPs. COS3 and COS2 enriched the butyrate production in microbial communities composed of Clostridium and Parabacteroides. Microbial communities enriched by DPs 4–6 COS displayed increased diversity in differential metabolite function. Several biomarkers were distinguished significantly, including unsaturated fatty acids, bile acids, indoles and amines, which are mainly related to processes such as fatty acid synthesis and decomposition, bile acid modification, and tryptophan metabolism. The results display the relationship among COS structure-gut microbes-metabolomics, providing a new perspective for COS as a functional food to improve intestinal health.

Study of the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their identification

This article discusses the current data on the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their use in industry, particularly in dairy production and biotechnology. Microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms and perform an immunomodulatory function. The positive effect of lactobacilli on human health explains their active use in probiotics. The positive effects of normal intestinal microflora and probiotics are mainly due to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In probiotic therapy, various types of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are used, such as: L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. paracasei. In recent years, the biotechnology of probiotics has been intensively developing - drugs used for the correction and prevention of microecological disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. An urgent issue is obtaining new data on the biological properties of lactobacilli, creating new probiotic preparations based on them using modified approaches to cultivation. The results of determining the species L. acidophilus L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, obtained by the classical biochemical identification method based on saccharolytic activity, complicating species identification, are comparable to the molecular genetic method. In the case of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, it is necessary to carry out modern identification methods based on the polymerase chain reaction, since their biochemical properties are similar, which makes it difficult to carry out species identification. The molecular genetic method is a valuable addition to the intergeneric and species identification of lactobacilli, given the variability of the classical biochemical method. Key words: Lactobacillus, biochemical identification, probiotics, bacteria.

Мікробіом приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним тиреотоксикозом

Актуальність. Мікробіом приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки при безпосередньому контакті з організмом взаємодіє з імунною та іншими системами, що підкреслює актуальність його вивчення при різних захворюваннях. Мета дослідження — встановлення таксономічного складу, популяційного рівня, аналітичних мікроекологічних показників і ступеня порушень мікроекології приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів із тиреотоксикозом. Матеріали та методи. Проведені експерименти на 25 статевозрілих самцях білих щурів масою 220–240 г, з яких 15 тварин віднесено до контрольної групи (інтактні тварини), 10 щурів належали до основної групи. Моделювали експериментальний тиреотоксикоз шляхом внутрішньошлункового введення L-тироксину 14 днів. У стерильних умовах проводили лапаротомію, брали відрізок (до 3 см) товстої кишки з її вмістом. Відмиту частину кишки гомогенізували з стерильним 0,9% розчином хлориду натрію. Готували серію десятикратних розведень з концентрацією вихідної суміші від 10–2 до 10–7. З кожної пробірки 0,01 мл висівали на тверді оптимальні живильні середовища з наступним виділенням та ідентифікацією мікробів за морфологічними, тинкторіальними, культуральними та біохімічними властивостями. Результати. У частини тварин елімінують біфідобактерії та лактобактерії, а також бактероїди та ешерихії. Встановлено виражений дефіцит не тільки біфідобактерій — на 48,50 % і лактобактерій — на 94,59 %, а й бактероїдів — на 44,85 %. Визначення кількісного домінування кожного таксона показало, що домінуюча роль біфідобактерій у мікробіоценозі знижується на 82,76 %, лактобактерій — у 2,20 раза, а також знижується роль у мікробіоценозі приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним тиреотоксикозом бактероїдів — на 43,04 %, кишкової палички — на 7,18 %, але суттєво зростає роль умовно-патогенних ентеробактерій і стафілококів, які контамінували й колонізували слизову оболонку товстої кишки. Висновки. Експериментальний тиреотоксикоз супроводжується частковою елімінацією з біотопу приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки біфідобактерій та лактобактерій, а також бактероїдів. Відбувається елімінація із слизової оболонки товстої кишки в усіх експериментальних тварин пептострептококів, клостридій та ентерококів, а також колонізація біотопу умовно-патогенними ентеробактеріями (протеями, клебсієлами) і стафілококами.