Assessment Of Microbiological Quality Research Articles

The Study of Combination of Biodegradable Packaging and Biocoating with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Green Alternative for Traditional Packaging in Gouda Cheese

Biodegradable packaging, both alone and in combination with acid whey protein coatings, has been used to pack fresh Gouda cheese to improve preservation prior ripening or storage. This study involved three key components: (i) the selection of biodegradable packaging (BP), (ii) the development of a plain liquid acid whey protein concentrate, pectin-based edible coating (BP + Ch + Coating), and (iii) the incorporation of at least 6 log10 CFU (colony forming units) mL−1 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (BP + Ch + Coating + Lp) and Lactobacillus helveticus (BP + Ch + Coating + Lh) strains. The created compositions were compared with cheese packed in conventional polyethylene (PE) packaging to evaluate their overall synergy effect in reducing microbiological spoilage and influencing chemical parameters in Gouda cheese during 45 days of ripening and cold storage. The evaluation included microbiological analysis (total LAB, Enterobacteriaceae spp., and fungi CFU) and quality assessment of pH, moisture content, water activity, texture, and colour (CEI system) during ripening and shelf life. Although biodegradable packaging (BP) alone did not protect the cheese effectively compared to conventional packaging (EVA/PE/EPC/PVDC), the combination of biodegradable packaging with a coating (BP + Ch + Coating) showed protective properties against Enterobacteriaceae spp. and mould, maintaining moisture, pH, and colour during ripening and storage. Incorporation of L. helveticus (BP + Ch + Coating + Lh) into the coating efficiently decreased the growth of fungi.

Exploring Microbiological Quality Assessment Techniques and Antibiotic Sensitivity: A Comprehensive Review

Microbiological quality assessment and antibiotic sensitivity testing are crucial components of ensuring public health safety, food quality, and effective antimicrobial therapy and provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies, challenges, and recent advancements in microbiological quality assessment and antibiotic sensitivity testing. It covers various techniques employed in microbiological quality assessment, including culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and rapid detection methods. Additionally, it explores the principles and methodologies of antibiotic sensitivity testing, focusing on disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and automated systems. Furthermore, the article discusses emerging trends and technologies in the field, such as whole-genome sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and understanding these techniques and their applications is essential for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to combat microbial infections effectively and safeguard public health.

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Skin and Body care Cosmetics by using Challenge test

Cosmetic products may be exposed to microbial contamination during storage or transport, and to avoid the risk of microbial growth, manufacturers add preservative compounds as a protection for the product from spoilage. The Microbial Challenge test is a procedure to evaluate the preservative efficacy by challenging the product with testing microorganisms to determine the quality of preservation. In this study, thirty-two cosmetics products used for body and skin care were collected from markets and pharmacies in Mecca region, these products are subjected to microbiological analysis, results show that most samples are contaminated except six samples. Non contaminated samples were subjected to European Pharmacopeia 7.0 standards. Results show that two samples, foaming gel and body and face cream are failed to demonstrate the required microbiocidal effect against the S.aureus test species, results recorded 1.21 x 105 and 6.80 x 105 (CFU/ml) respectively at the second day of incubation, other products: shower gel, hand wash, body lotion and shampoo demonstrate that required microbiocidal effect against the test species during day 2, 7, 14 until day 28th. The microbial count number is less than 10 during all incubation periods. To prevent contamination in cosmetics, manufacturers are required to add a good preservative system to the products and examine them before sale. Due to the high percentage of microbial contamination in cosmetics in Mecca region and for consumers safety, this study is prepared.

Microbiological quality assessment of milk and its fermented derivatives produced in the Sfax region, Tunisia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality and safety of milk and its derivatives in the Sfax area, Tunisia. Two hundred and forty samples of ultra-high temperature sterilized milk (UHT) and pasteurized milk, and its derivatives (yoghurt, fermented milk, cheese, and butter), collected from in-dustrial sale sites and traditional small-scale dairy processing units, were microbiologically analysed and the results compared to the European commission (EC, 2004) maximum limits. All the UHT steri-lized milks analysed were free of microbial contamination and packaging-stable. However, pasteurized milk by thermal treatment at 63 °C for 30 min showed that 41 and 13% of samples were contaminated with total microbial count (TMC) and Escherichia coli. In the analysed samples, total and faecal coliform bacteria (TC and FC) counts exceeded the EU limits in 17 and 9% of industrial yoghurts; 85 and 54% of traditional yoghurts, and 57 and 29% of traditional butters, respectively. Furthermore, all studied fermented milks (Lben and Raieb) exceeded the EU coliform limits. Considering the traditional soft cheese made with pasteurized milk, 61% of the analysed samples respected EU limits in TC except one sample contaminated with both of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes detection showed that only one pasteurized milk sample was contaminated by L. mon-ocytogenes, without any Salmonella detection. Traditional producers must implement good manufac-turing practices and hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) to ensure integral safety and quality of dairy products.

A Study of Resistome in Mexican Chili Powder as a Public Health Risk Factor.

Chili powder is an important condiment around the world. However, according to various reports, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms could present a public health risk factor during its consumption. Therefore, microbiological quality assessment is required to understand key microbial functional traits, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the comprehensive profiles of the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 15 chili powder samples from different regions of Mexico. The initial bacterial load showed aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) ranging between 6 × 103 and 7 × 108 CFU/g, sporulated mesophilic bacteria (SMB) from 4.3 × 103 to 2 × 109 CFU/g, and enterobacteria (En) from <100 to 2.3 × 106 CFU/g. The most representative families in the samples were Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, in which 18 potential pathogen-associated species were detected. In total, the resistome profile in the chili powder contained 68 unique genes, which conferred antibiotic resistance distributed in 13 different classes. Among the main classes of antibiotic resistance genes with a high abundance in almost all the samples were those related to multidrug, tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and phenicol resistance. Our findings reveal the utility of mNGS in elucidating microbiological quality in chili powder to reduce the public health risks and the spread of potential pathogens with antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

Microbiological quality assessment of treated municipal wastewater effluents for crop irrigation purposes

Massive crop production demands enormous volumes of water for irrigation. Water scarcity has led growers to look for suitable alternative water sources. Treated wastewater for agricultural purposes has been documented; however, high microbial loads pose a high risk to consumers of contaminated produce. This study evaluated the microbiological quality of treated wastewater from three artificial canals belonging to two treated municipal wastewater plants in Sinaloa, Mexico. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were quantified by standard methods in 60 treated wastewater samples. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were quantified from 4.0x102 to 3.9x107 CFU/100 mL and 1.0x102 to 1.0x107 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Salmonella was isolated from 45 samples, with the highest value of 16.14 MPN/L. Most of the examined samples exceeded the national and international microbial limits in water for agricultural purposes. Therefore, treated municipal wastewater from central Sinaloa, Mexico, is unsuitable for agricultural irrigation.

Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Hygienic Practices and Microbiological Quality of Halwa Produced in Urban West Region, Zanzibar

Contamination of food by microorganisms poses both economic and health threats. Knowledge of food safety and hygienic practices is a crucial in the prevention of microbial contamination of food. This study aimed to determine the microbiological quality of halwa and assess the level of food safety knowledge and hygienic practices of halwa processors. For microbiological quality, 13 samples were used to analyse the total bacteria count, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and moulds. Total bacteria counts were analysed using ISO 4833-1:2013, Staphylococcus aureus were analysed using ISO 6888-1:2003, and yeasts and moulds were analysed using ISO 21527-2:2017. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 13 halwa processors to assess their level of food safety knowledge and hygienic practices. The total bacteria count in halwa, detected in 11 samples, ranged from 2.0x102 CFU/g to 4.9x102 CFU/g, while the moulds were detected in 11 samples in a range from 1.4x102 CFU/g to 5.5x102 CFU/g; the yeasts were detected in three samples in a range from 1.4x102 CFU/g to 2.6x102 CFU/g; and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 8 samples in a range from 1.4x102 CFU/g to 2.1x102 CFU/g. Twelve out of 13 analysed samples were in accordance with Zanzibar standards for halwa (ZNS 574:2023) for yeasts, while only seven samples were found to comply with ZNS 574:2023 for moulds requirements. Five samples were in accordance with ZNS 574:2023 for S. aureus. All samples were in accordance with ZNS 574:2023 for total bacteria count. The halwa processors had poor food safety knowledge and lacked formal training in food safety management aspects. Poor personal hygiene and hygienic practices, such as wearing protective gear, covering hair, and hand washing after toilet and nose blowing, were observed.

Features in visible and Fourier transform infrared spectra confronting aspects of meat quality and fraud

Rapid assessment of microbiological quality (i.e., Total Aerobic Counts, TAC) and authentication (i.e., fresh vs frozen/thawed) of meat was investigated using spectroscopic-based methods. Data were collected throughout storage experiments from different conditions. In total 526 spectra (Fourier transform infrared, FTIR) and 534 multispectral images (MSI) were acquired. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was applied to select/transform the variables. In the case of FTIR data 30 % of the initial features were used, while for MSI-based models all features were employed. Subsequently, Support Vector Machines (SVM) regression/classification models were developed and evaluated. The performance of the models was evaluated based on the external validation set. In both cases MSI-based models (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE: 0.48–1.08, Accuracy: 91–97 %) were slightly better compared to FTIR (RMSE: 0.83–1.31, Accuracy: 88–94 %). The most informative features of FTIR for the case of quality were mainly in 900–1700 cm−1, while for fraud the features were more dispersed.

Technology Selection for Wastewater Treatment in the Maldives

In the Maldives, the discharge of untreated wastewater into the sea poses a significant threat to public health and the marine environment. This study proposes technically feasible, sustainable, and economical wastewater treatment technologies appropriate for small islands in the Maldives. Out of the 187 residential islands in the Maldives, three islands (HA. Dhidhdhoo, HA. Hoarafushi, and HA. Ihavandhoo) were selected as study areas. This study characterized the wastewater from these islands using physiochemical and microbiological water quality assessment parameters. The Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies Appropriate for Reuse (WAWTTAR), an open-source software developed by the Humbolt State University in 1993, was used to simulate the performance of different wastewater treatment processes to treat the characterized wastewater. The feasible alternatives identified from these simulations were analyzed using a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), considering various indicators that influence the decision-making process. The wastewater quality assessment revealed that the wastewater generated in the three islands produced low concentrations of chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD), with concentrations ranging from 267 – 309 mg/L and 128 – 219 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were also low (5.7 – 18.0 mg/L and 2.8 – 14.9 mg/L, respectively), where these concentrations in Dhidhdhoo and Hoarafushi were already within the maximum allowable limits of 15 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, for discharge into the deep sea. Based on the findings, secondary treatment technologies such as membrane bioreactors (MBR) and sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were found to be the most feasible options for treating the wastewater. These results were further checked for robustness using a sensitivity analysis. This study demonstrates that the proposed methodology is suitable for technology selection and can provide valuable information for policymakers and stakeholders in the country and serve as a basis for future studies.

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Potable Water in Rathinamangalam Village, Tamilnadu, India

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Potable Water in Rathinamangalam Village, Tamilnadu, India

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Water Using Culture Methods, Flow Cytometry and Luminometry

A very important role in determining the quality of water is the assessment of its microbiological quality. Water quality control, which could pose a direct threat to human health and life, is performed in the case of water produced at water treatment plants, tap water, or water in swimming pools. However, these traditional methods used to assess its quality are laborious and time-consuming. In emergency and incidental situations, in the era of terrorist threats, the need for quick, reliable, and reproducible microbiological determinations seems to be essential. In this study, an attempt was made to compare various methods of assessing the microbiological quality of water. The assessment was carried out for water with different microbiological characteristics: surface water, rainwater, groundwater, and water supply. The evaluation was carried out using traditional culture methods and high-speed methods: flow cytometry and luminometry. The analysis of microbiological parameters was the basis for the statistical analysis. The conducted microbiological analysis of various types of water, along with their statistical evaluation, showed different dependencies for each of the analyzed waters.

Microbiological quality Assessment of Commercial Yoghurt Brands sold in Bamenda, Cameroon

Pathogenic organisms in dairy products like yoghurt have for several years been a matter of public health concern. An investigation on the microbiological quality of 12 commercial samples of yoghurt gotten from four different brands designated A, B, C and D respectively were analysed using the poor plate method to determine their respective microbial qualities. Samples were randomly obtained from different locations in Bamenda and data were analysed using ANOVA. Results of the microbial enumeration showed that all samples recorded 0.0x101 cfu/ml,E coli counts. The total viable bacteria counts (TVC) of the samples were 0.17x105 cfu/ml, 5.5x105 cfu/ml, 6.0x105 cfu/ml, 6.3x105 cfu/ml for A, B, C and D respectively. There was no significant variation (p&gt;0.05) in TVC among B, C and D. Meanwhile A and B both recorded 0.0x105 cfu/ml coliforms and C and D recorded 1.1x102 cfu/ml and 2.3x102 cfu/ml respectively. There was a significant variation (p&lt;0.05) in coliform counts between C and D. D recorded the highest yeast and mould counts121.66x104 cfu/ml while A recorded the least 6.66x104 cfu/ml. The results of this study showed that three (B, C and D) out of four yoghurt brands sold in Bamenda at the time of this research were hygienically poor and hence not fit for consumption. In order to prevent public health issues, it is necessary for the right government bodies to pay close attention as to how commercialised yoghurt products are prepared, processed, stored, and distributed. Keywords: Yoghurt, microorganisms, microbiological quality

Are Indicator Microorganisms Predictive of Pathogens in Water?

The microbiological quality assessment of drinking water (DW) and drinking water sources (DWSs) is based on the detection of indicator microorganisms (IMs). However, the relationship between IMs and pathogens has been questioned, as pathogens have been detected even in the absence of IMs, and vice versa. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the reliability of IMs by analysing the correlation between the presence of IMs and pathogens in water. This review focused on studies that reported statistical analyses of the relationship between traditional and alternative IMs and enteric pathogens in DWSs (groundwater, surface water, and rainwater) and in DW. Additionally, the main DW guidelines and regulations, along with a focus on the application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), were also reported. The overall analysis of publications revealed a controversial correlation, characterised by high spatiotemporal variability, indicating the impossibility of identifying a reliable IM for any specific pathogen or water type. The association was also influenced by numerous factors, such as intrinsic characteristics of microorganisms, seasonal variations, sample number, water sample volume, and the detection method used. In conclusion, the detection of IMs should be considered complementary to, rather than a substitute for, the detection of pathogens.

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Drinking Water at Al-Hayy City, Southern Iraq.

The microbial quality of drinking water which distributed form Al-Hayy water treatment plant and number of residential areas fed by these water treatment plant was studied each month over six month during a period extended from the October 2016 to April 2017,through the purification stages up to residential sites at different areas situated with various distances from the supplying source, two samples were taken monthly. This station derived their water from AL-Gharraf River in the southeastern part of Iraq, where the feed areas of the city with drinking water. This study included detection of bacteria, evidence of contamination of water (coliform, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococcus bacteria and total bacteria count), also some physical and chemical variables ware like (temperature, turbidity, free residual chlorine and pH) . Results of Bacteriological tests showed increasing in TPC, TC, FC, E.coli and FS bacteria in December and January in all study locations as compared to those of the other months for water plant raw and drinking water and the FS values were less than other bacterial types for water plant. The TPC results of drinking water exceed 100 cell/ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, for all samples of water plant. On the other hand the TC, FC and E.coli exceeded zero cell/100ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, in many drinking water samples for water plant with increasing of temperature in summer months. Physiochemical tests showed that air temperature at sampling time was varied between17 and 34°C and between11.5 and 29°C, for water temperature at sampling time also. The results of pH means were within the allowable limit, ranging from 7.2 in October to 7.9 in April.The highest mean value of turbidity recorded for raw water was in December with 89 NTU and the lowest value was in April with 30 NTU, while the highest mean value recorded for Drinking water was 20 NTU again in December and the lowest value was 1 NTU in April. The highest mean value of residual chlorine was recorded in March with 3.8 mg/L, the lowest value was 0 mg/L in some of the farthest points of the plant.

Rapid assessment and prediction of microbiological quality of raw milk using machine learning based on RGB-colourimetric resazurin assay

The feasibility of adapting an RGB-based colour sensor to determine raw milk quality based on the resazurin test was demonstrated and a model for rapid milk quality prediction proposed. One hundred and two raw milk samples containing different microbial concentrations were subject to a resazurin assay in a six-well microplate configuration and then to the colourimetric device to measure the resazurin test colours as red, green, and blue. A dataset of RGB colour measurements and corresponding microbial concentrations was created, from which a machine learning model for milk quality prediction was developed. A support vector machine model that was considered most suitable for this purpose demonstrated 100% prediction accuracy for milk with acceptable or “low” microbial concentrations (<5.0 × 105 cfu mL−1) and 96% accuracy for milk with unacceptable or “high” microbial concentrations (>1.0 × 107 cfu mL−1) but was less accurate for milk in the intermediate class.

Microbiological quality assessment of fresh produce: Potential health risk to children and urgent need for improved food safety in school feeding schemes.

About 388 million school-going children worldwide benefit from school feeding schemes, which make use of fresh produce to prepare meals. Fresh produce including leafy greens and other vegetables were served at 37% and 31% of school feeding programs, respectively, in Africa. This study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of fresh produce grown onsite or supplied to South African schools that are part of the national school feeding programs that benefit over 9 million school-going children. Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus were enumerated from fresh produce (n = 321) samples. The occurrence of E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae was determined. Presumptive pathogens were tested for antimicrobial resistance. E. coli was further tested for diarrheagenic virulence genes. Enterobacteriaceae on 62.5% of fresh produce samples (200/321) exceeded previous microbiological guidelines for ready-to-eat food, while 86% (276/321 samples) and 31.6% (101/321 samples) exceeded coliform and E. coli criteria, respectively. A total of 76 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from fresh produce including E. coli (n = 43), Enterobacter spp. (n = 15), and Klebsiella spp. (n = 18). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was confirmed in 11 E. coli, 13 Enterobacter spp., and 17 Klebsiella spp. isolates. No diarrheagenic virulence genes were detected in E. coli isolates. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 60.5% (26/43) of the E. coli isolates, while all (100%; n = 41) of the confirmed ESBL and AmpC Enterobacteriaceae showed MDR. Our study indicates the reality of the potential health risk that contaminated fresh produce may pose to school-going children, especially with the growing food safety challenges and antimicrobial resistance crisis globally. This also shows that improved food safety approaches to prevent foodborne illness and the spread of foodborne pathogens through the food served by school feeding schemes are necessary.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of a Northwestern Algerian Dam: Detection of Ichtyopathogenic Bacteria.

Freshwater fish are often exposed to threats from anthropogenic or natural origins, such as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms responsible for a broad range of severe infections. In this study, we aimed to assess this microbiological threat to fish in an Algerian northwestern dam Sekkak (Tlemcen) by evaluating the diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacteria. In order to determine the water quality, physicochemical analyses of the dam water were carried out in situ. Ichtyopathogenic bacteria were isolated on selective media and identified by API galleries and molecular techniques (PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene). Besides, the antibiograms were constructed for all the isolates. The physicochemical and bacteriological analyses allowed us to classify the dam water as moderately polluted to polluted. Furthermore, an important diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacterial species was observed as Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia rettgeri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were retrieved. The antibiogram test revealed notable resistance. The antibiotic family for which most resistances were found was the β-lactam family, followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides. These results indicate that aquatic environments can shelter multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria representing a threat to the endemic fauna. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor these waters in order to improve the fish's living environment and ensure healthier production.

Microbiological quality and safety assessment in selected HACCP-certified dine-in and hospital facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Food safety measures in food chain operations involving poultry meat are increasingly reliant on the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system as well as the effectiveness of its adoption in mitigating foodborne diseases. In this study, we evaluated the risk of microbiological contamination of poultry-based ready-to-eat (RTE) food through its preparation and subsequent handling at selected HACCP-certified dine-in food establishments and hospital catering facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Samples obtained from 138 poultry-based RTE cook-served meals, 239 ready meals, 299 hand swabs, 510 food contacts, and 118 non-food contact surfaces were examined. The absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the RTE food samples showed a favorable trend in compliance with the Malaysian Food Act 1983 and Malaysian Veterinary Document Register Standard Operating Procedure (APTVM 16 (c):1/2011, Appendix 7) reference standards. The findings yielded by the microbiological assessments further revealed the non-conformance of coliforms in only 0.7% of the cook-served samples from the dine-in establishments. However, these percentages increased to 16.4% and 9.5% for coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, in ready-food samples, whereas 6.5% and 5.7% were recorded in hospital facilities. In contrast, significant non-conformance with guidelines pertaining to food and non-food contact surfaces was noted for both dine-in establishments and hospital facilities. These results highlight the need for more stringent oversight of hygiene practices and process controls in all HACCP-certified facilities that prepare and serve food.

Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of drinking water in Dehradun

Over a sixth of the global total does not have access to clean drinking water. People in poor countries face a significant burden of diarrheal disease and other debilitating, life-threatening diseases due to a lack of adequate water. Fresh-water demand will continue to rise dramatically throughout the globe in the next years to satisfy the demands of rising people, developing economies, changes in lifestyle, and altering consumption behavior. It will also put even more strain on already scarce natural resources and ecosystems. As a result of overuse and water contamination, clean water has recently become a scarce fundamental commodity. In addition, the importance of new microbes in drinkable water has grown. Because of the serious implications of a drinking water source being polluted with pathogenic bacteria, prevention is important. The objective of this study is to find the quality of water whether or not it is suitable for drinking on the basis of physicochemical and microbiological assessment. In this study, we determine the water quality in terms of contamination rate such as chemical and microbiological to assure that the water we are drinking is safe for us as well as for other people. The testing was done as per IS 10500:2012 (Indian Standard) and APHA, USEPA for chemical and bacteriological analysis. The maximum numbers of chemical parameters were within the limits whereas this was not in the case of bacteriological parameter. The result of this study was that physical appearance is agreeable and disagreeable in some areas of Dehradun and in chemical appearance the amount of calcium is more than the limit and there is microbial contamination found in all water samples. From these studies, it is recommended that drinking water should be filtered and boiled. The water storage tanks should be washed in timely manner with chlorine tablets and chlorine liquid to avoid the contamination of water.

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Non- Sterile Multivitamin and General tonic Pharmaceutical Drops Produced in Egypt

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Non- Sterile Multivitamin and General tonic Pharmaceutical Drops Produced in Egypt