Microleakage Of Class Research Articles

Microleakage Evaluation of an Alkasite Restorative Material: An In Vitro Dye Penetration Study

The aim of the present in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the microleakage in three different esthetic restorative materials in class I cavities using the dye penetration technique. Class I cavities were prepared on 24 human maxillary premolar teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of six samples each. Group I: Cention-N without adhesive (Ivoclar Vivadent, India), group II: Cention with adhesive (Ivoclar Vivadent, India), group III: type IX glass ionomer cement (Fuji), group IV: posterior composite (3M ESPE). The specimens were polished, subjected to thermocycling, and suspended in methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the extent of microleakage was evaluated using the stereomicroscope. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Pearson's Chi-square test and the interobserver variability was assessed by the Kappa test for interobserver variability. The analysis showed statistically significant results among the groups. Although, Cention N with adhesive showed the least microleakage followed by Cention N without adhesive. All the materials tested were unable to completely eliminate microleakage in class I cavities. However, the newer alkasite material Cention N proved to have the least microleakage among all groups. According to the present study, Cention N, a newer alkasite restorative material, demonstrated promising results with the least microleakage in comparison with posterior resin composites and glass ionomer cements. How to cite this article: Kini A, Shetty S, Bhat R, et al. Microleakage Evaluation of an Alkasite Restorative Material: An In Vitro Dye Penetration Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(11):1315-1318.

Comparative Analysis of Microleakage of Zirconia-infused Glass Ionomer Cement with Miracle Mix and Amalgam: An In Vitro Study.

ContextVarious restorative materials are introduced in dentistry to achieve adequate strength and restore aesthetics. Dental amalgam is a versatile material with self-sealing property, but is unaesthetic. Other restorative materials like composites require conservative preparation, but exhibit polymerisation shrinkage resulting in microleakage. To overcome these drawbacks, a high strength restorative material reinforced with ceramic and zirconia fillers known as Zirconomer (Shofu Inc., Japan) has been introduced.AimsThis in vitro study aims to evaluate and compare the microleakage of zirconia-infused glass ionomer cement (Zirconomer) with Miracle Mix (GC Fuji Miracle Mix, Japan) and amalgam.Materials and methodsIn this in vitro study, 30 non-carious premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) depending on the restorative material used—Silver Amalgam (DPI, India), Miracle Mix, and Zirconomer. Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 30 non-carious extracted premolars. The restored teeth were thermocycled and then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. All teeth were bisected longitudinally in a buccolingual direction and observed under a stereo microscope at 40X magnification for the evidence of dye penetration. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Walis tests (p<0.01).ResultsZirconomer showed the least microleakage in Class V cavity restoration with a statistically significant difference to amalgam and Miracle Mix.ConclusionsZirconomer has proven to be an excellent restorative material as it showed the least microleakage followed by Miracle Mix and amalgam. Zirconomer raises the bar for restorative reinforced glass ionomers by outperforming conventional glass ionomers and amalgam restoration.

The Effect of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Microleakage and Interfacial Micromorphology of Class V Resin Composite Restorations Using Two Adhesive Systems (SEM-Study)

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of different cavity disinfectants on microleakage and interfacial micromorphology of class V resin composite restorations using two adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty six freshly extracted sound maxillary human premolar teeth were selected. Seventy two standardized class V cavities were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of the selected premolars and randomly divided into three main groups (n=24) according to the cavity disinfectant used (A): silver nanoparticles (A1), ozone (A2), both of them (silver nanoparticles and ozone) (A3). Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=12) according to the type of the adhesive used (B): total-etch adhesive (B1), self-etch adhesive (B2). All cavities were restored with resin composite according to the manufacturer’s instructions and subjected to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5oC -55oC). Ten cavities from each group were examined for microleakage. The interfacial micromorphology of the remaining 2 cavities was examined by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Data were expressed in scores. Results: There was a statistical significant difference between the different groups, where the highest leakage scores were found in the silver nanoparticles groups, followed by the combination groups (p ≤ 0.05). While the least leakage scores were found in the ozone groups. Also the highest leakage scores were more frequent in the self-etch groups as well as at the gingival margins of the restorations. Conclusions: Microleakage of class V resin composite restoration is affected by the type of cavity disinfectant; being improved by using ozone though deteriorated by using silver nanoparticles. It is better to use the total etch adhesive rather than the self-etch one.

Evaluation of the Effect of Beverages on Wear Resistance and Microleakage of Class V Esthetic Restorations

Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of beverages (orange juice and cola) on the wear resistance and microleakage of: Self cure Glass Ionomer, Flowable bulk fill composite and Packable bulk fill composite. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were preparered on both the buccal and lingual sides, so a total of ninety cavities were created. Teeth were divided into three main groups according to the material used (30specimens each) (A). the first group was restored with the Riva self-cure glass ionomer (A1), the second group was restored by using flowalble bulk fill SDR, Dentsply (A2), while the third group was restored with packable bulk fill composite resin Filtek p 60 (A3). All Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (Ten specimens each) (B). The specimens of the first subgroup were immersed in an orange juice for 5 minutes, 3x/day over a period of seven days and kept in artificial saliva between erosive cycles (B1). The specimens of the second subgroup were immersed in an acidic cola drink for 5 minutes, 3x/day over a period of seven days and kept in artificial saliva between erosive cycles (B2). The specimens of the third subgroup were immersed in a saline solution for 5 minutes, 3x/day over a period of seven days and kept in artificial saliva between erosive cycles to be used as control (B3). All specimens were thermocycled (5,00 cycles, 5°C-55°C). Results: Regardless to beverage media, it was found that Flowable bulk-fil composite (A2) group had the highest surface profile mean value followed by Packable bulk-fil composite (A3) group meanwhile Selfcure GI (A1) group had the lowest surface profile mean value. Also, irrespective of the material type, totally it was found that Cola (B2) immersed group recorded the highest surface profile mean values followed by Orange juice (B1) immersed group while Saline (B3) immersed group recorded the lowest surface profile mean value. So, it was found that the flowable composite had the highest surface profile roughness, and also the cola had the highest effect on all materials. Regardless to beverage media, totally it was found that Selfcure GI (A1) had the highest leakage score mean value followed by Packablebulk-fil composite (A3) group meanwhile Flowable bulk-fil composite (A2) group had the lowest leakage score mean. Meanwhile irrespective of the material type, it was found that Orange juice (A1) immersed group had the highest leakage score mean values followed by Cola (A2) immersed group while Saline (A3) immersed group had the lowest leakage score mean value.

Do ozone and boric acid affect microleakage in class V composite restorations?

ABSTRACTThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (2%), sodium hypochloride (2.5%), ozone gas, and boric acid at different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) on microleakage from composite restorations.In a total of 80 extracted human canine teeth, a class V cavity was opened on the buccal surface and the samples were separated into eight groups. In the control group, no procedure was applied for cavity disinfection, then composite restoration (Z250, 3M) was made using single-stage, self-etch adhesive (Single Bond 3M). In the other groups, seven different disinfectants were used, then the cavity was restored. The teeth were split into two in the buccolingual direction, parallel to the long axes. Stain penetration was examined under stereomicroscope and scored. Examination with SEM was made on one sample from each group, selected at random. Statistical evaluations were made using Dunnett C Post Hoc Comparison and Kruskal–Wallis H tests.In the occlusal region evaluation, the groups with the lowest level of leakage were the 3% and 5% boric acid groups, and the highest levels of microleakage were determined in the chlorhexidine group and the 1% boric acid group. In the gingival region, the lowest level of microleakage was in the 5% boric acid group and the highest levels were determined in the 1% and 7% boric acid groups.Boric acid disinfectants used at suitable concentrations were not seen to create a risk in respect of microleakage.

Evaluation of Diode laser (940 nm) irradiation effect on microleakage in class V composite restoration before and after adhesive application

Introduction: Nowadays, the main focus of dental studies is on adhesive dental materials; since clinical long-term success of bonded restorations depended more on marginal microleakage minimization. So, the aim of this study was Evaluation of Diode laser irradiation effect on microleakage in class V composite restoration before and after adhesive application. Materials and methods: In this in vitro-experimental study, standard class V cavity was prepared on lingual and buccal surfaces of 60 premolar teeth. For evaluation of microleakage, 60 teeth were divided randomly into four groups A, B, C, D (n=15): A) primer + adhesive (Clearfil TM SE Bond), B) primer + Diode laser + adhesive (940nm wave-length, 21J total energy, 0.7W power, 30s irradiation time) C) primer + adhesive + Diode laser D) primer + Diode laser + adhesive + Diode laser. Then, restoration was completed by Z250 composite. For data analyzing, we used SPSS 16 software. For statistical analysis, we used Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis & Mann-Whitney tests at 0.05% significance level. Results: According to non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, microleakage scores had not significant difference before and after laser irradiation on gingival margins (p=0.116). But, in occlusal margins the results were significant among the groups (p=0.015). Also according to non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests among the occlusal microleakage scores, group B and D (Diode laser irradiation after primer and Diode laser irradiation after primer and adhesive) showed significant results. Conclusion: This study findings showed that in 6th generation adhesives, Diode laser irradiation on self-etch primer before bonding have significant effect on reduction of occlusal marginal microleakage in class V cavities although there was no significant positive effect of Diode laser on gingival margins.

In vitro Evaluation and Comparison of Microleakage of Two Restorative Composite Resins in Class II Situations using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

The placement of composite in teeth is not an easy task and it poses many challenges. Microleakage is one of the factors that affects the success of any composite restoration. It influences the longevity of dental restorations. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare microleakage of two restorative composites resins in class II cavities using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This was an in vitro study, which included 20 permanent mandibular first molar. On each tooth, 40 class II cavities were prepared with a carbide bur. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. Group I included teeth in which SonicFill Bulk Fill composite was used. Group II included teeth in which Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite was used. The microleakage was measured using confocal microscopy at 10* magnification in the fluorescent mode by a scoring system. Estimation was done at cervical and occlusal levels, wherein group I included 10 teeth which were restored with SonicFill Bulk Fill composite and group II included 10 teeth which were restored with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite. Microleakage was quantified on scoring basis, which was consecutively based on the dye penetration at different levels. Data thus obtained statistically revealed that microleakage was comparatively more in group II as compared with group I. In addition, it was somewhat similar on both cervical as well as occlusal regions. The difference was significant (p = 0.05). Comparison was also done at cervical and occlusal levels using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which showed significant levels of differences (p > 0.05). There is more microleakage in Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite as compared with SonicFill Bulk Fill composite. No material seems to totally eliminate microleakage in class II situations with gingival margin ended in dentine. However, CLSM is a useful tool in microleakage evaluation that could be used successfully to estimate the severity of microbial penetrations and material of choice as well.

The effects of self-etch bio-active dental adhesive systems on bacterial microleakage

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bio-active and non-bio-active self-etch adhesive sytems on bacterial microleakage of class II box cavities with restoration margins in dentin. Two bio-active (Clearfil Protect Bond and F1 Bond II) and two nonbio-active (Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil s3 Bond) adhesive systems were selected for the study. Eighty mesial and distal class II box cavities were prepared on fourty sound human third molar teeth. The teeth were then divided into four groups with 10 teeth in each group. Groups were restorated using different adhesive systems. The restored specimens were immersed into a culture medium containing streptococcus mutans for bacterial microleakage test. Serial sections of the specimens were used to evaluate the bacterial lekage by using light microscope. The data obtained from the test of bacterial microleakage was evaluated using 2-way mixed analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless it was observed that none of the tested adhesive systems including the bio-active ones were successfull in eliminating bacterial microleakage.

Microleakage in Class V Cavities Restored with Composite Resin Using Chitosan and Consepsis as the Cavity Disinfectants

Microleakage in Class V Cavities Restored with Composite Resin Using Chitosan and Consepsis as the Cavity Disinfectants

Evaluation of the Effect of Preheating on Micro Leakage of Class II Composites Restoration : A Comparative in Vitro Study

Evaluation of the Effect of Preheating on Micro Leakage of Class II Composites Restoration : A Comparative in Vitro Study

Influence of Different Photoinitiators on Polymerization Kinetics and Marginal Microleakage in Restorations using Photopolymerizable Dental Composites

Objective: To evaluate the influence of four different photoinitiators on the polymerization kinetics and marginal microleakage in class V restorations using photopolymerizable dental composites. Material and Methods: Four photopolymerizable dental composites based on Bis-GMA (14.5 wt %), UDMA (6.5 wt %) and silanized filler particles (79 wt %) containing different photoinitiators were formulated. Camphorquinone (CQ)/amine, phenyl-propanedione (PPD), monoacylphosphine oxide (Lucirin ® TPO) and bisacylphosphine oxide (Irgacure ® 819) were used as photoinitiators. Sixteen intact human third molars were selected and divided into four groups. All teeth received class V cavity preparations in their buccal and lingual surfaces and were submitted to a dye leakage test. Data were independently analyzed for both enamel and dentin, and the results were assessed by a Kruskal-Walis test. The polymerization reactions of the four composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter coupled with photocalorimeter accessory. Results: Lucirin ® TPO presented the highest scores for microleakage in enamel, whereas the other photoinitiators have not demonstrated statistical differences. The lowest scores were obtained for PPD in dentin while the highest scores have been achieved by Irgacure ® 819 and Lucirin ® TPO. Photocalorimetric measurements demonstrated a correlation between polymerization reaction rate and marginal leakage, showing that faster reactions cause greater marginal leakage. Conclusion : Marginal microleakage scores in photopolymerizable dental composites can be greatly influenced by different types of photoinitiators through their distinct reaction rates.

In vitro microleakage of class v composite restorations prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser and carbide bur

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the degree of microleakage on enamel and dentin margins of class V cavities prepared with either a high-speed drill or an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm) and to associate their use with a beveling method for the margin. Method and Materials: Sixty bovine incisors were randomly distributed into three groups. Group 1 (G1) cavities were laser prepared and bur beveled, group 2 (G2) cavities were bur prepared and beveled, while cavities of group 3 (G3) were laser prepared and beveled. Cavities were restored with selective enamel etching, using the same bonding agent and nano-hybrid resin composite for all groups. After thermocycling, microleakage was assessed using a methylene blue dye penetration method. Results: Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison tests) demonstrated significantly higher microleakage for dentin compared to enamel margins in G1. Enamel margin microleakage was found to be significantly higher at G3 compared to G1 (p=0.032) and G2 (p=0.001), while no significant differences were found between G1 and G2 (p=0.850). Regarding dentin margins, G2 group performed significantly better than G1 and G3 (p&lt;&lt;0.001), while there was no significant difference among G1 and G3 scores (p=1.000). Conclusions: The conventional cavity preparation method seems to perform better in terms of microleakage than the Er,Cr;YSGG laser. Laser-prepared cavities could perform better in terms of microleakage if an additional step of enamel bur-beveling is performed prior to restoration.

Universal Adhesive Systems in Class II Amalgam Restorations

Objective: to assess the effectiveness of adhesive system in reducing microleakage in Class II amalgam restorations.Methods: The teeth were divided randomly into 3 equal groups: Group I was the control experiment (Copal Vanish); Group II: single Bond Universal 3M-ESPE (with and without acid – 37%); and Group III: All Bond Universal – BISCO (with and without acid – 37%), after the amalgam was condensed. The root apices were then sealed with acrylic resin and stored for 24 hours in 100% humidity. After storage, the specimens were subjected to 500 cycles of thermocycling (5°C and 55°C). The teeth were isolated with cosmetic nail polish and were immersed in 0.5 basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. The teeth then were sectioned with a diamond disc and observed under a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was assessed using a 0-3 scale of dye penetration. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p&lt;0.05).Results: The microleakage scores revealed less leakage in the experimental groups than in the control group. The microleakage for the adhesives without acid conditioning was reduced, although no statistical significance was recorded (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The immediate adhesive material acted effectively as a barrier for microleakage when it was applied without acid.

Effect of the Amount of Hydroxyethylmethacrylate in an Experimental Dentin Bonding System on the Degree of Conversion and Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations

Background: Experimental dentin bonding systems containing nanoclay fillers have shown high microleakage, which may be due to the high concentration of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in their composition. Objectives: This study sought to assess the effect of using different concentrations of HEMA in an experimental dentin bonding system containing PAA-g-nanoclay on the degree of conversion and microleakage of class V composite restorations. Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 60 class V cavities prepared in the buccal and/or lingual surfaces of sound-extracted premolar teeth. The cavities were restored using an experimental dentin bonding agent containing PAA-g-nanoclay and a light-cure composite in three groups (n = 20) with a HEMA concentration of 15% (group 1), 20% (group 2), and 30% (group 3) in the adhesive. After thermocycling, microleakage was assessed at the occlusal and gingival margins of the restorations using the dye penetration method. The degree of conversion of the dentin bonding agent was calculated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher’s exact, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results: Microleakage at the occlusal and gingivalmargins was not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.05), but the difference inmicroleakage between the occlusal and gingival margins was significant within each group (P < 0.001). The three groups were not significantly different in terms of degree of conversion (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, HEMA concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 30% in our experimental bonding agent had no effect on themicroleakage of class V restorations. They were not significantly different in terms of degree of conversion either.

Effect of the Amount of Hydroxyethylmethacrylate in an Experimental Dentin Bonding System on the Degree of Conversion and Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations

Effect of the Amount of Hydroxyethylmethacrylate in an Experimental Dentin Bonding System on the Degree of Conversion and Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations - Journal of Dental Research - - Kowsar

Microleakage in class V cavities prepared using conventional method versus Er:YAG laser restored with glass ionomer cement or resin composite

This study evaluated the effect of tooth preparation method (diamond bur vs. Er:YAG laser) on the microleakage levels of glass ionomers and resin composite. Human permanent premolars (N = 80) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40). Cavities on half of the teeth were prepared using diamond bur for enamel and carbide bur for dentin and the other half using Er:YAG laser. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the restoration materials, namely (a) ChemFil Rock (CFR), (b) IonoluxAC (IAC), (c) EQUIA system (EQA) and one resin composite (d) AeliteLS (ALS) (n = 10 per group). Microleakage (μm) was assessed at the occlusal and gingival margins after dye penetration (0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 h). On the occlusal aspect, while the cavity preparation types significantly affected the microleakage for CFR (p = 0.015), IAC (p = 0.001) glass ionomer restorations, it did not show significant effect for glass ionomer EQA (p = 0.09) and resin composite ALS (p = 0.2). Er:YAG laser presented less microleakage compared to bur preparation in all groups except for EQA. On the gingival aspect, microleakage decreased significantly for CFR (p = 0.02), IAC (p = 0.001), except for EQA where significant increase was observed (p = 0.001) with the use of Er:YAG laser. Microleakage decrease was not significant at the gingival region between diamond bur and Er:YAG laser for ALS (p = 0.663). At the occlusal and gingival sites in all groups within each preparation method, microleakage level was not significant.

MICROLEAKAGE OF CLASS II COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS WITH DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE TECHNIQUES (AN IN VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Microleakage has been regarded as a primary concern for the use of composites in class II cavity restorations. Many techniques have attempted to minimize this leakage.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage in class II cavities restored with composite resins applied with either incremental, bulk fill or Sonic fill techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty sound human permanent lower molars extracted for periodontal problems. Occluso-mesial class II cavity was prepared in each tooth, with the cervical margin of the proximal box located 1 mm occlusal to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The prepared teeth were randomly distributed to four groups with 10 specimens each (n=10). In each group, a self-etch adhesive was applied, followed by composite resin that was applied in either incremental, bulk fill or sonic fill technique; Group I: [Optibond all in one +Herculite XRV Ultra], Group II: [ Optibond all in one+ Premise flowable + Herculite XRV Ultra], Group III: [Single bond universal+Filtek bulkfill + Filtek Z250XT], Group IV: [ Optibond all in oneSonicFill]. All restored specimens were soaked in basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours, and sectioned mesiodistally to detect the extent of dye penetration by stereomicroscope. Data were collected and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The cervical margins showed more microleakage than the occlusal margins. Sonicfill in Group IV recorded the lowest mean value of microleakage scores among the four groups occlusally (mean=0.10), whereas Premise Flowable + Hercuilte XRV Ultra in Group II showed the highest mean value (1.20) . Sonic fill in Group 1V recorded the lowest mean value of microleakage scores among the four groups cervically (mean= 0.80), whereas Premise Flowable + Hercuilte XRV Ultra in Group II showed the highest mean value (1.60). Kruskall-Wallis test proved no significant difference among groups. Mann Whitney test proved significant difference between Group II and Group IV occlusally.CONCLUSIONS: Sonic fill showed the best results in terms of marginal seal

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS V CAVITY USING NEW GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY.

30Apr 2016 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS V CAVITY USING NEW GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY. Shameera.N.K , Shravan Kini , Prithviraj. K.J and Harish. K. Shetty. Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 575018. Reader, Yenepoya, Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 575018. Reader , Yenepoya, Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India ,575018. Senior Professor & Head of the Department, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 575018.

The effect of surface sealants with different filler content on microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations.

Objective:Microleakage is still one of the most cited reasons for failure of resin composite restorations. Alternative methods to prevent microleakage have been investigated increasingly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations with or without application of surface sealants with different filler content.Materials and Methods:Ninety-six cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces with the coronal margins located in enamel and the cervical margins located in dentin. The cavities restored with an adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) and resin composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 h and separated into four groups according to the surface sealants (Control, Fortify, Fortify Plus, and G-Coat Plus). The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5–55° C), immersed in basic fuchsine, sectioned, and analyzed for dye penetration using stereomicroscope. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni–Dunn test.Results:The results of the study indicated that there was minimum leakage at the enamel margins of all groups. Bonferroni–Dunn tests revealed that Fortify and GC-Coat groups showed significantly less leakage than the Control group and the Fortify Plus group at dentin margins in lingual surfaces (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The all surface sealants used in this study eliminated microleakage at enamel margins. Moreover, unfilled or nanofilled surface sealants were the most effective in decreasing the degree of marginal microleakage at dentin margins. However, viscosity and penetrability of the sealants could be considered for sealing ability besides composition.

In vitro evaluation of microleakage of class V cavities restored with new flowable compomers on the primary teeth.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro microleakage of new flowable compomers in the class V cavities of primary teeth. Thirty freshly extracted, non-carious, primary molars without visible defects were used in this study. Class V cavities (n = 60), with the occlusal and cervical margins located in the enamel, were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Group 1: restored with Twinky Star Flow (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), Group 2: restored with Dyract Flow (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) and Group 3: restored with R&amp;D Series Nova Compomer Flow (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After a thermocycling regimen of 1000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C, the samples were isolated, immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h at 37°C and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. The sections were evaluated for values of microleakage with a stereomicroscope. All materials showed microleakage but no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups (p&gt;0.05). The highest microleakage score was observed in group II (1.65 ± 0.49) and group I (1.75 ± 0.44) at occlusal and gingival margins, respectively. Flowable compomers showed insignificantly least amount of microleakage in class V cavities prepared on primary molars.