MI Profiles Research Articles

Deciphering the prognostic value of FGFR2b/2c isoform expression levels in advanced esophagogastric cancer through whole-transcriptome sequencing.

53 Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) isoform switching from FGFR2b to FGFR2c has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and enhanced invasive potential in various malignancies and potentially be involved in resistance mechanisms to FGFR2b targeted therapy (e.g., bemarituzumab). This study sought to investigate the potential of respective FGFR2 isoform expression evaluation utilizing whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) and its correlation with therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced G/GEJ cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced G/GEJ cancer who received systemic therapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between May 2021 and September 2023, and were enrolled in the immunological profiling study (UMIN000019129) and MONSTAR-SCREEN-2 (UMIN000043899) were included. FGFR2 protein and RNA expression were assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and WTS with Caris MI Profile, respectively. FGFR2b and FGFR2c isoforms were distinguished by the detection of their respective splice junctions using WTS data. The FGFR2b/(2b+2c) ratio was stratified into FGFR2b-dominat and -containing subtypes using the median value. The log-rank test was used to discern differences in overall survival (OS). Results: Among the 129 patients, 21 (16.3%) exhibited FGFR2-positivity by IHC (staining intensity 2+ or 3+≥1% membranous staining of tumor cells), and a significant correlation was observed between FGFR2 IHC status and RNA expression levels (TPM: transcript per million) in WTS (FGFR2-positive, median TPM=11.1; FGFR2-negative, median TPM=4.7; P=0.002). The distribution of FGFR2b/(2b+2c) ratio (median, 0.89) was: 10.9% (0≤x<0.2), 5.4% (0.2≤x<0.4), 7.0% (0.4≤x<0.6), 12.4% (0.6≤x<0.8), 43.4% (0.8≤x<1.0), and 20.9% (x=1.0). Among 58 patients treated with 1st line therapy, no significant difference in treatment response was observed between the FGFR2b-dominat (67.9%) and FGFR2c-containing subtypes (53.3%) (P=0.259). Overall, the FGFR2c-containing subtype was associated with significantly shorter OS compared to the FGFR2b-dominat subtype (median OS, 10.1 vs. 17.9 months; hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.86; log-rank P=0.037). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the substantial concordance between IHC and WTS analysis of FGFR2, the feasibility of distinguishing FGFR2 isoforms using WTS, and the prognostic implications of FGFR2c isoform in patients with advanced G/GEJ cancer. Further analysis is warranted in patients receiving FGFR2b targeted treatment.

Upstream regulation of neurotransmitter signaling genes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients: Data from CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial (Alliance) and MONSTAR-SCREEN-2.

3523 Background: Evidence suggests neurotransmitter signaling may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as angiogenesis and the microenvironment. We developed and applied a strategy to identify upstream regulators of neurotransmitters and their associations with patient outcomes. Methods: Prior literature yielded 85 neurotransmitter signaling genes mapped to RNA-seq gene expression in tumor tissue from 545 patients with mCRC enrolled in the phase III CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial. These samples were also sequenced by FoundationOne CDx for DNA damage. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we identified a subset of CDx genes associated with overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). We extended the Causal Inference Test (CIT) for time-to-event data and identified a subset of the 85 signaling genes consistent with mediation of DNA mutation effects on OS and PFS. Another CIT analysis identified potential upstream neurotransmitter regulators, gene expression mediators of mutation effects on the signaling genes. Top genes were then assessed in whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) expression data with Caris MI profile collected from 398 patients with advanced CRC enrolled in the MONSTAR-SCREEN-2 trial. Results: At the 0.05 alpha level, we identified 20 signaling genes with gene expression associated with PFS and/or OS, and 68 genes with evidence of DNA mutations associated with PFS and/or OS. False discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 was applied to filter the 56,674 expression features on PFS and OS associations, yielding 173 unique genes as possible mediators. The CIT yielded 53 putative mediators at FDR < 0.05, suggesting upstream regulation of neurotransmitter signaling. Five genes were identified as targeting at least 8 signaling genes each, PIGU, ANO9, LY6G6D, and GPR160, and FSCN1, where the first 4 are favorable and only FSCN1 is a poorer prognostic. Following up on these 5 genes in MONSTAR-SCREEN-2 by dichotomizing at the median value of WTS expression, 3 were nominally associated with OS, PIGU ( P = 0.050; HR, 0.59; 95%CI, 0.34-1.00), ANO9( P = 0.029; HR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.32-0.95), LY6G6D( P = 0.0024; HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.25-0.76), and FSCN1 was suggestive ( P = 0.079; HR, 1.62; 95%CI, 0.94-2.77), with direction of effects in agreement with 80405 results for all four. Conclusions: Our novel approach identified previously unknown upstream regulators of neurotransmitter signaling associated with treatment outcomes in mCRC. PIGU, FSCN1, and LY6G6D have been suggested in prior literature as targets for CRC and ANO9 has been suggested as a target for GI cancer. These results bolster the strategy of using mediation analysis with large-scale molecular data to identify new therapeutic targets in CRC. NCT00265850.

A Comparative Study of Multiple Intelligences Profiles and English Language Achievement Among Primary School Students in Urban and Rural Areas

This research study aimed to measure and compare the MI profile of urban and rural primary school students to understand the relationship between intelligence type and English language learning. A cross-sectional research design was adopted to solve the query, and using purposive sampling techniques, two (02) of the schools, one each, i.e., urban & rural, were selected, and twenty-six students from each school were included in the study sample. Both genders were given equal representation. A standardized test was used to measure the participants' MI; later, a test for grade-five level students was constructed to measure their proficiency in all language skills, i.e., listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The standardized and language proficiency test results were compared, showing a relationship between linguistic-verbal Intelligence and language learning, and has ultimately proved the theory proposed by Harward Gardner.

Efficacy of biomarker-matched therapy in clinical trials for advanced gastrointestinal cancers: A pooled analysis of SCRUM-Japan studies.

753 Background: We conduct the SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR-SCREEN, a nationwide molecular profiling project to facilitate the enrollment of patients with advanced solid tumors into matched clinical trials based on identified biomarkers. Here, we investigated clinical outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal cancers in this project. Methods: The SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN was launched for gastrointestinal cancers in 2015, followed by GOZILA, MONSTAR-SCREEN-1, and MONSTAR-SCREEN-2 for advanced solid tumors. The used profiling assay for genomic alterations was Oncomine Comprehensive Assay for tumor tissue in GI-SCREEN, Guardant360 for plasma in GOZILA, FoundationOne CDx for tissue and FoundationOne Liquid CDx for plasma in MONSTAR-SCREEN-1, and CARIS MI Profile for tissue in MONSTAR-SCREEN-2. Patients were treated in clinical trials or practice based on identified biomarkers. We analyzed data from patients with gastrointestinal cancers in this project. Results: Of 11,408 patients enrolled in our project as of May 22, 2023, 555 (5.0%) were enrolled in matched clinical trials based on identified biomarkers. The major cancer types that had matched clinical trials included colorectal (63.2%), biliary tract (12.4%), gastric (n=9.2%), esophageal (n=6.5%), and pancreatic cancer (n=4.7%). The objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival, and median overall survival (OS) for patients in matched trials were 27.8% (95% CI, 24.0% to 31.9%), 3.0 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 3.7 months), and 14.4 months (95% CI, 13.0 to 16.1). The major treatment lines in which investigational drugs were administered were third (24.6%) and fourth (16.0%) line. Evaluating by each drug target given to at least 20 patients, therapies targeting HER2 had the highest ORR of 46%, followed by PD-1/PD-L1 (33%), BRAF (30%), and MEK (28%). Antibody-drug conjugates demonstrated the highest ORR with 48.8%, followed by monoclonal antibodies at 37.7% and small molecule inhibitors at 23.0%. Overall, patients who received matched therapy in clinical trials or practice had significantly longer OS than those who did not (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.84; P <0.01). Conclusions: Our nationwide molecular profiling project has facilitated the enrollment of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers in clinical trials. Furthermore, it demonstrated a survival benefit by providing patients matching targeted therapy.

Prognostic effects of co-occurring TP53 and KRAS aberrations in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.

538 Background: In biliary tract cancer (BTC), TP53 is the most commonly altered gene and may co-occur with KRAS alteration. The presence of a co-alterations in of TP53 and KRAS is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. In patients (pts) with advanced BTC, the prognostic implications of such co-alterations have not been fully investigated. Methods: This is a pooled analysis of SCRUM-Japan GOZILA and MONSTAR-SCREEN-1 and -2 studies. Genomic profiling was conducted with Guardant360 for plasma in GOZILA, FoundationOne CDx for tissue and FoundationOne Liquid CDx for plasma in MONSTAR-SCREEN-1, and CARIS MI Profile for tissue in MONSTAR-SCREEN-2. Pts with advanced BTC receiving systemic therapy were included in this study. Results: Among 636 pts with advanced BTC, 85 had TP53/KRAS co-alteration, 293 had TP53, 44 had KRAS, and 214 had neither KRAS nor TP53 alteration (WT/WT). Tumors with TP53 alteration had significantly higher level of tumor mutation burden (TMB) compared to the other groups (3.8 mut/Mb for TP53/KRAS, 5.0 mut/Mb for TP53, 2.8 mut/Mb for KRAS, and 2.5 mut/Mb for WT/WT, respectively, P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-High) in the TP53/KRAS group (11.0%) was significantly higher compared to the TP53 group (3.1%, P<0.05), and the WT/WT group (0.6%, P<0.001), respectively. The objective response rate of first-line therapy in the TP53/KRAS group (8.2%) was significantly lower than in the other groups (20.8% for TP53, 23.3% for KRAS, and 19.7% for WT/WT groups, P=0.035). There was no pts treated with durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin. Two pts with TP53/KRAS alteration and MSI-High received pembrolizumab monotherapy, and partial response was achieved with a progression-free survival of 9.4 and 22.0 months. The median overall survival (OS) for pts treated with first-line therapy of the TP53/KRAS, KRAS, TP53, and WT/WT groups were 13.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-15.5), 14.3 (95%CI, 9.7-25.9), 18.8 (95%CI, 16.9-20.6), and 22.7 months (95%CI, 20.4-25.9), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified TP53/KRAS alteration (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14, 95%CI 1.43-3.22, P<0.001), number of detected variants (≥2) (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.04-2.16, P=0.029), locally advanced (HR 1.72, 95%CI 1.05-2.83, P=0.033), and metastatic status (HR 1.78, 95%CI 1.39-2.28, P<0.001) as independent prognostic factors for shorter OS. Conclusions: Patients with advanced BTC with co-occurring TP53/KRAS alterations have worse prognosis. Interestingly, the presence of these co-alterations was associated with a higher likelihood of MSI-High phenotype.

Incorporating Multiple Intelligences in L2 Writing Classes: New Horizons in Redefining the Classroom

This article seeks to restore the notion of the classroom in light of emerging pedagogies. It attempts to provide a sketchy introduction of the theory of multiple intelligences and its potential gains in ELT. Despite the variance of teaching methods and approaches implemented in classrooms, students’ results in some topics have remained below the par of teachers’ expectations. This article attempts to provide a solution to teaching students to their differences and learning preferences. It investigates the impacts of accommodating students’ intelligences profiles in writing classes. To fulfill this objective, 114 male and female participants majoring in English at the University of Kairouan were asked to write a five-paragraph essay and respond to a writing strategies questionnaire, a multiple intelligences inventory. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Pearson Correlation and ANOVA techniques to probe possible correlations and predictability levels between MI profiles and WS. The findings indicated that there is a significant degree of correlations between learners’ multiple intelligence profiles and the writing strategies they use when writing. As for the impacts of multiple intelligences on writing quality, the results revealed weak or no significant correlations. It is then suggested that the same study should be further elaborated within the same L2 context with larger population to acknowledge learners’ differences and learning preferences and benefit from new dimensions in teaching paradigms Chronic deterioration of learners results in different language topics The current upheaval caused by the striking pandemic Lack of homogeneity in the syllabi provided to university students For the above reasons, implementing the Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner 1983/1999) and Computer Assisted Language Learning at the university level classroom could boost the teaching/ learning and would reduce apprehension and foster learning achievements. So, knowing learners’ individual differences and preferences and integrating CALL in the classroom would allow teachers to establish “broad range of teaching strategies with their students” (Armstrong, 2009). Gardner (2006) also concludes that “people have very different kinds of minds… then education which treats everybody the same way, is actually the most unfair education”. Briefly, incorporating intelligences whether cognitive or artificial and recognizing the blended learning would revolutionize the notion of the classroom and reduce inconveniences between the teaching input and the learning output. Therefore, the new CLASSROOM would be effective, inspiring, and prospective.

IMPACT OF TEACHING CONTENT EXPLOITATION MI (MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE) TO REINFORCE THE SKILLS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

This study aims to investigate and explore the impact of learner-based philosophy according to human intelligence with various dimensions were as the learner differ in the strength and combinations of intelligence. To enhance the skills of language development. This study examined the depth of the learner by pre and post testing, collecting data of the individuals and survey methodology. For being a better predictor of the teaching content. The primary aim of this paper focus on the intelligence of the human. Gardner strongly believes that all the learners can be enhanced by training and practice. Were as the learner may differ from each other to learn a language the teaching methodology and classroom activity should be best to the learner. So that it can be more highly effective than that of others, therefore approaching through the favoring methods to the learner may help them to identify their personal MI profile.

Molecular Profiling Practices in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Academic vs Community Physicians.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is relatively rare but highly aggressive, with most patients diagnosed once they have metastatic or locally invasive disease. Molecular profiling is being explored as a tool for selecting patients for targeted therapy clinical trials and for assessing whether targeted therapies may be effective in PDAC. Whether molecular profiling is being performed at both academic and community oncology clinics has yet to be examined. Here, we characterized the molecular profiling practice patterns in patients with PDAC in academic versus community practices in Denver, Colorado. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with refractory, metastatic PDAC who were referred to a tertiary clinical trials drug development unit in Denver between 2014 and 2019. Results: Of 77 patients, 41 (55%) were men with a mean age of 65 years (SD, 9.3). Fifty-three patients (69%) were referred from the community and 20 (26%) from academic centers; 4 (5%) were self-referred. A total of 51% received profiling prior to referral; 29 of 50 (58%) were from the community and 10 of 21 (47%) from academic settings. Guardant was the most commonly ordered test (47 of 77; 61%); FoundationOne was the second most common (40 of 77; 52%). Twenty-three of 77 patients (30%) received both Guardant and FoundationOne testing, and 3 of 77 (4%) received Caris MI Profile. One patient received a Mocha assay and another received Ascend/Clarient fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Four patients were self-referred, 2 of whom underwent both Guardant and FoundationOne, 1 who underwent Guardant testing only, and 1 who did not receive any molecular profiling testing. Conclusions: This study characterizes molecular profiling practice patterns in individuals with advanced PDAC who were referred to a tertiary clinical trials drug development unit. Both academic and community physicians were found to order profiling about 50% of the time. Further research is needed to determine impact on clinical trial enrollment and detection of PDAC.

Revisiting the Universality of Multiple Intelligences Theory in English Writing Classroom: Putting Theory Into Practice

The present study was undertaken based on an assumption that there is no full guarantee that the university-level students from English department could be easily successful in writing activities. This might be as a result of differences in individuals’ characteristics contributing to language learning process, and even better it has something to do with the so-called “Intelligence”. While some relevant studies concerned about the relationship between the students’ Multiple Intelligence profile and their ability in language learning, the current findings contradicted the findings that of researches. In relation with writing skill, some show a significant correlation, some found only partial correlation, and some illustrated insignificant correlation between the observed variables. To have a clearer picture as to this arguable issue, the present study’s aim was about to look into the relationship between multiple intelligences as a whole part and linguistic intelligence as a part of multiple intelligences, and writing performance of English department students in a state university. This study employed mix method and the instruments applied were MI Inventory, a writing scale adopted from IELTS writing task 2, and interview. A small number of students, 27 students, actively participated in this study, and the findings indicated that insignificant correlation existed between students’ writing performance and their MI profile as a whole part or as independent intelligence, namely linguistic intelligence.

Students’ multiple intelligences in video-assisted learning environments

Many educators who advocate the use of multiple intelligences theory are claiming its efficiency in teaching practice across various education settings and modes. Despite its claimed potential to enhance teaching and learning through increased attention to students’ learning styles and preferences, the use of this theory seems to be largely ignored in higher education settings. In providing an optimal learning environment for learners, educators need to understand students’ prior experiences and current perceptions, in order to make best use of digital technology affordances to improve student learning. This mixed-methods research focuses on the differences in students’ MI according to age and gender and students’ perceptions of the value of online videos and reports whether employing various types of videos within a learning module could increase and support learning needs and intelligences of students. The quantitative findings of the study revealed that students are higher on Intrapersonal intelligence and lower in Existential intelligence. Bodily-Kinesthetic and Verbal-Linguistic intelligences were also found as other highly developed intelligences of students. In addition, significant differences between the MI profiles of the students and their age and gender categories were found. The qualitative phase of the study revealed that videos could address students’ various intelligence types and abilities. Students also reported that video integration could improve their learning abilities and experience.

Multiple Intelligences, Motivations and Learning Experience Regarding Video-Assisted Subjects in a Rural University

This study investigates multiple intelligences in relation to online video experiences, age, gender, and mode of learning from a rural Australian university. The inter-relationships between learners' different intelligences and their motivations and learning experience with the supplementary online videos utilised in their subjects are investigated. These videos were accessed by students using a variety of digital devices, including mobile devices and in lecture theatres. Quantitative responses using online surveys were collected from 111 students. Measures included McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligences Inventory and the Online Video Experience Inventory. The Online Video Experience Inventory resulted in two sub-scales, namely, motivation and learning experience. Overall multiple intelligences was significantly positively correlated with learning experience but not student motivation. Although the findings revealed a significant difference between the MI profiles of respondents and their age category, it was revealed thatall students are lower in Existential intelligence. Further analyses between gender and the MI subscales also indicated significant differences between gender and Logical-Mathematical and Intrapersonal intelligences. However, a negligible significant relationship was found between the two sub-scales of the Learning Experience Inventory and age of the participants.

Characterization of Patients Who Present With Insomnia: Is There Room for a Symptom Cluster-Based Approach?

This study examined empirically derived symptom cluster profiles among patients who present with insomnia using clinical data and polysomnography. Latent profile analysis was used to identify symptom cluster profiles of 175 individuals (63% female) with insomnia disorder based on total scores on validated self-report instruments of daytime and nighttime symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale), mean values from a 7-day sleep diary (sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency), and total sleep time derived from an in-laboratory PSG. The best-fitting model had three symptom cluster profiles: "High Subjective Wakefulness" (HSW), "Mild Insomnia" (MI) and "Insomnia-Related Distress" (IRD). The HSW symptom cluster profile (26.3% of the sample) reported high wake after sleep onset, high sleep onset latency, and low sleep efficiency. Despite relatively comparable PSG-derived total sleep time, they reported greater levels of daytime sleepiness. The MI symptom cluster profile (45.1%) reported the least disturbance in the sleep diary and questionnaires and had the highest sleep efficiency. The IRD symptom cluster profile (28.6%) reported the highest mean scores on the insomnia-related distress measures (eg, sleep effort and arousal) and waking correlates (fatigue). Covariates associated with symptom cluster membership were older age for the HSW profile, greater obstructive sleep apnea severity for the MI profile, and, when adjusting for obstructive sleep apnea severity, being overweight/obese for the IRD profile. The heterogeneous nature of insomnia disorder is captured by this data-driven approach to identify symptom cluster profiles. The adaptation of a symptom cluster-based approach could guide tailored patient-centered management of patients presenting with insomnia, and enhance patient care.

Comparison of the Multiple Intelligences of Freshmen from Different Programs of the San Mateo Municipal College

This paper studied the Multiple Intelligences of freshmen students belonging to the 10 different programs of the San Mateo Municipal College in the Province of Rizal, Republic of the Philippines. A 35-item instrument was administered on the respondents which measured Howard Gardner’s original 7 MI domains. Out of a total population of 870 freshmen students, 398 respondents or a sample size of 45.74% was taken. The respondents were chosen from the programs of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Bachelor of Science in Office Administration, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Marketing Management, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management, Bachelor of Accounting Technology, Bachelor of Elementary Education, Bachelor of Secondary Education, Bachelor of Arts in English, Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Technical Vocational Education and Training. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using weighted mean, standard deviation and analysis of variance which was computed using F ratio. The researcher found differences between the respondents belonging to the different programs in terms of all 7 Multiple Intelligences studied. The MI profile of the respondents according to each program was also found to be unique.

Amorphous Fe72Cu1V4Si15B8 ribbon as magneto-impedance sensing element

?agneto-impedance (MI) effect in the Fe72Cu1V4Si15B8 amorphous ribbon obtained by melt spinning method has been studied. The aim of study was the characterisation of this ribbon in as-cast state in terms of its application as a MI sensor. The experiments on MI elements were performed in the frequency range from 30 kHz to 300 MHz and maximum external magnetic field up to 28.6 kA/m. Maximum observed MI-ratio (?Z = Z(0) - Z(Hmax), Hmax = 28.6 kA/m) has amounted to ?Z/Z(Hmax) = 173% at a frequency of 20.46 MHz. The MI curve measured up to 20 MHz shows some shoulder indicating the growth of rotational contribution of magnetization that appears above the domain wall relaxation frequency. The MI profile at frequencies higher than 30 MHz, exhibits a clear peak positioned at transverse anisotropy field Hk, suggesting domination of rotation magnetization in transverse permeability. The linearity in the range up to 5 kA/m with sensitivity of about 11 %/kA/m was observed.

Multiple Intelligences Profiles of Junior Secondary School Students in Indonesia

This study aimed to investigate the Multiple Intelligences profiles of the students at junior secondary school in Makassar. The Multiple Intelligences Inventory was used to identify the dominant intelligence among the students. The sample of this research was 302 junior secondary schools students in Makassar Indonesia who willing to participated in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to investigate the students’ MI profiles. The results of this study showed that all intelligences were possessed by the students either in strong, moderate, or weak category. Existential intelligence became the strongest intelligence among the nine types of multiple intelligences. Moreover, other types of multiple intelligences in strong category were interpersonal intelligence and verbal-linguistic intelligence. They were the second and the third intelligence of the strongest intelligences. The other types were in moderate category, were intrapersonal intelligence, musical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, logical mathematic intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. In terms of gender, the study revealed, male students significantly possessed stronger in logical-mathematic intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence, Meanwhile, Female students were significantly stronger in musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and existential intelligence. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between male students and female students in verbal linguistic intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, and naturalist intelligence.

Impact of Neurologic Deficits on Motor Imagery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evaluations

Motor imagery (MI, the mental representation of an action without engaging in its actual execution) is a therapeutically relevant technique to promote motor recovery after neurologic disorders. MI shares common neural and psychological bases with physical practice. Interestingly, both acute and progressive neurologic disorders impact brain motor networks, hence potentially eliciting changes in MI capacities. How experimental neuroscientists and medical practitioners should assess and take into account these changes in order to design fruitful interventions is largely unresolved. Understanding how the psychometric, behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of MI are impacted by neurologic disorders is required. To address this brain-behavior issue, we conducted a systematic review of MI data in stroke, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and amputee participants. MI evaluation methods are presented. Redundant MI profiles, primarily based on psychometric and behavioral evaluations, emerged in each clinical population. When present, changes in the psychometric and behavioral correlates of MI were highly congruent with the corresponding motor impairments. Neurophysiological recordings yielded specific changes in cerebral activations during MI, which mirrored structural and functional reorganizations due to neuroplasticity. In this view, MI capacities may not be deteriorated per se by neurologic diseases resulting in chronic motor incapacities, but adjusted to the current state of the motor system. Literature-driven orientations for future clinical research are provided.

Pre-service English as a foreign language teachers' perceptions of the relationship between multiple intelligences and foreign language learning

The relationship between intelligence, language, and learning is a challenging field of study. One way to study how this relationship occurs and works is to investigate the perceptions of advanced language learners. Therefore, this paper reports a study that was conducted to explore 160 pre-service English language teachers' perceptions about which type(s) of multiple intelligence(s) play a role in foreign language learning. The findings of the study indicated that virtually all participants (97%) agreed on making use of all intelligence types in the process of foreign language learning and linguistic intelligence alone does not guarantee success in learning a foreign language. The results of the study also illustrate that multiple intelligences and foreign language learning have an ongoing, complex, and interactive relationship. Finally, a foreign language learning discipline MI profile is suggested.

초등학교 언어창작영재의 적성과 진로성향 및 진로성숙도 연구

본 연구는 교육청 글쓰기 대회에서 수상하여 언어영재캠프에 참여한 초등학교 4, 5학년 학생들(60명)을 대상으로 언어창작영재들의 적성과 진로성향 및 진로성숙도를 알아보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다중지능 프로파일은 언어적성, 음악적성이 강점지능으로, 논리 수학적성이 약점지능으로 나타났다. 둘째, 우수적성은 음악적성과 언어적성으로 나타난 학생의 수가 많았고, 논리 수학적성이 가장 적었다. 논리 수학흥미와 논리 수학성취가 유의수준 p<.01.에서 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 진로성향은 언어성향과 인간친화성향의 학생이 가장 많았고, 음악적성, 자연친화적성, 인간친화적성은 우수적성과 진로성향에 있어 큰 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 과반수 이상(41명, 68%)의 학생이 조기 진로성숙의 특성을 보였다. 언어창작영재들의 성공적인 진로선택을 위해 우수적성에 어울리는 직업의 안내와 진로성향에 맞는 적성을 강화시키는 교육을 제공해야 할 것이다. This study have an intention of identifying multiple intelligence aptitude, career tendency and career maturity of verbal writing gifted students. 60 verbal writing gifted students who have achieved success in the writing contest were collected for this study. The data was selected through survey MI instruments from the students. The results are summarized as follow. First, verbal writing gifted students' MI profiles were revealed that linguistic intelligence, musical intelligence were strong, and logicalmathematical intelligence was weak. Second, many verbal writing gifted students showed strong musical career aptitude and strong linguistic career aptitude but few writing gifted students showed strong logical-mathematical aptitude. It was revealed that logical-mathematical interest had significant relationship with logical-mathematical achievement in the p-value<.01. Third, there were many linguistic career tendency students & interpersonal career tendency students. But there was no naturalist career tendency student. Musical career tendency, naturalist career tendency showed big differences between strong career aptitude and career tendency. Fourth, career maturity of verbal writing gifted student was very high. The finding can be explained that most of them have characteristics of early career maturity. Parents, teachers, specialists have to provide career information matching strong aptitude and aptitude improving education matching career tendency to the verbal writing gifted students to choose their career successfully.

Iranian EFL Students’ Writing Strategies for Error Correction: An MI Approach

This study tries to shed some light on the Iranian EFL students’ writing strategies at the revision stage of the process of writing in relation to students’ interpersonal or intrapersonal intelligences. A total of 73 students majoring in English participated in this investigation. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the participants’ writing revision strategies and their dominant MI profiles. An analysis of covariance also indicated that the type of revision did not have any significant effect on the participants’ writing achievement.

ON TEACHING TO DIVERSITY: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MI-INSPIRED INSTRUCTION IN AN EFL CONTEXT

This study reports an experiment conducted to investigate the effectiveness of implementing MI-inspired instruction in an EFL context. To this end, a group of ten intermediate female students took part in a quasi-experimental study. At the beginning of the experiment, Multiple Intelligences Survey (Armstrong, 1993) was administered to determine the participants' MI profiles. The participants were pre-tested using Oxford Placement Test (OPT) (Allen, 2004) to determine their level of proficiency. During the control phase, the participants received so-called 'MI-poor' instruction which mostly focused on verbal-linguistic type of intelligence among others. During the experimental phase, based on the initial MI survey and students' exit slips, a variety of activities were implemented to invoke various types of intelligence. At the end of both control and experimental phases, OPT along with Headway Stop & Check tests were administered. OPT was administered to determine the participants' general progress and Stop & Check tests were given to trace any possible specific progresses. The findings of the study revealed a significant performance on Stop & Check tests which was indicative of the at least partial effectiveness of implementing MI-inspired instruction.