MgO NPs Research Articles

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles alleviate arsenic toxicity, reduce oxidative stress and arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have been attracted by the scientific community for their combating action against heavy metal stress in plants. However, their role towards the mitigation of arsenic (As) induced toxicity is still obscure. In the present study, MgO NPs were synthesized through the green route and assessed their efficacy towards the reduction of As accumulation and phytotoxicity in As-stressed rice cultivar MTU-1010 under laboratory conditions. Initially, rice seedlings were grown under separate and combined applications of As (10mg/L) and MgO NPs (0, 10, 50, and 100mg/L) and further analyzed plant growth attributes and As accumulation in rice seedlings. Characterization of biosynthesized MgO NPs by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the cubic in shape, and crystalline nature (73.10%) with average size ranges from 17-23nm. The growth experiment showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic and other pigments content, and biomass accumulation in rice seedlings under the combined application of As (10mg/L) and MgO NPs (50mg/L) as compared to only As (10mg/L) treatment. Additionally, As exposure resulted in declined primary metabolites such as soluble sugars and protein. However, the application of MgO NPs exhibited the alleviation of As toxicity through significant (p < 0.05) reduction of As accumulation by 34 and 53% in roots and 44 and 62% in shoots of rice seedlings under 50 and 100mg/L MgO NPs supplementations, respectively and restored the accumulation of the primary metabolites. Furthermore, MgO NPs demonstrated the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•-), through significant (p < 0.05) promotion of non-enzymatic (carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and proline) and enzymatic (CAT, POD, and SOD) antioxidant defence under As stress. These findings highlighted the potential of green synthesized MgO NPs towards the mitigation of As contamination in rice plants. However, future study is necessary to unfold the actual mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of MgO NPs and to screen out the optimal dose to be used to formulate a potent nanofertilizer for sustainable rice production in metal-contaminated soils.

Exploring the potential of biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles for cytotoxicity: In vitro and in silico studies on HCT116 and HT29 cells and DPPH radical scavenging

Abstract The goal of this work was to assess the cytotoxicity, chemical characteristics, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity of green-synthesized MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) produced from pumpkin seed extract for their potential therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. The shape, chemical properties, and thermal stability of MgO NPs made with green synthesis were looked at with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis. Three cell lines, HCT-116, HT29, and Vero, were used to test the cytotoxicity of MgO NPs. The AlamarBlue® assay was used for HCT-116 and Vero cells, and the Neutral Red (NR) Uptake Assay was used for HT29 cells. A molecular docking study was done to find out how MgO nanoparticles and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a protein linked to cancerous cells growing out of control, interact. The morphological properties, size, aggregation, shapeless pores, and high surface-to-area volume ratio of biosynthesized MgO NPs were shown using SEM and TEM imagings. The elemental composition of Mg and O in green-synthesized MgO NPs was validated using EDX. The AlamarBlue® assay did not yield IC50 values for HCT-116 and Vero cells, suggesting minimal cytotoxicity in these cell lines. However, the NR Uptake Assay showed an IC50 of 164.1 µg/mL for HT29 cells, indicating a significant impact. The DPPH experiment revealed that MgO nanoparticles had high antioxidant activity, with a scavenging capacity of 61% and an IC50 of 170 μg/mL. In conclusion, MgO nanoparticles produced utilizing green chemistry demonstrated a wide range of biological features, including antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against three cell lines. According to molecular docking studies, these nanoparticles may interact with CDK2, a protein implicated in cancer cell growth. These findings emphasize MgO nanoparticles’ potential for cancer treatment. However, further study is needed to understand the underlying processes and investigate therapeutic applications.

Cytotoxic effects of dose dependent inorganic magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the reproductive organs of rats

Introduction Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have a variety of applications that have contributed to their elevated popularity, however, the safety and toxic effects on humans are also of concern with these increased applications. There is insufficient data regarding the effect of MgO NPs on reproductive organs, which are crucial aspects to the body’s vital physiological functions. The present study was undertaken in male and female rats to assess the reproductive toxicological potential of two doses (low versus high) of MgO NPs on testicular and ovarian tissues. The toxicity was evaluated using histological, hormonal, and oxidative parameters. Material and Methods In this work, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel route and were characterized by X ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). Forty-eight adult Wister albino rats were used in this experiment which were divided into groups of male and female, and then further into control, low dose MgO NPs, and high dose MgO NPs. The low dose used was 131.5 mg/kg b.w. (1/10 LD50) while the high dose used was 263 mg/kg b.w. (1/5 LD50). All doses were given orally by gastric tube. After 4 weeks, blood samples were collected to investigate the level of sex hormones and both ovarian and testicular tissues were examined for variable oxidative parameters and histopathological changes by light microscopy. Results The obtained findings showed that high dose of MgO NPs produced considerable changes in sex hormones and stress parameters in both male and female rats in comparison to the low dose and control groups. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated the presence of histopathological alterations in the testicular and ovarian tissues. Conclusion The results of this study showed dose-dependent adverse effects of MgO NPs on the testis and ovary both functionally and histopathologically as compared to the control rats.

Chitosan-based films blended with moringa leaves and MgO nanoparticles for application in active food packaging

This study aims to address the issue of environmental pollution caused by non-biodegradable petroleum-based food packaging by exploring the application of biodegradable films. Film casting was employed to fabricate food packaging films from chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers blended with moringa extract (MoE) and various concentrations of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs). The films were characterized through multiple techniques, including UV spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The study investigated the physicomechanical properties, water solubility, water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability, migration test, biodegradability, contact angle, anti-fogging, antibacterial and antifungal activity, and application of the films for food packaging. The results showed that blending CS/PVA films with MoE and MgO NPs significantly improved their mechanical properties. The highest tensile strength of 98 MPa was observed in the CPMMgO-0.5 film. The solubility of the films was low, with CPMMgO-0 and CPMMgO-0.25 demonstrating the lowest solubility as weight decreased by 3.41 % and 3.47 %, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability decreased with increasing MgO NP concentrations, with the CPMMgO-0.5 film exhibiting the lowest values. The films also demonstrated good biodegradability, anti-fogging ability, antibacterial and antifungal activity, and low water solubility, enabling bead encapsulation over 14 days in good condition. Moreover, the thermal stability of the films was improved, extending the shelf life of bread. Therefore, the fabricated films provide a promising alternative to non-degradable plastic packaging, which heavily contributes to environmental pollution.

Green synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide nanoparticles for gas sensor application

Green synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide nanoparticles for gas sensor application

Facile synthesis of novel magnesium oxide nanoparticles for pesticide sorption from water.

The quantum of pesticides in surface as well as drinking water has become a serious health hazard. In this experiment, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were synthesized using leaves of purple-colored rice variety (Crossa) and utilized for simultaneous removal of three pesticides, namely, thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos, and fenpropathrin from water. The biogenic MgO NPs were characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, DLS, etc. The optimum synthesis parameters (1M NaOH, 80°C, and 2h) resulted in maximum yield of MgO NPs (87.7mg), minimum hydrodynamic diameter (35.12nm), poly dispersity index (0.14) and mean zeta potential (-11mV). Sorption data of the three pesticides fitted well with non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of MgO NPs for the three pesticides was 87.66µg/mg, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model. Under optimum conditions (initial concentration, 40mg/L; dose, 30mg/30mL; and pH, 9), 60.13, 80.53, and 92.49% removal of thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos, and fenpropathrin was achieved with a 100% desirability, respectively. Thus, the biogenic MgO NPs could be an efficient adsorbent of pesticides and could be recommended for pesticide decontamination in water treatment plants and domestic water purifier systems.

Enhancing Arsenate Removal Efficiency Using Sewater Bittern-Derived MgO Nanoparticles/PVDF-HFP Electrospun Nanofibre Composites

MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) incorporated PVDF-HFP nanofibers have been synthesized using the electrospinning method to remove arsenic from polluted water. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized from seawater bitterns and used as magnesium precursors. The synthesized materials were characterized using various techniques, and their adsorption capacities were evaluated against arsenic under different conditions. The results showed that the maximum adsorption for As(V) adsorption was 41.47 mg g-1 for PVDF-HFP/MgO 30% (w/w), which equals 179.69 mg g-1 based on the weight of bare MgO NPs and achieved at pH 11, a contact time of 420 minutes, and an adsorbent weight of 0.0125 g. Incorporating MgO NPs into the nanofiber matrix can enhance its stability, further increase the adsorption capacity. This study demonstrates the potential of using PVDF-HFP/MgO nanofiber composites to treat arsenic-containing wastewater and further provide commercial benefits for seawater bitterns by serving as a precursor for producing functional nanomaterials.

Biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Hagenia abyssinica female flower aqueous extract for characterization and antibacterial activity

The present study deals with the biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using the Hagenia abyssinica female flower aqueous extract. The prepared MgO NPs were characterized by visual observation, UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, and SEM studies. Optimum parameters such as plant extract volume (25 mL), temperature (60 ℃), pH (12), precursor concentration (1 mM), reaction time (120 min), and the formation of the MgO NPs in the colloidal solution were monitored by a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. XRD patterns of MgO NPs confirmed the face-centered cubic structure and average crystallite size of NPs at 12.8 nm. The FTIR spectra depicted a peak at 407 cm−1, which corresponds to the stretching vibration of MgO and is the characteristic peak for MgO NPs. SEM confirms spherical morphology, and the overall size of MgO NPs ranges from 10 to 40 nm. The antibacterial activity of synthesized MgO NPs was determined by the agar-well-diffusion method, which found that nanoparticles have significant antibacterial activity zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (27 ± 0.28 mm) and against Escherichia coli (15 ± 0 mm).

Stereolithography 3D Printed Carbon Microlattices with Hierarchical Porosity for Structural and Functional Applications.

Hierarchically porous carbon microlattices (HPCMLs) fabricated by using a composite photoresin and stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing is reported. Containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) as porogens and multilayer graphene nanosheets as UV-scattering inhibitors, the composite photoresin is formed to simple cubic microlattices with digitally designed porosity of 50%. After carbonization in vacuum at 1000°C and chemical removal of MgO NPs, it is realized that carbon microlattices possessing hierarchical porosity are composed of the lattice architecture (≈100µm), macropores (≈5µm), mesopores (≈50nm), and micropores (≈1nm). The linear shrinkage after pyrolysis is as small as 33%. Compressive strength of 7.45 to 10.45MPa and Young's modulus of 375 to 736MPa are achieved, proving HPCMLs a robust mechanical component among reported carbon materials with a random pore structure. Having a few millimeters in thickness, the HPCMLs can serve as thick supercapacitor electrodes that demonstrate gravimetric capacitances 105 and 13.8 Fg-1 in aqueous and organic electrolyte, reaching footprint areal capacitances beyond 10 and 1 Fcm-2 , respectively. The results present that the composite photoresin for SLA can yield carbon microarchitectures that integrate structural and functional properties for structural energy storages .

Evaluation of the time-dependent osteogenic activity of glycerol incorporated magnesium oxide nanoparticles in induced calvarial defects

IntroductionMagnesium-based biomaterials have been explored for their potential as bone healing materials, as a result of their outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. These characteristics make magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) a promising material for treating bone disorders. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the osteogenic activity of newly-developed locally administered glycerol-incorporated MgO NPs (GIMgO NPs) in rabbits’ calvarial defects. Materials and methodsCharacterization of GIMgO was done by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Bilateral calvarial defects were created in eighteen New Zealand Rabbits, of which they were divided into 3 groups with time points corresponding to 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively (n = 6). One defect was implanted with absorbable gel foam impregnated with GIMgO NPs while the other was implanted with gel foam soaked with glycerol (the control). The defects were assessed using histological, Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT), and histometric evaluation. ResultsThe characterization of the GIMgO nanogel revealed the presence of MgO NPs and glycerol as well as the formation of the crystalline phase of the MgO NPs within the nanogel sample. The histological and micro-CT analysis showed time-dependent improvement of healing activity in the calvarial defects implanted with GIMgO NPs when compared to the control. Furthermore, the histometric analysis demonstrated a marked increase in the total area of new bone, connective tissue, new bone area and volume in the GIMgO NPs implanted site. Statistically, the amount of new bone formation was more significant at 6 weeks than at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively in the calvarial defects implanted with GIMgO NPs as compared to the control. ConclusionThe locally applied GIMgO NPs demonstrated efficacy in promoting bone formation, with more significant effects observed over an extended period. These findings suggest its suitability for clinical use as a therapeutic alternative to enhance bone healing.

Management of potato brown rot disease using chemically synthesized CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs

BackgroundPotatoes are a crucial vegetable crop in Egypt in terms of production and consumption. However, the potato industry suffers significant annual losses due to brown rot disease. This study aimed to suppress Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), the causative agent of brown rot disease in potatoes, using efficient and economical medications such as CuO and MgO metal oxide nanoparticles, both in vitro and in vivo, to reduce the risk of pesticide residues.ResultsCuO and MgO metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple chemical process. The average particle size, morphology, and structure of the nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The growth of R. solanacearum was strongly inhibited by CuO and MgO NPs at a concentration of 3 mg/mL, resulting in zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 19.3 mm and 17 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs were 0.5, 0.6, and 0.6, 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. When applied in vivo through seed dressing and tuber soaking at their respective MIC concentrations, CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs significantly reduced the incidence of brown rot disease to 71.2% and 69.4%, respectively, compared to 43.0% and 39.5% in bulk CuSO4 and bulk MgSO4 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs significantly increased the yield, total chlorophyll content, and enzyme efficiency of potato plants compared with the infected control plants. TEM revealed that the bacterial cytomembrane was severely damaged by nanomechanical forces after interaction with CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs, as evidenced by lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural investigations.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs can be used as intelligent agents to manage plant pathogens in agriculture. The use of metal oxide nanoparticles could provide a risk-free alternative for treating plant diseases, which are currently one of the biggest challenges faced by the potato industry in Egypt. The significant increase in yield, photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic activity, and total phenol-promoted resistance to R. solanacearum in potato plants treated with CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs compared to infected control plants highlights the potential benefits for the potato industry in Egypt. Further investigations are needed to explore using metal oxide nanoparticles for treating other plant diseases.

The Benefits of Nanosized Magnesium Oxide in Fish Megalobrama amblycephala: Evidence in Growth Performance, Redox Defense, Glucose Metabolism, and Magnesium Homeostasis.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) on the growth, redox defense, glucose metabolism, and magnesium homeostasis in blunt snout bream. Fish (12.42 ± 0.33 g) were fed seven diets containing graded levels of MgO NPs (0, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Whole-body Mg retention decreased significantly as the dietary Mg increased. As dietary MgO NPs levels reached 120 mg/kg, the growth performance and feed utilization remarkably improved. When added at 240 mg/kg, oxidative stress was significantly reduced evidenced by the increased Mn-sod transcription and the decreased CAT and GSH-Px activities and the MDA content. Meanwhile, it enhanced glucose transport, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis, while inhibiting gluconeogenesis, as was characterized by the increased transcriptions of glut2, gk, and pk, and the decreased transcriptions of fbpase and g6pase. In addition, the supplementation of 120 mg/kg MgO NPs promoted Mg transport marked by a significant increase in the protein expressions of TRMP7, S41A3, and CNNM1. In conclusion, the moderate supplementation of MgO NPs improved the growth performance, reduced hepatic oxidative stress, and promoted glucose transport, glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and magnesium homeostasis in fish while inhibiting glu.

Targeted delivery of rutin into breast cancer cells via using phenylboronic acid functionalized MgO nanoparticles

Here, we constructed 4-carboxy phenylboronic acid (PBA) linked and amine functionalized MgO NPs (MgO-NH-PBA) loaded with rutin and investigated their in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. The MgO-NH-PBA-Rutin nanohybrids exhibited ∼10 % drug loading capacity and a pH-responsive drug release pattern. MgO-NH-PBA-Rutin nanohybrid showed significant anticancer activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells via intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis, and inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, in vivo studies also supported the superior anticancer potential of the nanohybrid in tumor-bearing mice. However, under both the conditions, MgO-NH-PBA-Rutin displayed the highest anticancer activity as compared with free rutin and MgO-NH-PBA. Molecular docking of rutin with BCl2 showed that rutin can bind to BCl2 with binding affinity −8.6 kcal/mol. The nanohybrid also did not exert any notable systemic toxicity towards other vital body organs. These findings suggested the use of MgO-NH-PBA as a potential nanocarrier for cancer treatment.

Highly efficient subambient all-day passive radiative cooling textiles with optically responsive MgO embedded in porous cellulose acetate polymer

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) is an electricity-free and spontaneous cooling technology to alleviate the global scorching weather that increasingly threatens human health. Herein, combined with the calculation to reveal the full-spectrum optical constants of MgO and predict its remarkable optical responsiveness for PRC applications. Guided by this calculation, a highly efficient subambient all-day PRC textile is designed by embedding the MgO NPs into porous cellulose acetate (CA) polymer and then dip-coated onto the polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) matrix (PET-CA-MgO). The resulting cooling textile shows both of high solar reflectivity (94.6%) and high infrared emissivity (96.8%), which is found to be originated from the superposition of the optical properties of phonon polariton resonance of MgO (the Fröhlich mode) and Mie scattering of porous CA polymer. More importantly, its theoretical net PRC powers are calculated up to 117.8 and 156.1 W m−2 during the daytime and nighttime, respectively, which is on par with the state-of-the-art. Under direct sunlight, the PET-CA-MgO based PRC textile achieves a subambient temperature reduction of 8 °C, and enables simulated skin to avoid overheating by ∼11 °C as compared to bare skin heater and pristine PET textile. This design strategy for the spectral selective feature of textiles presents an effective approach to further fabricate high-performance PRC garments for practical purposes.

Acute Toxicity, Hematological Profile, and Histopathological Effects of MgO Nanoparticles on Gills, Muscle, Liver of Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala.

Nanotechnology is an advancing and emerging field of all environmental, medical, and industrial applications. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles have been widely used in medicine, consumer products, industrial products, textiles, ceramics, alleviation of heartburn, stomach ulcers, and bone regeneration. In the present study, acute toxicity (LC50) of MgO nanoparticles and hematological and histopathological changes in Cirrhinus mrigala was analyzed. The lethal concentration for 50% of MgO nanoparticles was 4.2321mg/L. Hematological parameters such as white blood cells, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, as well as histopathological abnormalities in gills, muscle, and liver were observed on the 7th and 14th days of exposure. The WBC, RBC, HCT, Hb, and platelets count increased on the 14th day of exposure compared to the control and 7th day of exposure. The MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels decreased on the 7th day of exposure compared to the control and increased on the 14th day. Histopathological changes of MgO nanoparticles in gills, muscle, and liver highly damaged in the quantity of 3.6mg/L compared to 12mg/L on 7th and 14th days of exposure. This study finds the level of exposure in hematology and histopathological changes in tissues in relation to the exposure of MgO NPs.

Determination the Inhibition activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aspergillus niger against some uncommon bacterial species which isolated from different sources of infection

The resistance of bacteria to chemically manufactured antibiotics is dangerous in human health,this has made the need for continuous detection of diverse resources ,especially from naturalsources in the treatment of human diseases. The current study employs Aspergillus niger for theformation of of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles, and it involves the antimicrobial activity of theparticles against some of uncommon bacterial species which include Gram positive Aeromonassalmonicida, Kocuria rosea and Alloiococcus otitis and Gram negative Acinatobactercalcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans and Ochrobactrum anthropic by agar wells diffusionmethod. The results were indicated that biosynthesized of MgO NPs were found as extracellularand it was appear in the range of size 40-90 nm through characterization technique such asScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and assurance by UV-Visible spectroscopy for theabsorbance band at 258 nm, The results revealed that MgO NPs is an effective antibacterial agentagainst Gram positive Aeromonas salmonicida , Kocuria rosea and Alloiococcus otitis and thezone inhibition diameter was at 20,19 and23 mm respectively compared with inhibition effects ofciprofloxacin antibiotics at 18, 17and 20 mm respectively. while against Gram negativeAcinatobacter calcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans and Ochrobactrum anthropic bacteria wasat 18,20,19 mm respectively, compared with inhibition effects of ciprofloxacin antibiotics at 16,20 and 15 mm respectively.

Impact of acute and sub-acute exposure of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on mrigal Cirrhinusmrigala

This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of acute and sub-acute exposure of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala. For sub-acute tests 1/100,1/50,1/10 were selected based on the LC50 at 96 h s. Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid, Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and DPPH, HRSA assays were analyzed in the gill, muscle, and liver of Mrigal. Protein and lipid levels increased on the 7th,14th day compared to control. Carbohydrate levels decreased on the 7th,14th day of exposure, and the enzymatical changes increased on the 7th,14th day. Antioxidant levels highly increased in DPPH assay compared to the HRSA assay. This study provides the biochemical, antioxidant, and behavioral changes in relation to the exposure of MgO NPs.

Biopolymer Chitosan Surface Engineering with Magnesium Oxide-Pluronic-F127-Escin Nanoparticles on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line and Microbial Strains.

Nanotechnology has been recognized as a highly interdisciplinary field of the twenty-first century, with diverse applications in biotechnology, healthcare, and material science. One of the most commonly employed non-toxic nanoparticles, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), is simple, inexpensive, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Several researchers are interested in the biosynthesis process of MgO NPs through chemical and physical approaches. This is because of their simplicity, affordability, and environmental safety. In the current study, green MgO-Chitosan-Pluronic F127-Escin (MCsPFE) NPs have been synthesized and characterized via various techniques like UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray composition analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Photoluminescence, and Dynamic light scattering analyses. The average crystallite size of MCsPFE NPs was 46 nm, and a face-centered cubic crystalline structure was observed. Further, the antimicrobial effectiveness of NPs against diverse pathogens has been assessed. The cytotoxic potential of the nanoparticles against MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated using the MTT test, dual AO/EB, JC-1, DCFH-DA, and DAPI staining procedures. High antimicrobial efficacy of MCsPFE NPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans was observed. The findings concluded that the NPs augmented the ROS levels in the cells and altered the Δψm, leading to the initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic cell death pathway. Thus, green MCsPFE NPs possess immense potential to be employed as an effective antimicrobial and anticancer treatment option.

Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antifungal Applications

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have emerged as potential materials for various biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, cationic capacity, high stability and redox properties. MgO NPs have become an attractive platform to combat microbes and may be a promising alternative to overcome challenges associated with eliminating microbial biofilms and antibiotic resistance. Hence, due to the increasing use of MgO NPs in biomedicine, new synthetic strategies for MgO NPs are necessary. MgO NPs synthesised using green methods are non-toxic, eco-friendly and have high stability for a wide range of biological, medical and catalytic applications. This review presents the recent advances in biosynthesis strategies of MgO NPs by diverse bio-templates, such as plant, bacterial, fungal and algal extracts. Its photocatalytic properties show a suitable inhibitory function against pathogenic agents, such as microbial proliferation, biofilm formation and fungal growth. Furthermore, MgO NPs and relevant nanocomposites are comprehensively discussed regarding the mechanisms of their effect on microbes, biofilms and fungal strains, as well as challenges and future perspectives.

A novel biosynthesis of MgO/PEG nanocomposite for organic pollutant removal from aqueous solutions under sunlight irradiation.

The novel synthesis of MgO from Laurus nobilis L. leaves was prepared using the green synthesis method. It is using direct blending process to decorate MgO/PEG nanocomposite to enhance the photodegradation properties and examine its physical properties using diverse characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis. X-ray diffraction reveals a cubic phase of MgO with a 37-nm grain size. SEM images confirm spherical nanoparticles with a diameter size of 22.9nm. The optical energy gap of MgO NPs was 4.4eV, and the MgO/PEG nanocomposite was 4.1eV, which made it an efficient catalyst under sunlight. The photocatalytic activity of Rose Bengal (RB) and Toluidine Blue (TB) dyes at 5 × 10-5mol/l dye concentration indicates excellent degradation efficiencies of 98% and 95% in 120min, respectively, under sunlight irradiation. MgO/PEG is an excellent candidate nanocomposite for applications of photodegradation and could be used for its potential capability to develop conventionally used techniques.