Tm-doped MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics were synthesized by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method, and scintillation and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties were investigated. Under X-ray irradiation, the Tm-doped MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics clearly showed some emission peaks at 295, 360, 390, 455, 475, 500, 520, and 670 nm. Based on the observed scintillation decay curves, the origins of the emission peaks were attributed to 4f-4f transitions of Tm3+ ions. The emission peaks due to 4f-4f transitions of Tm3+ ions were also observed in a TSL spectrum. The TSL glow peaks of the Tm-doped MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics were detected at 68, 140, 200, 313, and 452 °C. The 1.0% Tm-doped MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics had a linear TSL response in a dose range from 0.01 to 100 mGy.