Metropolitan Area Of Guadalajara Research Articles

Association of TAP1 1177A>G and 2090A>G gene polymorphisms with latent tuberculosis infections in sheltered populations, in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico: a pilot study.

ABSTRACTLatent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition that has no clinical signs and symptoms. LTBI patients are characterized by persistent immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and approximately 5-10% of these infected individuals will develop active TB at some point in their lives. The antigen transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) is a protein involved in the transport of the antigen from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum by means of the association with MHC class I molecules. It plays a fundamental role in the immune response, promoting the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Our pilot study aimed to determine the association between TAP1 gene 1177A>G (rs1057141) and 2090A>G (rs1135216) genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to LTBI. In this case-control study, 153 individuals from shelters were analyzed (46 were LTBI-positive and 92 were controls). Genotyping of the rs11352216 (2090A>G) and rs1057141 (1177A>G) gene IDs was performed using the Applied Biosystems Step One Thermal Cycler Real-Time PCR allelic discrimination technology. The haplotypic analyses were performed with the Arlequin 3.5 program. Social assistance centers and shelters that serve vulnerable populations represent high-risk sites due to overcrowding and the impaired nutritional status of their residents. The G allele (OR=1.99, CI=1.109-3.587, p=0.021) and the GG genotype of rs11352216 (A>G) were associated with susceptibility to LTBI, according to the codominant genetic model (OR=8.32, CI=1.722-61.98, p=0.007). The rs1057141 (A>G) polymorphism was not associated with LTBI risk. The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of rs1135216 (A>G) are susceptible to LTBI.

Ultrafine particle dispersion in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico

Objectives: Dust, soil and leaf samples of Ficus benjamina were collected in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (GMA) (Peña-García et al., 2017), allowing to identify the type of metallic particles, size, shape and spatial distribution. With the results obtained, the possible effects of metallic particles on human and plant health were discussed (Peña-García et al., 2019). Methodology: The sampling was in six municipalities of the GMA; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses were carried out on leaves, which identified the presence of various elements that mostly exceeded the reference values. Through X-ray fluorescence, 23 elements were identified in soil, including Th and Ac in at least 14 sites. Using the scanning electron microscopy technique and elemental mapping analysis, coarse, fine and ultrafine metallic particles were identified in human bronchus and lung tissue, as well as fragments of cement, plastic, yeast and bacteria. The similarity between the metallic particles in the collected samples and those observed in lung tissue, warns of latent risks to the health of the GMA population. Contribution: The results obtained with the methodology used in this work allow us to glimpse the polluting potential in urban areas.

Intimidad y relaciones de pareja durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Guadalajara

This article analyzes some of the changes and effects that couples have experienced in the metropolitan area of ​​Guadalajara (México) after a period of confinement of almost two months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in their sexual life and in the use of affective technologies. This analysis is based on a Virtual Survey on romantic relationships in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Final outcomes will show that the changes and effects on the selected topics are stronger among young people, couples with fewer years in a relationship and those who, due to the confinement, have functioned as long-distance couples. Likewise, they will confirm that full-time domestic intimacy has implied the recovery of time, conversation and vitality for their relationships, as well as mobile devices expanding the opportunities for interactions outside home and creating interferences in the couples’ interactions.

Pediculosis capitis in schoolchildren and the marginality rate of the Metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico.

Pediculosis capitis (PC) is a plague in schoolchildren around the world, there is a sub-record of cases of this infestation. It is important to expose the lack of studies on the problem, whose presence dates back ancestral times. Methodology: The marginality index in four schools is explored, together with the presence of PC in them. Public schools of the municipalities of Zapopan, Tonalá, Tlaquepaque, and Guadalajara, Mexico are studied. It is a descriptive, transversal and comparative research. Objective: To identify according to the marginality index if there are differences in the prevalence of PC in schoolchildren of four schools in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Results: The sample consisted of 720 
 schoolchildren. A highest frequency of pediculosis in the female sex was determined, representing 82.35% of the infested students; a global prevalence of 4.72% and a cumulative prevalence of 51.94% was demonstrated, that is, more than half of the students have ever had lice. The presence of these parasites is more common in girls and in long hair. The schools that presented more PC cases are in the medium marginality index.

RADIACIÓN ELECTROMAGNÉTICA, LEUCEMIA INFANTIL Y REGULACIÓN

Since 2002, the World Health Organization has recognized non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (NIR) in the extremely low frequency range (ELF) to constitute a health risk and has placed human exposure to ELF within the group 2B as a possible human carcinogen. Subsequently, in 2011, radio frequencies (RF) used in wireless telecommunications were added to this classification. As a result, there was a worldwide increase in scientific, social and government activities to study these emissions and find preventive measures to reduce exposure to the general population. Mexico, faced with this scenario, has the opportunity to update and generate new Official Mexican Standards (NOM), which would allow, on one hand, the regulation of the maximum permitted levels of NIR and, on the other hand, to monitor and control their health effects. This article addresses the characteristics of NIR, analyzes the international and national environmental regulatory framework, presents the results obtained from the measurement of NIR in ELF and intra-domiciliary RF of pediatric patients with acute leukemia in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara and finally, it proposes a series of recommendations and actions.

Airbnb en Ajijic, Jalisco. Una nueva forma de turismo residencial e impulso al desarrollo inmobiliario. Un análisis desde la Nueva Teoría Institucional

For over 100 years, Chapala Lake has received tourists and visitors from the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. Due to its weather, culture and development amenities, many have acquired a second residence here or are contemplating the place as an option for retirement. These choices, that are recently on the up, create two significant processes: First, residential migration and second, the evolution of what is known as residential tourism, motivated primarily by reservation platforms such as Airbnb. The New institutional Theory allows us to reflect on the institutions that make these processes possible, as well as property rights (tangible and intangible) and the transaction costs that come from these practices, mainly related to accommodation production under the guise of tourism.

Productivity of the millennial generation in institutions of higher education

General objectives: evaluate the relationship that exists between job satisfaction, organizational climate and leadership within higher education institutions in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. Specific: analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity in the millennial generation (GM), analyze the relationship between the labor climate and productivity (GM) and analyze the relationship between leadership and productivity (GM). Methodology: It is about making a comparison between the generations: millennial (1980-2000), baby boomers (1945-1965), "X" (1965-1980) and "Z" (2000-present), it is a theoretical support of articles, a quantitative research is carried out, in which up to now the application of 50 instruments has been carried out in a simple random pilot sample which gathered people of all ages who are currently responding at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. Contributions The theory aims to contribute to the generation of a model on the characteristics that millennials are interested in their work. In the methodological aspect a specific instrument is used for each variable: job satisfaction in Meliá and Peiró (1998), organizational climate of Koys and Decottis (1991), leadership of Bargavi, Paul & Samuel (2006) and for productivity Sources (2012).

Factores para la satisfacción del estudiante de pregrado a través de la mercadotecnia educativa para generar lealtad en las Instituciones de Educación Superior Privada de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara

The article seeks to determine the mechanism to build loyalty by students towards their institution, through an appropriate marketing management applied to the educational field. If private educational institutions in Mexico achieve a satisfied enrollment, in a way, they will guarantee their survival as an organization. Knowing that elements of student satisfaction directly influence the experience they have within the institution, can be used in their favor through the use of educational marketing tools and thus increase both the welfare of students and the institution. With a cross-sectional study and a non-probabilistic sampling for the convenience of 60 students of a Private Higher Education Institution in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, where the results were obtained that allowed the instrument to be validated with dimensions or factors necessary in the explanation of the variables of the study, by means of descriptive statistics and statistical tests of reliability, tests of normality and correlations between elements by factor. It was discovered that the most important thing for student satisfaction is intrinsically linked to academic aspects.

Heavy metals present in Ficus benjamina leaves in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico

Goals: General: The collection of dust samples deposited on Ficus benjamina leaves in the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA) will allow the identification of heavy metals and their spatial distribution. Specific: Identify the most polluted areas of the city and the elements present by means of particle dispersion schemes (maps) made with the data obtained by the atomic absorption technique. Metodología: For the extraction of heavy metals an acid digestion was performed. The samples were previously homogenized. The determination was made on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer model Varian AA 240 FS, with a monochromator of CZERNY-TURNER design, panel of 4 lamps and inert and adjustable nebulization chamber. The technique used was flame (flame) and calibration curves were used. Contribución: The concentrations of the seven metals analyzed Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr were identified, the most abundant being Cu and Pb. The maps allowed to identify that there are some patterns of distribution of the contamination, such was the case of the Cd, Pb and Zn that are distributed very homogeneously on the Lázaro Cárdenas avenue until reaching the supply market area.

Diagnóstico higiénico-sanitario e identificación de factores de riesgo en restaurantes

The purpose was to make a hygienic-sanitary diagnosis and risk factors identification in 81 fixed establishments of food restoration located in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The establishments were grouped according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The sanitary verification act, based on NOM-251-SSA1-2009, was applied. The minimum was 85 % in order to consider the evaluation was approved. 26 places approved the evaluation, the three best qualified, belong to franchises, 55 establishments were failed. Statistically it represents the same as the service corresponds to any of the NAICS categories addressed in the study. The risk factors detected in order of importance are associated with the following programs: quality control in water for general use; staff training; transport; pest control; operations control; maintenance and cleaning; Facilities and areas; quality control of the water in contact with foods. The written and operational absence of prerequisite programs was evidenced, so the conditions and measures applied are not sufficient to ensure the quality and safety of the food, and therefore represent a potential disease risk for diners in local restaurants.

Vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico for Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen discovered in the late 40’s in Uganda during a surveillance program for yellow fever. By 2014 the virus reached Eastern Island in the Americas, and two years later, the virus spread to almost all countries and territories of the Americas. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has been identified as the main vector of the disease, and several researchers have also studied the vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus in virus transmission. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus in order to understand their roles in the transmission of ZIKV in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. In blood feeding laboratry experiments, we found that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes showed to be a competent vector able to transmit ZIKV in this area. On the other hand, we found that F0 Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are refractory to ZIKV infection, dissemination and transmission.

Refronterización de la migración en tránsito por México. El caso de las migraciones centroamericanas por la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara

La creciente securitización y militarización de las políticas migratorias mexicanas en contra de la migración irregular ha dado pie a recientes refronterizaciones marcadas por el ensanchamiento y multiplicación de las fronteras a lo largo del territorio nacional, la consolidación de una “doble imaginación geográfica,” y los intentos de gubernamentalización de las migraciones en tránsito.
 Enfocarse en regiones no tradicionalmente consideradas “zonas fronterizas”, resulta vital no sólo para entender el “carácter espacial del poder”, y de los procesos estatales, sino también para desmantelar los mecanismos que transforman a determinados sujetos en cuerpos “autorizados” y “no autorizados” para transitar, permanecer o ser reconocidos. En ese sentido buscamos una interpretación de las políticas espaciales (fronteras físicas y simbólicas) en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México.

Resiliencia y competencias socioemocionales como factor preventivo de ansiedad en mujeres mexicanas

IntroductionEpidemiologically, women are a vulnerable group when it comes to anxious symptomatology, which is why it is important to identify aspects that can prevent this phenomenon. Socioemotional competences and resilience are considered elements related to a reduced presence of mental health issues, because they help individuals to adapt better to change and environmental demands. ObjectiveAnalyze the interaction between socioemotional competences, resilience and anxiety symptoms in Mexican women. Material and methodsThe sample consisted of 350 women aged 18 to 64 years (X¯=29.87, D.T.=13.01) currently living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (México). Participants responded the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Emotional Quotient Inventory. ResultsThere is a negative correlation between resilience and socioemotional skills with anxious symtomatology; specifically, personal competence, stress management, family cohesion and social competence appeared as predictors of state anxiety. ConclusionsResilience and stress management are factors that can reduce anxiety in women. Results are discussed and interventions aimed at strengthening socioemotional skills and resilience in female population are suggested.

El derecho humano al agua en Chapala. Periferia del área metropolitana de Guadalajara

Respect for the human right to water and sanitation is vital for an integral development of the individual and in particular for members of society to be healthy and to be able to enjoy a decent quality of life. This article shows how neglecting the purity of drinking water can seriously affect the quality of life, and provides the example of a case study that was prepared for the Latin American Water Tribunal, in which it was found that the pollution of lake of Chapala is one of the factors affecting the health and economy of the local populations. As Chapala is the main water supplier to the Metropolitan Area of ​​Guadalajara, it can also affect the quality of life of the inhabitants of the city.

The impact on competitiveness of customer value creation through relationship capabilities and marketing innovation

PurposeThe identification of customer needs through relationship management and their transformation into marketing innovation are two key processes in customer value creation. When combined, they can improve a firm’s competitive position, not only in terms of profitability but also by reducing costs and promoting the use of technology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the link between managerial relational capability and marketing innovation in customer value creation, and to look at how that value creation affects competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachWe analyze 450 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the furniture industry in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (Mexico). To this sample is applied a confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model to analyze the impact of management capabilities in relationships and marketing innovation on customer value creation and to determine how the value created affects competitiveness.FindingsThe results show that management capabilities in customer relationships and in the way they convert knowledge of customer needs into specific choices in the market have a positive effect on customer value creation, as well as on financial performance, cost optimization and the use of technology, all of which can be used as indicators of competitiveness.Originality/valueThe study covers customer value creation in an emerging economy, that of Mexico, and relates it to business competitiveness from a holistic point of view which goes beyond profitability by also including cost reduction and the use of technology.

Climate change and flood risk: vulnerability assessment in an urban poor community in Mexico

The impacts of climate change tend to be unevenly distributed, affecting mostly urban poor communities. This research analyses the case of El Colli, a community with high levels of marginalization and urban poverty in an area characterized by informal settlements in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (state of Jalisco, Mexico). The main objective was to analyse the vulnerability to climate change in El Colli, focusing on the flood risk it is exposed to and using a mixed-methods design with various research tools. The findings show the specific aspects of vulnerability in a context of urban poverty, in which basic municipal services are scarce, government action is inadequate and residents show a high acceptance of risk. Based on the data, we state the need to incorporate local urban challenges into the debate on climate change, particularly those affecting informal settlements.

Epidemiological profile of pedestrian-motor vehicle trauma in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara

Background: According to ENSANUT, 60% of deaths are caused by road traffic injuries and affect the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Of this percentage, 45% were pedestrians. Objective: The objective of this study was to define the epidemiological profile of pedestrian-motor vehicle trauma in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pedestrians injured in car collisions who were referred to a third-level public hospital from 2014 to 2015. The variables comprised the municipality where the event occurred, demographic characteristics, substance abuse, medication, the use of devices while crossing the street, and severity of injury. The information was analyzed using percentages, standard deviation, and χ2 for comparison-related factors according to the injury severity, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The total number of injured pedestrians was 397. The municipalities with the highest number of injured pedestrians were Guadalajara (41.3%) and Zapopan (29.7%). Males were the most affected (80.4%), with most incidents affecting those in the age group of 18–39 years old (34.5%). Roughly 65% of cases occurred at night and on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays. The most common injuries were fractures and injuries to the extremities and head, with 27% of injured pedestrians showing severe injuries. Conclusion: Although we did not find any statistical significance, the information gathered from this study indicates a need to implement preventive strategies about vial education and the improvement of signals and protective elements on the streets to aid vehicle and pedestrian flow and control or reduce the number of injured pedestrians.

School relationships, communication with parents and prosociality as predictors of positive emotions in adolescents

The aim of this study was to identify the predictive value of the relationships between classmates, the affective communication with parents and the generation of prosocial behavior have on the experimentation of positive emotions in adolescents. The sample included 490 middle school students from the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. We used the measurement instruments: subscale Relations from the Social Climate Scale, the Affective communication subscale from the Affect Scale, in its version for children; the Positive Behavior Scale and, the Positive Emotion Survey. We used correlation tests and multiple linear regression by the method of successive steps for statistical analysis. Results showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between the variables of affiliation and help, prosocial behavior and affective communication with both parents, and, the experimentation of positive emotions: joy and good humor (p< .01). The communication based in criticism with both parents reported statistically significant negative correlations (p< .01). In the multiple linear regression analysis, we found that prosocial behavior and affective communication with the mother are variables that predict positive emotions (R2 = .246). In conclusion, this study found that both, prosocial behavior and positive bonds with the mother, predict the experience of positive emotions.

El audiovisual y el desarrollo económico regional en Jalisco

Con un enfoque histórico estructural, se articulan en este texto los niveles global y microeconómico para producir un diagnóstico sobre la emergencia de un polo de producción cinematográfica en la segunda ciudad de México. Mostramos el proceso de nacimiento de un distrito productivo de la industria audiovisual, en el área metropolitana de Guadalajara.

The Primavera Forest and Reduction of Premature Mortality Owing to Cardiovascular Disease in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara

The Primavera Forest and Reduction of Premature Mortality Owing to Cardiovascular Disease in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara