Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

Sustainable adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye using individual and combined ratios of Trigonella foenum-graecum (F) seed galactomannan and Linum usitatissimum (L) seed

Abstract This study explores the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution using different forms of fenugreek galactomannan and linseed (both individually and in combination) as an adsorbent. Characterization study of adsorbents reveal the involvement of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amine groups in MB adsorption taking place on the amorphous and porous surface of the adsorbent. BET surface area of the adsorbent (F+L) was found to be 394 m2/g. Different parameters including pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, adsorption time and temperature were studied. Results of the study shows 86.62, 86.94, 88.04, 88.24, 88.56 and 89.09% of MB dye adsorption with F, L, F + L (1:1), F + L (1:2), F + L (2:1) and F + L (2:2) under optimized conditions. Maximum adsorption take place at pH 12, i.e., highly basic medium. Isothermal study shows the fitness of the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic modeling shows that both physical and chemical interactions are involved in dye adsorption. Further, thermodynamic study confirms the spontaneity, endothermicity and feasibility of the process. Overall, current research involves the use of low-cost raw material for MB dye removal that aids in waste management and in promoting sustainability.

Engineered biosorbents of pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr) peels modified with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide for methylene blue dye sorption

The pomelo-doped zinc oxide beads (PZB), pomelo-doped titanium dioxide beads (PTB), and pomelo-doped zinc oxide and titanium dioxide beads (PZTB) were synthesized for sorbing methylene blue (MB) dye. Their characterizations were explored by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Focus Ion Beam (FESEM-FIB), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, their sorbent efficiencies for sorbing MB dye were investigated through batch experiments, sorbent reusability studies, sorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. They were crystalline phases presenting the specific peaks of zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2). Their surfaces had lamella structures with coarse surfaces, and they also found specific structures of ZnO or TiO2 on the surfaces. Zn–O or Ti–O–Ti was also detected in PZB or PTB or, PZTB depending upon metal oxide types added into pomelo beaded sorbents. For batch experiments, they could adsorb MB dye of more than 86%, and PZTB showed the highest MB dye removal efficiency. In addition, they could be reused for more than three cycles with high MB dye sorptions of more than 72%. They corresponded to Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Moreover, the increasing temperature affected their decreasing MB dye sorptions which were exothermic processes.

V2O5 based nanocomposites with MOF and rGO for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

In the present work, vanadium pentoxide-metal organic framework (V2O5-MIL 125 MOF) and vanadium pentoxide-reduced graphene oxide (V2O5-rGO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a facile low-temperature hydrothermal treatment. These nanocomposites were used as photocatalysts to study the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solutions, under dark and UV light conditions. The influence of adsorption on dye removal and its isotherm revealed that both the nanocomposites follow the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics of adsorption indicated pseudo-second-order behaviour. V2O5-MIL 125 MOF and V2O5-rGO exhibited maximum dye adsorption capacities of 62 and 24 mg/g, respectively. The optimal values for maximum photocatalytic degradation were determined, and the mechanism of degradation was verified using radical scavengers. A 125 W high-pressure mercury vapour light was employed as the light source for all dye degradation studies. Maximum degradation was obtained at neutral conditions (pH 7.4) of the solution, ambient temperature (30±2˚C), and an initial dye concentration of 10 ppm. The synthesized photocatalysts V2O5-MIL 125 MOF and V2O5-rGO exhibited maximum degradation of 87% within 270 min and 82% within 300 min of UV light exposure, respectively. The adsorption and photocatalytic effects of V2O5-MIL 125 MOF and V2O5-rGO were also compared with pure vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), revealing superior activity in both cases.

Comparative study of synthesis methods and pH-dependent adsorption of methylene blue dye on UiO-66 and NH2-UiO-66

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly promising adsorbents with notable properties such as elevated adsorption capacities and versatile surface design capabilities. This study introduces two distinct synthesis methods, one lasting 1 h and the other 24 h, for UiO-66 and NH2-UiO-66. While both methods yield structures with comparable crystallinity and morphology, the adsorption performance of the cationic methylene blue dye varies at different pH levels. Despite the 24 h synthesis time being optimal for maximum adsorption in both MOFs, the relative difference in NH2-UiO-66 adsorption percentage at different times suggests reduced dependency on synthesis time for this property. Notably, NH2-UiO-66 exhibits consistent and effective performance across three pH levels, warranting further investigation into its adsorption kinetics and isotherm. The achievement of high adsorption efficiency coupled with a significantly reduced synthesis time underscores the importance of developing simplified synthetic methods, essential for enhancing the practical applicability of MOFs in diverse applications.

Expermental investigation on adsorption of methylene blue dye from waste water using corncob cellulose-based hydrogel

Hydrogel from corncob cellulose was synthesized in this investigation. The synthesized Hydrogel was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR instruments. As the results indicate the synthesized hydrogel has required and important features, these suggest the suitability of hydrogel for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD). Three important process variables (dosage, contact time, and initial concentration) with three levels were studied during the adsorption process at 30 °C and neutral pH. The efficiency of hydrogel for adsorption of MBD was determined in each experiment. The experimental results were statistically analyzed and interpreted. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved at 2.22 g/L of dosage, 80.36 min of contact time, and 74.54 mg/L of initial concentration. At this condition, 98.25% of MBD was achieved through experimental tests. Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics studies were performed. Langmuir isotherm is more suitable to describe the adsorption process and the Pseudo second-order kinetic model fits this process. From the thermodynamics studies, all negative values of change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and positive value of change in enthalpy (ΔH°), and change in entropy (ΔS°) indicate that the carried out experimental process is a spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, the regeneration experiment for adsorbent was performed. The treatment of real textile industry waste water was conducted and the removal efficiency of hydrogel was 64.76%. This removal percentage reduction from sythetic aqueous solution is due to involvement of other pollutants in the real waste water. The synthesized hydrogel adsorbent is suitable up to the third cycle without significant loss in removal efficiency.

Improvement of the sorption capacity of methylene blue dye using slag, a steel by product

A steel by-product, the slag collected from the blast furnace, was exploited as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue dye in solution by batch adsorption under the impact of contact time, mass of solid, agitation speed, pH, temperature, particles size, and initial concentration. The slag is mainly composed of silica, alumina and lime with a considerable specific surface (320.46 m2/g), which increased its adsorbent power. The experimental data revealed that the methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption on the slag is favorable (R = 93.3%) and the maximum adsorbed capacity after 50 min of contact amounts to 140.44 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms revealed that the adsorption of methylene blue dye was performed on a homogeneous monolayer surface, and their parameters confirmed that the process is favorable and physically achievable. The kinetic study specified that the methylene blue dye sorption is more adapted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99). In accordance to the diffusion investigation, exterior diffusion under the diffusional and kinetic regimes and internal diffusion under the diffusional regime alone successively controlled the passage of the pollutant from solution to adsorbent. According to the values of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, the MB dye adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic, and less entropic. Additionally, the free energy and enthalpy values suggest that this process was performed physically (physical adsorption) under the influence of electrostatic interactions. Based on the results of the desorption investigation, the slag could potentially be recycled four times in a row using hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) as a desorbent.

A two-in-one thiosemicarbazide and whole pine needle-based adsorbent for rapid and efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye and mercuric ions.

Herein, we report the synthesis of an oxidized pine needle-thiosemicarbazone Schiff base (OPN-TSC) from whole pine needles (WPN) as a dual-purpose adsorbent to remove a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and Hg2+ ions in separate processes. The adsorbent was synthesized by periodate oxidation of WPN followed by a reaction with thiosemicarbazide. The syntheses of OPN and OPN-TSC were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, BET, and surface charge analysis. The emergence of new peaks at 1729cm-1 (-CHO stretching) and 1639cm-1 (-COO- stretching) in the FTIR spectrum of OPN confirmed the oxidation of WPN to OPN. FTIR spectrum of OPN-TSC has a peak at 1604cm-1 (C = N stretching), confirming the functionalization of OPN to OPN-TSC. XRD studies revealed an increase in the crystallinity of OPN and a decrease in the crystallinity of OPN-TSC because of the attachment of thiosemicarbazide to OPN. The values of %removal for MB and Hg2+ ions by OPN-TSC were found to be 87.36% and 98.2% with maximum adsorption capacity of 279.3mg/g and 196mg/g for MB and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The adsorption of MB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with correlation coefficient (R2 of 0.99383) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.97239), whereas Hg2+ ion removal demonstrated the Elovich (R2 = 0.97076) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.95110). OPN-TSC is regenerable with significant recyclability up to 10 cycles for both the adsorbates. The studies established OPN-TSC as a low-cost, sustainable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, and promising adsorbent for the removal of hazardous cationic dyes and toxic metal ions from wastewater and industrial effluents, especially the textile effluents.

New insight into the effect of layer-by-layer & in-situ growth of MOF on alginate vs preformed MOF mixed alginate composites on dye adsorption

Over the past years, the processing of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into body-shaped materials has received remarkable research interest to overcome the difficulties of using MOFs in powder form for advanced applications. In this work, shaped MOF-biopolymer composites are prepared from Iron (Fe), trimesic acid (BTC) for the MOF named Fe-BTC and sodium alginate as biopolymer using different strategies including the conventional mixed phases, the in-situ growth and layer-by-layer synthetic strategies to highlight the role of each method for the accessibility of active sites and determine which one is better for the adsorption capability. The obtained samples were characterized to reveal the interaction between the biopolymer and the MOF and subsequently tested for methylene blue dye adsorption to elucidate the effect of each strategy on the adsorption performance. The results indicated that the layer-by-layer synthetic strategy showed better accessibility for the active sites and thus an enhanced adsorption performance of the dye achieving 88.779 mg/g, surpassing the efficiency of the other strategies.

Camellia sinensis leaf-assisted green synthesis of SO3H-functionalized ZnS/biochar nanocatalyst for highly selective solketal production and improved reusability in methylene blue dye adsorption

This study reports the successful synthesis of an acid-functionalized ZnS/Biochar (ZBC-SO3H) nanocatalyst through a co-precipitation method utilizing Camellia sinensis leaf extract. The ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst was employed for the microwave-assisted acetalization reaction of glycerol with acetone for selective solketal synthesis (biofuel derivative). Through systematic optimization of multiple reaction parameters, the most favorable conditions for solketal synthesis were identified. The ideal reaction conditions involved an 8:1 M ratio of acetone to glycerol (AC to GL), a 6 wt% catalyst loading, an 8-min reaction time, and a temperature of 60 °C. A significantly high surface area of 326.21 m2/g for the ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst demonstrates its exceptional potential for catalytic applications. In addition, the plausible reaction pathway for selective solketal synthesis was suggested. The catalyst was reusable up to 6 reaction runs in the solketal synthesis, which remarks the high stability of the ZBC-SO3H. Further, the reusability of the ZBC-SO3H (remaining catalyst after 6 runs) was examined in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. This groundbreaking study showcases the exceptional performance of the ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst in selective solketal production and its remarkable reusability in the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The outstanding results underscore the novelty and significance of this research endeavor.

Carbon-derived Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye: Characterization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

The most effective substance for effectively adsorbing organic dyes is activated carbon (AC). We looked at the possibility of using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens Genome, MG) as a source for AC in this study. The two unique materials known as MG(300) and MG(500) were produced as a result of the larvae being heated for two hours at 300 and 500°C, respectively. These MG materials were further activated (MGO) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and subsequently utilized for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The objectives of this research include: (1) Investigation of the cabonization temperature and activation effects of the MG and MGO towards adsorption capacity; (2) Study of the physico-chemical properties of the adsorbents; (3) Exploration of the adsorptivity of MG and MGO in different parameters, including initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature; (4) Examination of the kinetic and thermodynamic findings for the MG and MGO towards adsorption capacity. To analyze the obtained carbon, various analytical methods, including FTIR, WDXRF, SEM, and BET, were used. The equilibrium and kinetics of MB dye's adsorption behaviour on the AC were carefully investigated. It's interesting to note that within the first 10 minutes of contact time, all adsorbents demonstrated quick MB adsorption. The dye removal percentage (%) and adsorption capacities (mg×g-1) were measured at 65.7% and 6.33 mg×g⁻¹ for MG(300), 76.5% and 11.07 mg×g⁻¹ for MG(500), 91.1% and 16.41 mg×g⁻¹ for MGO(300), and 96.1% and 17.13 mg×g⁻¹ for MGO(500). Furthermore, the kinetics of dye adsorption using the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models were conducted, whereby PSO is the best fit with R2 in the range of 0.949 to 0.999.

Rapid and high adsorption of methylene blue dye onto graphene coated nonwoven fabric using vacuum infusion coating

Efforts are underway to prioritize the development of rapid and economical approaches for treating wastewater emanating from textile industries that utilize dyes. This focus is driven by the heightened environmental and ecological risks posed by such waste, presenting an escalated threat to both nature and living organisms. In this work, a graphene-coated cotton nonwoven fabric is developed by initially depositing graphene oxide (GO) suspension on it, employing the vacuum infusion method (VIM), giving an even coating, and then converting it to graphene. The VIM provides an excellent fiber-to-solution ratio with negligible to no voids in the finished sample. This allows a rapid and durable way of GO adhesion on the absorbent nonwoven material. The prepared samples were used for adsorption of methylene blue (M.B) dye by photocatalytic activity (PCA). The results of this work reveal that the nonwoven coated with the graphene through VIM effectively removed 96% of the M.B particles in only 30 min, which is very less time compared to conventional coating methods of padding and dip-dry coating, which removed the dyes in more than 120 min with dye adsorption efficiencies of 80 and 77%, respectively. Surface chemistry and characterization of the coated nonwoven fabric showed that the deposition of graphene nanosheets through VIM enhances the uniformity and more GO may be coated on the surface of the substrate. The samples were characterized by using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the stability of the graphene coating in water was also evaluated and UV-Vis transmittance spectrum showed that there were no fragments or particles peeled off the sample, indicating its stability in water. These promising results support the idea that the present approach of VIM coating is useful for the fabrication of photo catalytically active fabrics in the field of graphene-based environmental photocatalysis.

Novel and Reusable Graphene Oxide-Coated Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite Foams for Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption.

Reticulated open-cell mullite (ROM) foams coated with graphene oxide (GO) multilayers as novel and reusable composites (ROM/GO) were first fabricated and functionalized to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. In this study, the ROM foams were produced via a replica technique utilizing rice husk as a starting raw material of silica (SiO2) mixed with commercially available alumina (Al2O3) in the step of slurry preparation. GO was synthesized by a modification of Hummer's method and dispersed in a fixed weight ratio in an aqueous solution. The HCl-pretreated ROM foams were dip-coated for up to 5 cycles using a fixed weight ratio of GO in an aqueous solution. The experimental results revealed that the ROM/GO foams provided 100% adsorption efficiency for MB within 30 min. The adsorption kinetics of the ROM/GO foams followed the first-order model. Based on the microstructural investigations on the surfaces of the ROM foams compared with the ROM/GO foams, the adsorption performance was related to the unique porous structure of the ROM foams, incorporating the physicochemical properties of the GO-multilayered coating. Finally, the ROM/GO foams are considered as sustainable and cost-effective adsorbents due to their reusable functionality for at least 5 cycles of MB removal.

Response surface statistical modeling for optimization of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution using chitosan/graphite composites: Isotherm and kinetics studies

ABSTRACT The study aimed to create a chitosan/graphite composite (CGC) using the impregnation method to optimize its adsorptive efficiency for methylene blue dye from synthetic waste water. The composite adsorbent material was synthesized using a chitosan to expanded graphite ratio of 5% and acetic acid and glutaraldehyde. Expanded graphite was prepared by reacting it with H2SO4 and H2O2 for 90 minutes at room temperature. The specific surface area of graphite increased from 1193.75 m2/g to 1223.648 m2/g. The composite adsorbent material was synthesized using the impregnation method, with chitosan to expanded graphite ratio of 75:25. The CGC was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and point of zero charge analysis. The adsorption of methylene blue dye onto CGC was optimized by response surface statistical experimental design method to achieve a removal efficiency of 98.61% at 5.24 initial concentration, pH of 9.98, and 95.43-minute contact time. The Langmuir isotherm best fitted the adsorption process, with an R2 value of 0.9974 and adsorption capacity of 98 mg/g. The kinetics of adsorption were best fitted to pseudo-second order with K value 0.0378. The composite was found to be the best alternative adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye from textile wastewater.

Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic mechanism of methylene blue dye adsorption on synthesized activated carbon

The treatment of methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater through the adsorption process has been a subject of extensive research. However, a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic aspects of dye solution adsorption is lacking. Previous studies have primarily focused on enhancing the adsorption capacity of methylene blue dye. This study aimed to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for treating methylene blue dye wastewater and to gain insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process for optimization. An adsorbent with selective methylene blue dye adsorption capabilities was synthesized using rice straw as the precursor. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the adsorption isotherms and models under various process conditions, aiming to bridge gaps in previous research and enhance the understanding of adsorption mechanisms. Several adsorption isotherm models, including Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir–Freundlich, were applied to theoretically describe the adsorption mechanism. Equilibrium thermodynamic results demonstrated that the calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) aligned well with the experimentally obtained data. These findings of the study provide valuable insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics of methylene blue dye adsorption, with potential applications beyond this specific dye type. The utilization of rice straw as an adsorbent material presents a novel and cost-effective approach for MB dye removal from wastewater.

Efficient removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater specimen using polystyrene coated nanoparticles of silica

Utilization of suitable methodologies for recovery of wastewater and its reuse in various applications is highly stimulated. In agreement with this objective, the current research study presents new adsorbents, composed of silica nanoparticles coated by a polystyrene shell, for use in the purification of wastewater from methylene blue (MB) dye, as a contaminant. Firstly, silica nanoparticles were prepared and covered by a layer of Polystyrene made via the high internal phase emulation (HIPE) polymerization technique. Three composite structures having different contents of silica nanoparticles (by weight %) were designated as adsorbents in this research work. The chemical and structural properties of these adsorbents were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while their textural characteristics were acquired by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption surface area analysis. The efficiencies of these adsorbents toward disposal of MB dye from wastewater were next investigated at different operating parameters. The introduced composites of polystyrene@silica nanoparticles revealed promising capacities toward adsorption of MB dye which came up to a maximum of 23.1 mg g−1. The observed removals of MB dye by these composites during the process of water purification are attributed to the presence of both organic and inorganic functional groups within their structures. Thus, various adsorption mechanisms could take place through the elimination of MB particles from the effluent water during the treatment process. Kinetic and isotherm studies for the adsorption of MB species were found to fit the models of pseudo-second-order and Langmuir respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamics of MB adsorption could indicate the nature of such process as feasible, spontaneous, physisorption, and exothermic.

Retracted: Determination of Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Incense Stick Ash Waste and Its Toxicity on RTG-2 Cells

Retracted: Determination of Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Incense Stick Ash Waste and Its Toxicity on RTG-2 Cells

Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Costus Afer Leaves (C. afer) for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Solution

Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Costus Afer Leaves (C. afer) for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from an Aqueous Solution

Optimization of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Coconut Husk Cellulose Using Response Surface Methodology: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms and Reusability Studies

Optimization of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Coconut Husk Cellulose Using Response Surface Methodology: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms and Reusability Studies

Investigation of methylene blue dye adsorption on nanographite oxide prepared by electrochemical exfoliation

The adsorption properties of nanographite oxide (NGO) prepared by electrochemical exfoliation have been explored using methylene blue (MB) dye. It has been found that NGO adsorbs MB molecules through π–π interaction and proton transfer from the carboxyl group of NGO to the MB molecule. It has been proved that the adsorption process obeys the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the thermodynamic parameters of which indicate that the process occurs spontaneously, while achieving a dye removal rate of 75 to 98% with a final dye concentration of only 0.005 mg dm−3.

Application for fitting of Langmuir and Freundlich equations Studies on the experminatl data of adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye by Cobalt Oxide Surface

This study is based on the investigation of the adsorption property of Methylene blue onto Co3O4 as a surface. the optimum conditions of this study were determind and it was found that the dose of Co3O4 was 50 mg, the pH of adsorption dye was 10, the initial concentration of dye was 15 mg/L, and temperature found to be 45 C°. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for investigating the equilibrium adsorption of Methylene blue dye onto Co3O4 . The thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption of the MB dye process was non-spontaneous and endothermic under the studied conditions.