Ethyl Methyl Ether Research Articles

PHARMACOGENETICS OF ANESTHESIOLOGICAL SUPPORT

Pharmacogenetics studies the relationship between a person’s individual genetic characteristics and the human body’sresponse to the action of various drugs, particularly the occurrence of undesirable side eff ects. Thanks to the development of the latest technologies and methods, this branch of medical genetics and clinical pharmacology is developing very actively. Data are being accumulated, special databases are being created with the aim of creating individual genetic passports in the future, which will allow the selection of personalized treatment schemes.Anesthesiology is a special area of pharmacogenetic research because, more than any other medical specialty, it ischaracterized by polypharmacy-the simultaneous or sequential administration of many drugs. The same dose of a drug may be inadequate for some patients and may be life-threatening or cause unwanted side eff ects for others. Today, information about genetic factors is being used by clinicians to prescribe drugs to tailor drug therapy to a patient’s genome. In anesthesiology, the principles of pharmacogenetics have been explained for neuromuscular blocking agents, opioid metabolism, different types of anesthetics, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. On the other hand, a large number of anesthetics have a narrow therapeutic index.This review summarizes the most recent data from the scientifi c literature on the pharmacogenetics of diff erent types ofanesthetics. Inhalational anesthetics are halogenated derivatives of methyl ethyl ether, the exact mechanism of action of which is not yet fully understood. One of the rare but very serious side eff ects of all halogenated anesthetics is malignant hyperthermia, a genetically determined autosomal dominant disorder that manifests as a hypermetabolic response to drug administration. The dosage of intravenous anesthetics should also be carefully determined, taking into account the patient’s age, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal status, concomitant drug therapy, and genetic factors. Ontogeny and genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes are interrelated because genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzyme expression cannot be assessed until the required protein is suffi ciently expressed. Pharmacogenetic variants may contribute to unpredictable drug exposure at the same weight- based drug dose.There are a number of potentially clinically applicable pharmacogenetic data in newborns, but more research is needed toconfi rm these fi ndings and understand how to incorporate them into clinical care.The selection of drugs and dosing regimens based on a patient’s pharmacogenomic profi le may be an important part of thefuture of medicine. Personalized treatment based on the specifi c variants in the genome will ultimately reduce the incidence of side eff ects and length of hospital stay for patients and save healthcare costs. Although pharmacogenomics and its application in clinical practice are still in their infancy, different variants and their implications for many clinical areas, including anesthesiology, are emerging every day.

A first-principles study of organic Lewis bases for passivating tin-based perovskite solar cells.

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are potential light absorbers for solar cell applications since they are less toxic compared to commonly used lead-based alternatives. Retaining the less stable Sn2+ state is key to improving the efficiency of tin-based PSCs. Organic Lewis base molecules have demonstrated potential to achieve this purpose. However, the critical factors influencing the performance of Lewis bases are largely unknown. In this study, we applied density functional theory (DFT) to investigate seven Lewis base materials, including methanol (MeOH), dimethyl ether (DME), ethyl methyl ether (EME), methyl acetate (MeOAc), methyl ammonium (MA), methyl sulfonic acid (MSA), and methyl phosphonic acid (MPA). Our results show that the effectiveness of passivation is linked to the gap between the HOMO and the LUMO (Egap). These findings provide theoretical guidance to screen Lewis base additives for enhancing energy conversion efficiencies of tin-based PSCs.

Speciation and Reactivity Control of Cu-Oxo Clusters via Extraframework Al in Mordenite for Methane Oxidation.

The stoichiometric conversion of methane to methanol by Cu-exchanged zeolites can be brought to highest yields by the presence of extraframework Al and high CH4 chemical potentials. Combining theory and experiments, the differences in chemical reactivity of monometallic Cu-oxo and bimetallic Cu-Al-oxo nanoclusters stabilized in zeolite mordenite (MOR) are investigated. Cu-L3 edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, in combination with CH4 oxidation activity tests, support the presence of two types of active clusters in MOR and allow quantification of the relative proportions of each type in dependence of the Cu concentration. Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculations and thermodynamic analyses indicate that the superior performance of materials enriched in Cu-Al-oxo clusters is related to the activity of two μ-oxo bridges in the cluster. Replacing H2O with ethanol in the product extraction step led to the formation of ethyl methyl ether, expanding this way the applicability of these materials for the activation and functionalization of CH4. We show that competition between different ion-exchanged metal-oxo structures during the synthesis of Cu-exchanged zeolites determines the formation of active species, and this provides guidelines for the synthesis of highly active materials for CH4 activation and functionalization.

Deciphering the antibiofilm potential of 2-Phenylethyl methyl ether (PEME), a bioactive compound of Kewda essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus

Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their pathogenicity linked with biofilm infections become a severe issue as they resist the actions of multiple antimicrobial drugs. Naturally derived drugs having antibiofilm properties are more effective than chemically synthesized drugs. The plant derived essential oils are a rich source of phytoconstituents with widespread pharmacological values. In the present investigation, a major phytoconstituent, 2-Phenyl Ethyl Methyl Ether (PEME) of Kewda essential oil extracted from the flowers of Pandanus odorifer was explored for its prospective antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against ESKAPE pathogenic bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and MTCC 740. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PEME was found to be 50 mM against the tested bacterial strains. A gradual decrease in biofilm production was observed when PEME was treated with the sub-MIC concentration. The reduction in biofilm formation was noticeable from qualitative assay i.e., Congo Red Agar Assay (CRA) and further quantified by crystal violet staining assay. The decline in exopolysaccharides production was quantified, with the highest inhibition against MTCC 740 with a decrease of 71.76 ± 4.56% compared to untreated control. From the microscopic analysis (light and fluorescence microscopic method), PEME exhibited inhibitory effect on biofilm formation on the polystyrene surface. The in silico studies stated that PEME could invariably bind to biofilm associated target proteins. Further, transcriptomic data analysis suggested the role of PEME in the down-regulation of specific genes, agrA, sarA, norA and mepR, which are critically associated with bacterial virulence, biofilm dynamics and drug resistance patterns in S. aureus. Further, qRT-PCR analysis validated the role of PEME on biofilm inhibition by relative downregulation of agrA, sarA, norA and mepR genes. Further, advanced in silico methodologies could be employed in future investigations to validate its candidature as promising anti-biofilm agent.

Screening of Catalysts for the Methyl Vinyl Ether Reaction in H2

Calcium carbide and methanol are important platform chemicals, and the reaction between them can easily produce methyl vinyl ether (MVE). This paper aims to explore the downstream products of MVE through reaction with H2. Several catalysts with different active components and supports are screened in a fixed-bed reactor, and the product distributions at different reaction conditions are disclosed. At reaction temperatures of 200–300 °C, MVE is hydrogenated to methyl ethyl ether over PtO2/Al2O3 with a carbon yield of 59%, hydrolyzed to acetaldehyde over NiMoS/Al2O3 with a carbon yield of 31%, and hydrocracked to ethanol over CuO/Al2O3 and CuO/SiO2 with carbon yields of 13%–15%. At 400–450 °C, MVE is hydrodeoxygenated to C2–C4 hydrocarbons over PtO2/Al2O3 with a carbon yield of 95%. Methylbenzene, especially hexamethylbenzene, is formed over CuO/Al2O3 at 400–450 °C, and the reaction matrix was investigated at different VH2/VMVE ratios and space velocities and by the control experiments of acetaldehyde and methanol.

Oxidation of ethyl methyl ether: Jet-stirred reactor experiments and kinetic modeling

Larger ethers such as diethyl ether (DEE) and di-n-propyl ether (DPE) have different oxidation behavior (double-NTC behavior) compared to the simplest dimethyl ether (DME). Such phenomena are interpreted with different reactions and processes in different ether kinetic models, which also predict different formation pathways of oxidation intermediates such as acids. To gain further insights into the oxidation kinetics of linear ethers, ethyl methyl ether (EME), which has a nonsymmetrical structure, was studied in this work. Oxidation experiments of 1% of EME were performed in a jet-stirred reactor at 1 atm, a residence time of 2 s, an equivalence ratio of 1, and over a temperature range of 375–850 K. The intermediates were analyzed with photoionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry. To explain the oxidation behavior of EME, a detailed kinetic model was also constructed. The oxidation of EME spans a wider temperature range than DME, but no obvious double-NTC behavior was observed as DEE. Based on the model analysis and profiles of critical intermediates such as ketohydroperoxides (KHPs) and CH3O2H, the low-temperature oxidation behavior of EME was explained by the chain-branching reactions of the fuel itself and the oxidation intermediates. Abundant species such as aldehydes, acids, esters, and fuel-specific dione species were detected and could be well reproduced by the current model. In particular, acids are produced by the decomposition of KHPs and subsequent reactions of the intermediate CH3CHO. Esters and dione species are mainly formed via fuel-related pathways.

The effect of alkylation on the micro-solvation of ethers revealed by highly localized water librational motion.

The specific far-infrared spectral signatures associated with highly localized large-amplitude out-of-plane librational motion of water molecules have recently been demonstrated to provide sensitive spectroscopic probes for the micro-solvation of organic molecules [Mihrin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21(4), 1717 (2019)]. The present work employs this direct far-infrared spectroscopic approach to investigate the non-covalent intermolecular forces involved in the micro-solvation of a selection of seven ether molecules with systematically varied alkyl substituents: dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, and t-butyl ethyl ether. The ranking of the observed out-of-plane water librational band signatures for this selected series of ether-water complexes embedded in inert neon matrices at 4K reveals information about the interplay of directional intermolecular hydrogen bond motifs and non-directional and long-range dispersion interactions for the micro-solvated structures. These far-infrared observables differentiate minor subtle effects introduced by specific alkyl substituents and serve as rigorous experimental benchmarks for modern quantum chemical methodologies of various levels of scalability, which often fail to accurately predict the structural variations and corresponding vibrational signatures of the closely related systems. The accurate interaction energies of the series of ether-water complexes have been predicted by the domain based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster theory with single-, double-, and perturbative triple excitations, followed by a local energy decomposition analysis of the energy components. In some cases, the secondary dispersion forces are in direct competition with the primary intermolecular hydrogen bonds as witnessed by the specific out-of-plane librational signatures.

Mechanistic studies of the reactions of nitrogen dioxide with dimethyl ether and methyl ethyl ether

Ab initio and direct kinetics study of the CH3OCH3 + NO2 and CH3OC2H5 + NO2 reactions was performed over the temperature range of 300–1500 K. The geometries of all stationary points were optimized at the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory and the electronic energies were refined by the CCSD(T)/CBS method. The rate coefficients calculated by CVT theory including the small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction agreed well with the experimental data. Note that the H-abstraction from ethers to produce cis-HONO was the dominant channel at temperatures lower than 1000 K and the three channels to produce HNO2, trans-HONO and cis-HONO proceeded simultaneously.

Theoretical studies of the reactions of methyl ethyl ether with hydrogen atom, triplet oxygen atom and methyl radical

An analysis of reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the CH3OC2H5 + H, CH3OC2H5 + CH3• and CH3OC2H5 + O(3P) reactions has been examined. The M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory has been used to calculate the geometries of all species and the standard reaction Gibbs free energy was calculated at the same theory. Fifteen reaction channels have been described, including the H-abstraction channels and CH3-transfer channels. Electronic energies were refined by CCSD(T)/CBS method and the rate coefficients were calculated using CVT/SCT method. For the title reactions, the H-abstraction channels from the CH2 group were identified as major reaction channels.

Theoretical Study on the Mechanisms and Rate Constants of Oxidation of Methyl Ethyl Ether Induced by ·Oh in the Atmosphere

Theoretical Study on the Mechanisms and Rate Constants of Oxidation of Methyl Ethyl Ether Induced by ·Oh in the Atmosphere

Oxidative and pro-inflammatory lung injury induced by desflurane inhalation in rats and the protective effect of rutin.

Desflurane is a mainstay of general inhaled anesthetics with a methyl ethyl ether structure and is widely used in clinical practice. It has been reported to induce inflammation and lipid peroxidation in rat pulmonary parenchyma, to increase alveolar macrophages, and to cause peribronchial infiltration and edema. Rutin, a flavonoid vitamin P1, is known to have biological properties including acting as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, and an inhibitor of bronchoalveolar polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PNL) infiltration. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of rutin on desflurane-induced pulmonary injury using biochemical and histopathological methods. The rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 6 each): healthy control (HC), rutin+desflurane-treated (DRT) and desflurane-only (DSF). Briefly, 50 mg/kg of rutin was given orally to the DRT group and an equal volume of normal saline was given to the DSF and HC groups. After 1 h, anesthesia was induced and maintained in the DRT and DSF groups for 2 h. After the rats had been sacrificed, the lungs were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels were measured in the excised lung tissue. The removed tissues were also fixed in 10% formalin, and the obtained sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and evaluated under light microscopy. The biochemical and histopathological results of the DRT group were compared with those obtained from the DSF and HC groups. Desflurane increased MDA, TNF-α and NF-κB, and decreased GSH in lung tissue. The PNL infiltration, alveolar macrophages, hemorrhage, alveolar damage, and edema were observed in the lung tissue of the DSF group. Rutin was histopathologically shown to protect lung tissue from oxidative stress by preventing an increase in oxidant parameters and a decrease in antioxidants. The results suggest that rutin may be useful in the treatment of desflurane-associated lung injury.

Comprehensive substrate specificity map of the mycobacterial serine hydrolase, LipN

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), uses a battery of lipases to scavenge host cell lipids and maintain an infection in its host. With their central roles in infection, lipases have become a viable target for drug development, but many of the lipases in M. tuberculosis remain poorly characterized. Our goal was to determine the substrate specificity, biochemical properties, and potential structural information of LipN, a proposed mycobacterial lipase. Initially, wild type LipN was heterologously expressed, purified to homogeneity, and its substrate specificity characterized against a library of 35 fluorogenic ester substrates. Wild type LipN demonstrated the highest catalytic efficiency against small carbon esters, including methyl ether, ethyl ether, and oxazole esters. LipN's preference for short (three carbons or less) esters with polar substituents suggests its physiological role as an esterase rather than a lipase and a selectivity for polar metabolites. Substitutional mutagenesis across the modeled active site and binding pocket of LipN allowed identification of the essential catalytic serine and histidine residues with the catalytic aspartate playing a less essential role in catalysis. The rest of the binding pocket showcased a range of polar residues required for full catalytic activity and two conserved glycines as the oxyanion hole. Herein, we showed that LipN likely catalyzes the ester hydrolysis of small, polar metabolites potentially aiding in the acquisition of additional energy sources from a host.

Exploring chemical kinetics of plasma assisted oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME)

Abstract Chemical kinetics of plasma assisted oxidation of dimethyl ether was investigated by photoionization molecular beam mass spectrometry (PI-MBMS) and kinetic modeling. A series of hydrocarbon and oxygenated intermediates, especially some fuel-specific oxygenated intermediates including methyl formate, ethyl methyl ether and dimethoxymethane, were identified by the measured mass spectra and photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves. The quantification results displayed two main change patterns of species mole fractions with increasing oxygen, indicating the different dominating formation pathways. In addition to the oxygenates, C1 and C2 hydrocarbon intermediates were observed at low temperatures in the DME/O2/Ar and DME/Ar plasma systems, while the formation of these intermediates usually occurs at temperatures higher than 800 K in the thermal oxidation of DME. A kinetic model containing gas-phase reactions and plasma reactions was developed. The model analysis suggests that both hydrogen abstractions and plasma reactions involving electron/Ar*/O(1D)/Ar+ contribute to the fuel consumption. The subsequent reactions of the resulting CH3OCH2, CH3O and CH3 lead to the yield of the observed hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The experimental results together with kinetic modeling indicate that the fuel and fuel radical may decompose into methyl radical, oxygen atom and formaldehyde directly, which account for the under prediction of formaldehyde and the observation of oxygenates with moderate concentrations in the DME/Ar plasma.

Use of 2-methoxyethyl ether and nitromethane as oxygenated additives for performance improvement and emission reduction of CI engine: experimental investigation and numerical simulation.

Diesel engines are playing a vital responsibility in the field of automobile, agriculture, construction, and power generation. In the present world, much research is going on in the field of renewable energy to replace conventional sources of energy. But it is not very easy to replace diesel engines with other sources due to the better power output and reliability. The emissions from CI engines are very harmful for human health and for the environment. The major emissions are smoke and NOx which need to be controlled in an effective manner. In this work, direct injection variable compression ratio CI engine was used in experimental investigations for determining the combustion characteristics for D-MXEE-NM blends at different compression ratios. By performance analysis and exhaust emission of engine at peak load, D-MXEE5-NM2.5 (diesel 92.5%, 2-methoxyethyl ether 5%, and nitromethane 2.5%) blend was identified as best blend among all tested fuel blends and pure diesel at normal compression ratio (17.5). Further, all considered fuels with different CR values at peak load were ranked by Entropy-VIKOR method. From the analysis, D-MXEE5-NM2.5 at CR 19.5 was found as best fuel blend (ranked first) among all fuel blends and different compression ratios considered with same experimental conditions. By comparison of best fuel blend D-MXEE5-NM2.5 (at advanced compression ratio 19.5) with diesel (at standard CR 17.5), emission decline (HC 66.66%, CO 70.00%, and smoke 16.09%) and performance improvement (decrement in BSFC 7.07% and increment in BTE 4.41%) were obtained significantly at peak load. However, negligible increment in NOx (3.58%) was observed.

Dimethyl and ethyl methyl ether adsorption studies on β-antimonene nanosheets – a first-principles study

ABSTRACT Dimethyl ether (DME) and ethyl methyl ether (EME) are highly toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that find their potential importance in many industries. Besides, DME and EME are highly flammable VOCs, which may cause a fire hazard. Also, both DME and EME are toxic to humans and animals. Thus, the detection of ether molecules in the atmosphere is important using chemical sensors. The novel β-antimonene nanosheet (β-SbNS) is taken as a base substrate to study the interaction behaviour of DME and EME molecules on the surface using density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, β-SbNS possesses semiconductor nature with an energy gap of 1.293 eV. At first, the structural stability of β-SbNS was confirmed with the negative magnitude of cohesive formation energy. In addition, the electronic characteristics of β-SbNS are studied in terms of the projected-density of states and band maps. Importantly, different global minima sites (bridge, ring, and top) of DME and EME vapour on β-SbNS were explored with the influence of significant factors, namely adsorption energy, average band gap changes, and Bader charge transfer. The findings of the proposed work advocate that β-SbNS can be competently used as a chemi-resistive sensor to detect DME and EME vapour molecules.

Clustering of alkanols confined in chabazite zeolites: Kinetic implications for dehydration of methanol-ethanol mixtures

Methanol-ethanol mixtures enable simultaneous quantification of bimolecular dehydration turnover rates (373 K, per H+) to dimethyl ether (DME) and methyl ethyl ether (MEE) on chabazite zeolites. Coverage terms for protonated alkanol clusters rigorously cancel in DME and MEE formation rate expressions, and enables isolating the kinetic relevance of trimer-mediated pathways to form DME, but not MEE, at high coverage (373 K, 2–50 kPa CH3OH). The kinetics of parallel product formation provide experimental evidence that DME formation rates are inhibited when larger protonated CH3OH clusters form (>3 CH3OH/H+) because they must desorb CH3OH to form kinetically-preferred trimer-mediated transition states.

Comprehensive substrate specificity map of the mycobacterial serine hydrolase, LipN

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), uses a battery of lipases to scavenge host cell lipids and maintain an infection in its host. With their central roles in infection, lipases have become a viable target for drug development, but many of the lipases in M. tuberculosis remain poorly characterized. Our goal was to determine the substrate specificity, biochemical properties, and potential structural information of LipN, a proposed mycobacterial lipase. Initially, wild type LipN was heterologously expressed, purified to homogeneity, and its substrate specificity characterized against a library of 35 fluorogenic ester substrates. Wild type LipN demonstrated the highest catalytic efficiency against small carbon esters, including methyl ether, ethyl ether, and oxazole esters. LipN’s preference for short (three carbons or less) esters with polar substituents suggests its physiological role as an esterase rather than a lipase and a selectivity for polar metabolites. Substitutional mutagenesis across the modeled active site and binding pocket of LipN allowed identification of the essential catalytic serine and histidine residues with the catalytic aspartate playing a less essential role in catalysis. The rest of the binding pocket showcased a range of polar residues required for full catalytic activity and two conserved glycines as the oxyanion hole. Herein, we showed that LipN likely catalyzes the ester hydrolysis of small, polar metabolites potentially aiding in the acquisition of additional energy sources from a host.

Thermochemistry of Fluorinated Dimethyl and Ethyl Methyl Ethers and Corresponding Radical Species

Standard enthalpies of formation (ΔfH°298), standard entropies (S°(T)), and heat capacities (Cp(T)) are calculated for dimethyl and ethyl methyl fluorinated ethers, both the parent and related radical species. The parent and radical species are utilized to determine carbon–hydrogen, carbon–fluorine, carbon–carbon, and carbon–oxygen bond dissociation energies (C–H, C–F, C–C, and C–O BDEs). The ΔfH°298 and BDEs are calculated using a variety of error-canceling isogyric and/or isodesmic reactions at the MN15/cc-pVTZ, CBS-QB3, and CBS-APNO levels of theory. ΔfH°298 calculations from the MN15 functional for these ether species are shown to have consistency with the CBS-QB3 and CBS-APNO composite methods with our recommended ideal gas phase ΔfH°298 values from the average of these two composite methods. C–F BDE values are shown to range overall between 111 and 128 kcal mol–1, the C–H BDEs are in the 93–106 kcal mol–1 range, the C–O BDEs are in the 83–107 kcal mol–1 range, and the C–C BDEs are in the 88–101 kcal...

Solvate Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Mg Batteries

We report here the structures and physicochemical properties of Mg[N(SO2CF3)2]2 (MgTFSA2)/glyme solvate ionic liquid electrolytes for Mg batteries. MgTFSA2 and certain glymes, such as triglyme (G3), tetraglyme (G4), and pentaglyme (G5), form equimolar complexes.1 The melting points of [Mg(G3)]TFSA2, [Mg(G4)]TFSA2, and [Mg(G5)]TFSA2 complexes are 70, 138, and 141 °C, respectively. X-ray crystallography revealed that each glyme wraparound a Mg2+ ion and forms a [Mg(glyme)]2+ complex cation in the crystalline solvate. To decrease the melting points of (MgTFSA2)/glyme complexes, asymmetric structure was introduced to the ligand (glyme). One of the terminal methyl groups of G3 molecule was substituted with other alkyl groups having various chain lengths. In this study, we used triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether (G3Et) triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether (G3Bu) as ligands. As we expected, the melting point of [Mg(G3Et)]TFSA2 is 57.3 °C, which is lower than that of [Mg(G3)]TFSA2.2 The entropic term of melting increased with increasing asymmetric alkyl chain length, indicating that conformational flexibility successfully decreased the melting point. [Mg(G3Bu)]TFSA2 became a glass forming liquid and maintained liquid state at room temperature. Raman spectra for the [Mg(G3Bu)]TFSA2 indicated that the 1:1 complex structure of [Mg(G3Bu)]2+ is kept even in the liquid state. [Mg(G3Bu)]TFSA2 is thermally stable and does not decompose up to 251 °C. The oxidative stability of [Mg(G3Bu)]TFSA2 was analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry. [Mg(G3Bu)]TFSA2 possesses a higher oxidative stability compared with uncoordinated glymes. This is because the HOMO energy level of glyme is lowered by the complexation with Mg2+ ion.1,3 Mg metal deposition and dissolution are also possible in this electrolyte. Physicochemical properties of [Mg(glyme)]TFSA2 complexes will be compared with those of other glyme-based solvate ionic liquids such as [Li(glyme)]TFSA and [Na(glyme)]TFSA. Acknowledgements This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos. 18H03926) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the MEXT program “Elements Strategy Initiative to Form Core Research Center” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). References S. Tsuzuki, T. Mandai, S. Suzuki, W. Shinoda, T. Nakamura, K. Ueno, S. Seki, Y. Umebaysashi, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 18262-18272.K. Hashimoto, S. Suzuki, Morgan L. Thomas, T. Mandai, S. Tsuzuki, K. Dokko, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 7998-8007.T. Mandai, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, Chem. Rec. 2019, 19, 708-722.

A Model for Non-Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity.

Non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity is observed in various solid electrolytes. The behavior is intriguing, because it limits the magnitude of ionic conductivity at high temperatures. Understanding the nature of this behavior is of fundamental interest and deserves attention. In the present study, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity in solids and liquids is analyzed using the Bond Strength–Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model developed by ourselves. It is shown that our model describes well the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity that varies from Arrhenius to non-Arrhenius-type behavior. According to our model, the non-Arrhenius behavior is controlled by the degree of binding energy fluctuation between the mobile species and the surroundings. A brief discussion on a possible size effect in non-Arrhenius behavior is also given. Within the available data, the BSCNF model suggests that the size effect in the degree of the non-Arrhenius mass transport behavior in a poly (methyl ethyl ether)/polystyrene (PVME/PS) blend is different from that in a-polystyrene and polyamide copolymer PA66/6I.