Methanol Research Articles

Characteristic of the chemical composition of Artemisia pontica L.

The aim of this work is to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of biologically active compounds of Artemisia pontica L. Definition prospects of medicinal herbal raw materials in the treatment of diseases.
 Materials and methods. Research material (Artemisia pontica L. herb) was collected in August 2019 in the Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine. The tincture was obtained by maceration. So, the tincture was being extracted with methyl alcohol at room temperature for 10 days. The tincture was extracted with methyl alcohol at room temperature for 10 days according to the method of preparing tinctures. The study of the chemical composition of tincture of Artemisia pontica L. was carried out using gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B GC System (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with mass spectrometric detector Agilent 5977 BGC/MSD (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and chromatographic column DB-5ms (30 m × 250 mkm × 0.25 mkm).
 Results. 26 compounds were identified by analysis. Compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid (16.71 %), 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13.29 %), 2-(4a,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid (8.80 %), 8-nitro-(1H)quinolin-4-ol-2-one (6.45 %) and neophytadiene (4.66 %) prevail in tincture. A literature review showed that n-hexadecanoic acid stimulates anti-inflammatory processes in human immune cells through TLR4 receptors, it has antitumor and antidiabetic activity and it also has anti-inflammatory effects. Derivatives of 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid are used in diabetes therapy. 2-(4a,8-Dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid is an immunosuppressant and probably improves tissue insulin sensitivity. In addition, it is necessary to underline the presence of neophytadiene that has an anti-inflammatory effect. The presence of β-phellandrene provides insecticidal and eucalyptol anti-inflammatory effects.
 Conclusions. Considering the individual actions of the individual components, Artemisia pontica L. herb can be recommended for further research on its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects.

Effect of impregnation sequence of Cr on steaming reforming of methanol to hydrogen over CuO-CeO2 catalysts

Effect of impregnation sequence of Cr on steaming reforming of methanol to hydrogen over CuO-CeO2 catalysts

Exploring of Coronilla varia L. extracts as a source of high-value natural agents: Chemical profiles and biological connections

Pharmacological studies have indicated that flavonoids are crucial compounds to eliminate drug resistance. In this report, the activity of ethyl acetate (EAE), methanol (ME) and water (WE) extracts of Coronilla varia L. on antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, DNA protective effects, antiproliferative activities, apoptotic; autophagic and telomerase gene activity analysis in breast cancer cells and inhibitory effects on cell migration ability of malignant breast cancer cells were examined. In addition, HPLC-MS-MS was used for detection of chemical profiles of all extracts. Results showed that the highest concentration of the bioactive components was detected in EAE (50.86 mg GAE/g for phenolics and 25.66 mg RE/g for flavonoid). Also, EAE displayed significant antioxidant properties in radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Regarding enzyme inhibitory effects, EAE and ME were more active than WE. Some significant compounds such as, vitamin B5, riboflavin, citric acid, and isoflavonoid derivate – medicarpin, noscapine were detected only in WE. Apigenin was determined in all extracts. WE indicated the most shield effect on pDNA against oxidative damage. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of extracts on breast cancer cells were calculated with MTT cell viability test. Bax gene was up-regulated and anti-apoptotic gene known as Bcl-2 was down-regulated on MDA-MB-231 cells after treated with WE. TERT-1 gene was down-regulated after treated with EAE and ME for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Cell migration ability of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells was prevented with EAE and ME. A more effective treatment strategy can be applied by combining these extracts with commercial chemotherapy drugs which cause apoptosis and cell migration inhibition in vitro.

The Moroccan Pomegranate: An Underrated Source of Tannins Extracts and Natural Antimicrobials from Juice Processing Byproducts

Purpose The pomegranate juice manufacturing industry produces vast quantities of non-edible portions of fruit as a by-product. The rind is a good source of many beneficial functional components, especially polyphenols and in particular tannins. This research was undertaken to expose the presence of active substances, including tannin compounds, in the crude extracts (aqueous (AE) and methanolic (ME)) and their fractions increasing in polarity, from Moroccan pomegranate rind samples. Methods To describe the molecular distribution of tannin content in crude extracts, steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) on Sephadex gel 50 was carried out. In addition, their antimicrobial properties were tested using agar diffusion, dispersion, and microdilution methods against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis. Results For both crude extracts, the SEC showed qualitative and quantitative differences in tannin polymerization. Diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) obtained against bacterial species ranged from 20.6 to 30.3 mm for ME, from 10.8 to 15.3 mm for AE and from 0 to 16.6 mm for fractions. Among the selected fungal cultures, the highest antifungal activity was reported against S. cerevisiae; with an inhibition rate (I %) ranging up to 99.00% for AE. With I % reaching up to 93.35%, the C. tropicalis strain was more sensitive to ME, although the AE has no inhibitory effect on this yeast. For fractions, the I % ranged from 7.03 to 98.03% where a synergistic antifungal effect was observed between fractions. Conclusion Pomegranate processing by-product is a potential source which could be used as natural preservatives in food industry and non-toxic matrices replacing hazardous materials in surface treatment.

Encapsulation method developed for OLED devices mounted at laboratory

A simple method with low cost of encapsulation for organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices mounted at laboratory was proposed to obtain considerable increase of the lifetime. In this study, it was used a capsule formed by: glass slide as substrate, a layer of polyvinyl acetate glue diluted in methyl alcohol, a layer of calcium oxide as secant and epoxy placed at the edges of capsule. The performance of this capsule was analyzed using a thin film of polymer semiconductor called as PEDOT:PSS, that is sensitive to moisture and oxygen from atmospheric air. The PEDOT:PSS thin layer was deposited between anode and cathode electrodes using commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film deposited on glass substrate. The capsule was placed covering completely the PEDOT:PSS thin film, and the electrical resistance was measured by elapsed days. This result revealed lowest electrical resistance compared with other methods, showing also good performance as encapsulation process.

Encapsulation method developed for OLED devices mounted at laboratory

A simple method with low cost of encapsulation for organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices mounted at laboratory was proposed to obtain considerable increase of the lifetime. In this study, it was used a capsule formed by: glass slide as substrate, a layer of polyvinyl acetate glue diluted in methyl alcohol, a layer of calcium oxide as secant and epoxy placed at the edges of capsule. The performance of this capsule was analyzed using a thin film of polymer semiconductor called as PEDOT:PSS, that is sensitive to moisture and oxygen from atmospheric air. The PEDOT:PSS thin layer was deposited between anode and cathode electrodes using commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film deposited on glass substrate. The capsule was placed covering completely the PEDOT:PSS thin film, and the electrical resistance was measured by elapsed days. This result revealed lowest electrical resistance compared with other methods, showing also good performance as encapsulation process.

In vitro Callus Induction of Tomato and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts and Enzymatic Activities in Callus Cultures

Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important plant rich in many vitamins and antioxidant enzymes. Methods: Tomato leaves of two cultivars (‘Peto 86’ and ‘Strain B’) were used as explant sources for callus induction. The antioxidant activity of the calli ethanol (ET) and methanol (ME)extracts were determined. The enzymatic activities were evaluated in callus cultures. Callus induced from leaf explants of tomato cultivars on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and auxins such as BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and Kin (Kinetin) for rapid induction of callus and biomass growth. Results: The medium (M2) containing 3 mg L-1 BAP with 1 mg L-1 IAA produced the highest percentage of callus induction (PCI) (100%) in two cultivars. The relative fresh weight growth (RFWG) was reported by the fresh callus weighed after four weeks of culture and again weighed after one month of sub-culture. In both cultivars cultured on M2 medium the RFWG was (1.60) in ‘Peto 86’ and (1.47) in ‘Strain B’. The results showed that PCI and RFWG differed with the cultivars tested. The scavenging DPPH free radical activity in callus (ET) extracts exhibited a significant increase in (P < 0.05) than the activity in callus (ME) extract. The peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were found in calli of both tomato cultivars. The enzymatic activities were higher in callus of ‘Peto 86’ cultivar than in callus of ‘Strain B’ cultivar. Conclusions: Calli had antioxidant and enzyme activities that can be beneficial for extracting important components or for plant regeneration.

Cubic CuxZrO100-x as an efficient and selective catalyst for the oxidation of aromatics active methyl, alcohol, and amine groups

The local structure of a supported active metal plays a vital role in determining the desired product's selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we have developed a simple protocol for the synthesis of Cu doped on cubic ZrO2 mixed metal oxide catalysts and used it for the selective oxidation of various functional groups. The catalyst was synthesized by varying the wt.% of Cu (1–20%) on ZrO2 by co-precipitation, followed by hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalysts confirmed the formation of the cubic phase of ZrO2, and the growth of CuO occurred along the (111) plane. The microscopy analysis revealed the uniform distribution of Cu on the ZrO2 surface, while XPS analysis confirmed the presence of copper in the +2 oxidation state. The synthesized catalyst with 2 wt% loading of Cu on ZrO2 showed excellent liquid-phase oxidation properties and gave good to best conversion of active methyl groups, alcohols, and amines with high selectivities to corresponding ketones, aldehydes, and amides, respectively, under milder reaction conditions. Furthermore, the synthesized catalyst showed a broader substrate scope for the various substituted active methyl groups, alcohols, and amines with good conversion and selectivity.

Anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts from the stem bark of Psychotria camptopus Verdc. (Rubiacaea) in rats

Ethnopharmacology relevanceThe decoction from the stem bark of Psychotria camptopus (Rubiaceae) is used in the Cameroonian pharmacopoeia to treat neurological pathologies including epilepsy. AimThe present work was undertaken to study the anticonvulsant properties of the aqueous (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts from the stem bark of P. camptopus in acute models of epileptic seizures in Wistar rats. MethodAE and ME were obtained by decoction and maceration of the stem bark powder in water and methanol, respectively. They were tested orally at the doses of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg, on the latency of onset and duration of epileptic seizures induced by pentylene tetrazole (PTZ, 70 mg/kg, i.p.). The kinetic effect of both extracts at 120 mg/kg was evaluated. Their effects on diazepam (50 mg/kg) induced sleep and strychnine (STR, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizures were determined. ME was further tested on picrotoxin (PIC, 7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizure models. The phytochemical composition of ME was assessed using LC-MS method, as well as its acute toxicity. ResultsAE and ME significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the duration of seizures in both PTZ and STR models. Their maximal effect was observed at 1 h after administration, though their effect at 120 mg/kg was maintained (p < 0.05) up to 24 h post-treatment. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sleep duration. ME significantly (p < 0.001) increased the latency of rat death on PIC-induced convulsions. In TSC rats, ME significantly (p < 0.001) delayed the latency to the first convulsion, and decreased the duration and frequency of convulsions. ME showed no acute toxicity while its phytochemical screening revealed the presence of two flavonoids (Rutin and Butin), two triterpenoid saponins (Psycotrianoside B and Bauerenone) and four alkaloids (10-Hydroxy-antirhine, 10-hydroxy-iso-deppeaninol, Emetine and Hodkinsine). In conclusion, AE and ME from the stem bark of P. camptopus have comparable anticonvulsant properties. The effect of ME is likely due to the presence of flavonoids and alkaloid and the activation of GABA pathway. These results further justify and support the use of P. camptopus in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy.

Photocatalytic oxidation of methanol selectivity in the preparation of the application of methylformate

In order to improve the application performance of methanol selective photochemical oxidation in the preparation of methyl formate, the catalytic performance of different oxides was analyzed. A series of TiO2 catalysts supported by gold, silver and copper were synthesized by the method of metal sol deposition. The catalytic properties of different oxides were analyzed. The most appropriate amount of methanol was selected to explore its application in the preparation of metal formate. The effects of temperature, load, space velocity and other factors on the catalytic properties were explored through experiments. By comparing the catalytic performance of different oxides, it is found that when the oxides are CH3OH, the prepared CH3OH / MoO3-SnO2 has better catalytic effect. Therefore, the catalyst with good dispersion and suitable acid-base position is more favorable for the formation of methyl formate and the conversion of methanol.

Development and study of new oil compositions on industrial dioktylcebacylic oils adding esters of 2.5,5.5-tetrametylolcyclopethane

Complex esters of 2.5,5.5-tetrametylolcyclopethane with heptanedioic and hexanoic acids, as well as methyl and 2-ethylhexyl alcohols have been synthesized and studied. Few compositions have been obtained adding these esters to the industrial ones of 5-20 % diisooktyl sebacylic. It was defined that exploitation characteristics of these compositions are significantly higher than those of DOS: viscosity index, flash point, thermal oxidative stability and lubricating characteristics. Based on these parameters, it is recommended to use in the future these compositions in the preparation of aircraft oils of gas-turbine engines instead of DOS esters.

SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF MINOXIDIL AND FINASTERIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD

A strategic specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of Minoxidil and Finasteride has been developed by using HPLC with reliable, precise, and accurate result in bulk and marketed formulation. In this method Phenomenex C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used as stationary phase and a composition of Methanol: Water (85:15 v/v) was used as mobile phase. An isocratic elution programming has been done at a flow rate of 1 mL min -1 . The eluted analytes show appreciable absorbance at 223 nm. The proposed RP-LC method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The retention time of Minoxidil and Finasteride was found to be 3.15 min and 4.36 min respectively. The method was found to be linear over a range of 6 – 54 µg mL -1 for Minoxidil and 0.2-1.8 µg mL -1 for Finasteride. The percentage recovery was found to be 99.88-100.85 % for Minoxidil and 99.99-100.33 % for Finasteride. The proposed reverse phase LC method has potential qualitative as well as quantitative applications for simultaneous estimation of Minoxidil and Finasteride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

Comparative Study and GC/MS Analyses of Oleo-Gum Resins extracts obtained from Boswellia papyrifera (Tarak tarak)

Three samples of oleogum resins of Boswellia papyrifera grown in some parts of the Sudan were subjected to screening with the objective of evaluating phytochemical constituents of their extracts (petroleum ether , and methanol) as well as their acid fractions. Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the main components in the petroleum ether extracts were sequentially naphtho [1, 2-b] furan-2-one (24.23%), oleic acid (22.39%) and octadecanoic acid (20.45%), whereas the principal chemical compounds in the methanolic extracts were lycopene (13.78%), oleic acid (28.60%) and benzoic acid (26.90%). The dominant molecule in the acid fractions of both Kordofan and Damazine samples was hexadecanoic acid (16.46% and 23.33%, respectively), while that from Nagawa olibanum was oleic acid (15.34%).

In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Endemic Tanacetum erzincanense Together with Phenolic Content by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

In this study, phenolic composition, and in vitro biological activities of ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of endemic Tanacetum erzincanense were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated over radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) and metal ion reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC) tests. Individual phenolic compounds in ME was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS). Cell inhibitory potential of the extracts was tested against colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. The results showed that ME contains higher TPC (64.4 mg GAE/g) and TFC (62.2 mg QE/g) than those of EAE (41.5 mg GAE/g and 40.0 mg QE/g). LC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis revealed that ME is rich in phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and diosmetin. Antioxidant assay results indicated that ME possess stronger activity than EAE and a power that competes with synthetic antioxidants. XTT assay results demonstrated that although both extracts displayed a considerable cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner, ME expressed its selective inhibitory action towards MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 20.4 μg/mL for 72 h. These results may serve as a basis for further in vivo studies to examine the potential applications of T. erzincanense in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Methyl Alcohol Poisoning: An Analysis of 18 Consecutive Cases

Methyl Alcohol Poisoning: An Analysis of 18 Consecutive Cases

배초향 추출물의 이화학적 품질 특성 및 생리활성

Agastache rugosa is used as a medicinal herb and contains various polyphenol compounds. Here, we investigated the physicochemical properties; and the immunomodulatory and anti-obesity effects of Agastache rugosa extracts. Agastache rugosa was extracted with hot water (HE), 70% ethanol (EE), and 70% methanol (ME). The yield of Agastache rugosa extracts varied depending on the extraction solvents, from 6.11 to −8.86%. The total sugar content was the highest in the HE -(33.98 g/100 g). In contrast, the total polyphenol content was the highest in the ME -(10.25 g/100 g), while the total protein content was similar in all extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ME was 61.05%, and the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the EE was 47.73% at 1,000 μg/mL. Additionally, the FRAP activity and ORAC value of the EE at 1,000 μg/mL were 1.14 μM and 121.03 μM TE/g, respectively. Importantly, all extracts decreased the production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells, and the cytokine content also decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, all extracts decreased lipid accumulation in adipocytes in vitro, compared with that in the untreated adipocytes. Therefore, Agastache rugosa extracts can potentially be used as functional materials with immunomodulatory and anti-obesity effects.

Novel Process Simulation of Biodiesel Production from Crude Castor Oil

A continuous process flowsheet for biodiesel production from crude castor oil and methanol was developed on Aspen HYSYS simulation environment. It consists of an acid-catalysed sub-process for pre-treatment of the crude feedstock and a base-catalysed one for trans-esterification of treated oil. Reactions involved were defined using kinetic parameters obtained from lab-scale experiments for increased realism, and reactor setup was decided based on basic technological and economical assessments. Specifications of other unit operations and flows were obtained from different approximation methods, literature adaptation and trade-off consideration. Input and output quality controls were achieved via simple adjustments with tight tolerances. The use of crude feedstock reduced the cost of raw material while expanding the scale of the process, which managed to produce 8000 tons of biodiesel having purity of over 99 % a year. Specifically, the process could remove up to 90.83 % amount of free fatty acids in the crude oil and convert up to 93.82 % of oil to biodiesel.

A Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Properties Derived from Meat Stall Wastes through Optimized Parameters

Biodiesel is considered as alternative green fuels that can be used in Internal Combustion engines as a replacement fuel for conventional diesel. Biodiesel is extracted from vegetable and animal sources which are rich in triglycerides. In this work, an attempt has been made to obtain and characterize the biodiesel from animal wastes such as chicken skin and pig tallow which are available in abundance and at an economical cost within the authors’ geographical location. Initially, the feedstock is decontaminated and subjected to conventional heating to convert it into fatty oil. Heating is carried out at different temperatures and for varying time to find out the optimal combination of time and temperature, which would result in maximum fat yield. The fatty oil is then subjected to the trans-esterification process with methyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to extract crude biodiesel. A de-canter funnel is used to separate the glycerine and biodiesel from the crude extract. The extracted biodiesel is mixed in different volume percentages with conventional diesel, and various thermochemical properties were evaluated as per ASTM standards. The test result indicated that the properties of the biodiesel blends were well within the limits as prescribed by ASTM standards.

Physicochemical Properties of Purified Biodiesel Based on Oil Recovered from Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Viscera

AbstractThe effects of neutralization, transesterification, and adsorption on the physicochemical properties of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained from crude catfish oil (CO) were investigated. CO was recovered from catfish viscera and subjected to: neutralization (NCO) with 20 (g/100 g) NaOH solution, transesterification (BIO) with methyl alcohol (1:6 molar ratio, oil: alcohol) and 1 (g/100 g) (w/w) NaOH, and purification by adsorption (PBIO) with activated earth (10 g/100 g of BIO). CO, NCO, BIO, and PBIO were evaluated for FAME, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), cloud and flash points, free and total glycerin, rheological properties, and minerals. Catfish viscera had a lipid content of 28.5 g/100 g (wet basis), of which 20.9 g were recovered as CO (73.33% yield). Furthermore, 84.67 g of NCO, 77.53 g of BIO, and/or 60.22 g of PBIO were produced from 100 g of CO processed. NCO had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower FFA, density, cloud point, flash point, and diacylglycerols content than CO. Meanwhile, PBIO had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower PV and cloud points when compared to BIO. CO, NCO, BIO, and PBIO behaved as Newtonian fluids at 25 °C. BIO and PBIO adhere to the american society for testing and materials (ASTM) biodiesel standards for FAME, moisture, density, cloud point, free and total glycerin, Na, P, and S. This study demonstrated the feasibility of converting high‐viscosity CO into low‐viscosity PBIO with promising physicochemical attributes. PBIO has the potential to serve as a viable alternative biofuel.

In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory action of Cannabis sativa L. Cannabaceae and in silico study of its selected phytocompounds.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00075-0.