Methods Section Research Articles

Author Correction: Utilization of peginterferon-β-1a in the real-world practice for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Correction to: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2024; 28 (1): 411-418. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34930-published online on January 16, 2024. After publication, the authors have applied some corrections to the galley proof: • In the Patients and Methods section of the abstract, "National Health System" is corrected to "National Health Service". • In the Conclusions section of the abstract, "SC PEG-IFN-β-1a and IFN- β-1a" is corrected to "PEG-IFN-β-1a and SC IFN-β-1a". • In the Population section, the study period "January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2019" was not reported; therefore, this specification has been added to the text. • The legend of Figure 1 was wrongly reported as the same as Table I. The correct title of Figure 1 is "Study flow diagram". • Under Tables I, II, and III, "interferon beta 1a IFN-β-1a" is corrected to "interferon beta 1a (IFN-β-1a)". • In Table III, "CS Glatiramer acetate" is corrected to "SC Glatiramer acetate". • In the Conclusions section, "SC IFN-β-1a SC" is corrected to "SC IFN-β-1a". • The funding section has been amended as follows: "This study was sponsored by Biogen Italia (Milan, Italy)." There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/34930.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT AMONG GNM STUDENTS IN SMT. NAGARATHNAMMA SCHOOL OF NURSING, BENGALURU

Background:A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on disaster management among GNM students in Smt. Nagarathnamma school of nursing. To determine the pre-test knowledge among the students of Smt. Nagarathnamma School of Nursing at Bengaluru.To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on disaster management.To find the association between the pretest level of knowledge scores of students with selected demographic variables Methods: A cross sectional survey method was used to collect the data using a structured awareness questionnaire from 100 caregivers of mentally ill patients based on non- probability purposive sampling.at Bapuji Hospital, Davangere. Results: 1. The knowledge regarding disaster management among students in pre-test, the mean score was 20.18 and standard deviation was 1.826. 2. The effectiveness of structured teaching programme have been evaluated and found effective with highly statistically significant values, (such as mean score = 31.26, standard deviation=1.826 and the t value=42.375with the p value= <0.05). 3. There was no significant association between the pre-test knowledge of the students with the demographic variables namely age, sex, educational qualification. Conclusion:This study has proved that the students had a remarkable increase in the knowledge regarding disaster management, when compared to their previous knowledge, prior to the administration of the structured teaching programme. This study plays an important role in prevention and management of impact in various disasters. This study has not only improved the knowledge of the students. It could be considered as a part of continuing professional development of students in all aspects.

Gynecology of children and adolescents, sexual azo defects, or, disorders of the functioning of the menstrual cycle.

This article explores the often-overlooked domain of pediatric gynecology, focusing on sexual azo defects and disorders of the menstrual cycle in children and adolescents. Through an extensive literature analysis, the study investigates the prevalence, causes, and potential interventions for these conditions. The methods section details the approach taken, followed by the results, discussion, and concluding with practical suggestions for healthcare practitioners dealing with young patients in this field

Characterization of Starch Granaule of Local Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) from Lermatang, Tanimbar Island District, Maluku

Most tuberous crops, for instance, the yam, whose scientific name is Dioscorea alata, have food reserves in the form of starch in tubers. Characterization of starch grains of a plant species is pertinent to uncover information on plant taxonomic traits and identify their potential use as food and industrial raw materials. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of starch grains of water yam from Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands Regency. This study isolated and submitted six accessions of water yam in Lermatang Village. The morphological inspection of the plants used the Descriptor for Yam from IPGRI, and sample preparation for observing starch grains employed the fresh section method. The six accessions of D. alata found in Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands, were Uwi Merah, Uwi Gula, Uwi Pingingsian, Uwi Babulu, Uwi Akiakab, and Uwi Petatas. These yam varieties show differences in their tubers' shape and colors. The study found that starch granules of D. alata in each accession varied in terms of granule shape and hilus type. The starch granules revealed dominant triangular, oval, and elliptical shapes and eccentric and concentric hilus types. The starch grain diameter in the six accessions of Uwi was categorically large (44.88 – 57.5 µm), with Uwi Petatas being the largest. Previous reports have shown that accessions having large starch granule types could be further developed into an array of foods, thus conveying the promising use of the Uwi Petatas for such a purpose.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP -ASI) Pada Anak Usia 6 - 24 Bulan di Puskesmas Laubaleng Kabupaten Karo Tahun 2023

Providing Complementary Food with Breast Milk (MP-ASI) to babies must pay attention to the recommended Nutritional Adequacy Rate (AKG) based on age group and food texture that is appropriate to the development of the toddler's age. This research aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes and the provision of complementary foods for breast milk (Mp-Asi) in children aged 6 - 24 months at the Laubaleng Community Health Center, Karo Regency in 2023. This type of research is research using an analytical survey with a cross sectional method approach. The population is all mothers who have children aged 6 - 24 months, totaling 46 people. The number of samples used was 46 people obtained using the total sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses chi square. The results obtained in this study were that from 46 respondents, there was a relationship between maternal knowledge and the provision of complementary foods for breast milk (MP-ASI) in children aged 6 - 24 months, showing that the p value = 0.023 < 0.05. It is recommended for Health Workers to increase education regarding Complementary Feeding for Breast Milk (MP-ASI).

FAMILY SUPPORT AS A FACTOR RELATED TO THE SELF EFFICACY OF POST STROKE PATIENTS

Background: Self-Efficacy is one of the psychological problems experienced by post-stroke patients. One of the factors related to post-stroke patient self-efficacy is family support. Stroke sufferers will experience various disorders. So for some of the impacts caused by stroke, stroke sufferers need help from family, friends and health workers.Method: The type of research used is a non-experimental study with cross sectional research methods. The research respondents were post-stroke patients at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang who met the inclusion criteria, totaling 62 respondents who were selected using a non-probability sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using a family support questionnaire. Data analysis to determine the relationship between demographic characteristics including age, gender, education, and marital status, as well as predictor variables of family support and post-stroke patient self-efficacy.Results: Research shows that the majority of respondents were >55 years old (59.7%), male (51.6%), had low education (54.8%), were married or had a partner (61.3%) , good family support (61.3%), and good self-efficacy (58.7%). The results of statistical tests using the Chi square test show that the p value is <0.05 (0.02). This shows that there is a relationship between family support and post-stroke patient self-efficacyConclusion: Family support is one of the factors related to post-stroke patient self-efficacy. Key words: Family support, self-efficacy, post-stroke.

Machine Fault Diagnosis through Vibration Analysis: Continuous Wavelet Transform with Complex Morlet Wavelet and Time–Frequency RGB Image Recognition via Convolutional Neural Network

In pursuit of advancing fault diagnosis in electromechanical systems, this research focusses on vibration analysis through innovative techniques. The study unfolds in a structured manner, beginning with an introduction that situates the research question in a broader context, emphasising the critical role of fault diagnosis. Subsequently, the methods section offers a concise summary of the primary techniques employed, highlighting the utilisation of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for extracting time–frequency components from the signal. The results section succinctly summarises the main findings of the article, showcasing the results of features extraction by CWT and subsequently utilising a convolutional neural network (CNN) for fault diagnosis. The proposed method, named CWTx6-CNN, was compared with the STFTx6-CNN method of the previous stage of the investigation. Visual insights into the time–frequency characteristics of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data are presented for various operational classes, offering a clear representation of fault-related features. Finally, the conclusion section underscores the advantages of the suggested method, particularly the concentration of single-frequency components for enhanced fault representation. The research demonstrates commendable classification performance, highlighting the efficiency of the suggested approach in real-time scenarios of fault analysis in less than 50 ms. Calculation by CWT with a complex Morlet wavelet of six time–frequency images and combining them into a single colour image took less than 35 ms. In this study, interpretability techniques have been employed to address the imperative need for transparency in intricate neural network models, particularly in the context of the case presented. Notably, techniques such as Grad-CAM (gradient-weighted class activation mapping), occlusion, and LIME (locally interpretable model-agnostic explanation) have proven instrumental in elucidating the inner workings of the model. Through a comparative analysis of the proposed CWTx6-CNN method and the reference STFTx6-CNN method, the application of interpretability techniques, including Grad-CAM, occlusion, and LIME, has played a pivotal role in revealing the distinctive spectral representations of these methodologies.

Relationships between wood properties and fire performance of glulam columns made from six wood species commonly used in China

Glued laminated timber stands as an increasingly favored engineered wood product in low-rise modern timber structures due to its commendable structural performance and carbon sequestration potential. Chinese standards presently fail to differentiate the effects of distinct wood species on the fire resistance of glulam. This study examined the charring rate and residual bearing capacity of glulam columns made from six commonly used wood species in China: poplar, Chinese fir, Douglas fir, hemlock, larch, and spruce. These materials exhibited densities ranging between 390 and 645 kg·m−³. ISO standard fire tests were conducted employing one- and two-adjacent-side fire exposures. Notably, the findings unveiled that high-density glulam columns demonstrated lower charring rates and slower rates of heat penetration. The two-adjacent-side fire configuration induced a corner effect, consequently amplifying the effective charring depth. The results showed a linear relationship between the ratio of diagonal to horizontal charring rate of the columns exposed to the two-adjacent-side fire and wood density. To enhance practical application, a formula was developed, employing the residual section method, to calculate the column's residual bearing capacity post two-adjacent-side fire exposure. This formula incorporates an adjustment depth to accommodate the corner effect, effectively mitigating the reduced wood strength within the pyrolysis zone.

Defining Intensivists: A Retrospective Analysis of the Published Studies in the United States, 2010-2020.

The Society of Critical Care Medicine last published an intensivist definition in 1992. Subsequently, there have been many publications relating to intensivists. Our purpose is to assess how contemporary studies define intensivist physicians. Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (2010-2020) for publication titles with the terms intensivist, and critical care or intensive care physician, specialist, or consultant. We included studies focusing on adult U.S. intensivists and excluded non-data-driven reports, non-U.S. publications, and pediatric or neonatal ICU reports. We aggregated the study title intensivist nomenclatures and parsed Introduction and Method sections to discern the text used to define intensivists. Fourteen parameters were found and grouped into five definitional categories: A) No definition, B) Background training and certification, C) Works in ICU, D) Staffing, and E) Database related. Each study was re-evaluated against these parameters and grouped into three definitional classes (single, multiple, or no definition). The prevalence of each parameter is compared between groups using Fisher exact test. U.S. adult ICUs and databases. None. Of 657 studies, 105 (16%) met inclusion criteria. Within the study titles, 17 phrases were used to describe an intensivist; these were categorized as intensivist in 61 titles (58%), specialty intensivist in 30 titles (29%), and ICU/critical care physician in 14 titles (13%). Thirty-one studies (30%) used a single parameter (B-E) as their definition, 63 studies (60%) used more than one parameter (B-E) as their definition, and 11 studies (10%) had no definition (A). The most common parameter "Works in ICU" (C) in 52 studies (50%) was more likely to be used in conjunction with other parameters rather than as a standalone parameter (multiple parameters vs single-parameter studies; 73% vs 17%; p < 0.0001). There was no consistency of intensivist nomenclature or definitions in contemporary adult intensivist studies in the United States.

ANALISA PERSEPSI TERHADAP SELF CARE SKILLS PADA PASIEN DM TIPE II PADA MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN

Assessment of the impacts of urban change at the neighborhood level provides a unique opportunity to generate insights into the extent and nature of positive and negative impacts on health-related outcomes. Several specific components and mechanisms that cause urban change can influence behavior, perception and self-care, thereby impacting health. The high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, one of which is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus occurs when the body stops producing sufficient amounts of insulin, or when the body does not use insulin properly (something known as insulin resistance). in 2021 in the Jember urban area it will reach 1,700, one of which is due to lifestyle factors in the urban environment. One strategy for dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus is to optimize the prevention of type 2 diabetes and associated comorbidities with a therapeutic approach, one of which is optimizing self-care which can reduce complications, reduce cardiovascular and kidney risks, and improve health outcomes. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between disease perception and the self-care skills of type II diabetes mellitus patients. This research used a cross sectional method with a total of 100 respondents, data collection used a disease perception questionnaire and a quality of life questionnaire which were given to respondents directly. The results of the chi square test research obtained a value of p = 0.030 or &lt; (0.05), so Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between disease perception and the quality of life of type II diabetes mellitus patients. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there is a relationship between perception of illness and self-care skills. The increase in good self-care skills is due to good perception.. Keywords: Perception, Self Care Skills, Urban Society, Diabetes Mellitus

Soot formation in combustion of spherically symmetric isolated fuel droplets with different initial diameters

Spherically-symmetric, isolated droplets are ideal systems to investigate the physics and the chemistry of combustion of liquid fuels. Despite their simplicity, most phenomena involved in spray combustion are still accounted for: evaporation and diffusion-induced transport, complex liquid thermodynamics, radiation, aerosol chemistry. In this work we analyzed the formation and evolution of soot particles and aggregates from the combustion of n-heptane isolated droplets. A 1D mathematical model including detailed description of thermodynamics and transport properties of liquid and gaseous phases, radiative heat transfer, and detailed homogeneous chemistry is adopted. Soot formation and evolution is described via a discrete sectional method, accounting for nucleation, surface growth, coagulation, aggregation, and oxidation.The mathematical model was utilized in this study to investigate how the initial diameter of droplets affects their tendency to form soot. The simulations were specifically designed to examine the experimental findings of Choi et al. (2001), which indicated that droplets with intermediate diameters (∼ 1.9 mm) result in the highest soot volume fraction. The numerical results reveal that this maximum is due to a competition between two phenomena: (i) increasing droplet diameter leads to a longer lifetime, thereby promoting soot formation, but (ii) larger diameters cause more radiative losses, lower flame temperatures, and subsequently, a decrease in soot formation.

Gambaran Kadar Debu Total Dan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Unit Pengantongan Semen PT. Semen Tonasa Gudang Arang Kota Ambon

Dust is solid particles caused by natural or mechanical forces such as processing, crushing, softening, rapid packing, blasting, etc. from organic or inorganic materials.Many solid particles are produced by various industries, one of which is the cement industry which has an impact on air pollution by dust. The aim of this research is to determine the description of total dust levels and lung function disorders in workers in the cement Packagingunit at PT.CementTonasa Gudang Arang, Ambon City. This type of research is analytical observation,using a cross sectional study design method that is each object is only observed once and measurements are carried out simultaneously. The research results were obtained from measuring dust levels at three points, namely the packing room.21.7, loading space 20.5 and loading and unloading space 17.4, which is already exceeding the threshold value. And the results of lung function examinations on workers showed that 10 workers had disorders in the mild restrictive category, 6 workers had mild obstructive disorders, and 2 combined and 14 workers had no disorders in the normal category. The results of this study showed that dust levels had exceededthreshold value, it is known that the highest dust content is in the packing room at 21.7 mg/Nm3 and the lowest is in the loading and unloading room at 17.4 mg/Nm3. The lung function capacity of the workforce shows that 10 workers have lung function disorders in the restrictive category, 6 workers have obstructive, 2 combined and 14 workers have no disorders (normal).

Flexural behavior of high-strength RCFST column-to-column connections

This paper investigates the flexural behavior of high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (RCFST) column-to-column connections with different configurations. Based on the tests, 35 additional finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed to perform the parametric analysis varying with the cross-sectional size effect of (D), the width-to-thickness ratio of steel tube (D/t), steel tube strength (fs,y), steel bars strength (fr,y), concrete strength (fc,r), length of steel bars (L), arrangement and quantity of steel bars, respectively. The current code underestimated the yield and plastic bending moment compared with the calculated results from GB 50010–2010, ACI 318–19, EN 1992–1-1:2004, and JSCE-SSCS-2007. Finally, the strain coordination method and the full plastic section method were proposed to calculate the yield and plastic bending moment of the connection.

Graph model for conflict resolution based on the combination of probabilistic uncertain linguistic and EDAS method

The ranking of decision makers (DMs)’ preferences for feasible states in the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) is crucial for accurately determining stability results. This paper addresses the issue of subjective ranking methods lacking theoretical foundation and causing ambiguity when the number of feasible states is high by proposing the implementation of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method in the GMCR. The paper utilizes the average level to choose evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method for determining the DM’s preference ranking, which can effectively reduce the impact of anomalous evaluations. Further, the PUL-EDAS method based on probabilistic uncertainty linguistics (PUL) is developed, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional EDAS method, which only applies to the simple evaluation of information. The PUL aligns with DMs’ daily evaluation practice by providing an interval for the quality of qualitative linguistic evaluations. Furthermore, it utilizes an objective aggregation method to calculate comprehensive evaluation information from all DMs. In addition, the four fundamental stability definitions, applicable solely under crisp preferences, are extended to the PUL context, providing related extended definitions. Finally, to ensure the scientific validity and practicality of the proposed theory, this paper selects digital rural governance as the research context for conflict calculus analysis, comparing it with other MADM methods in the preference ranking section.

Peran Mediasi Komitmen Organisasional, Kepuasan Kerja: Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

Every organization will always be required to be able to create a conducive organizational climate to achieve the expected quality of performance. To achieve this, good human resource management is required and of course also always paying attention to factors that can be influential in achieving maximum employee performance, in accordance with the goals set by the organization. The variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment are often tested as mediating factors in the influence of organizational climate on employee performance. The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the mediating role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the influence of organizational climate on employee performance. This research used a cross sectional method with 78 respondents from PT employees. Hariqu Mulya Sejahtera is located in the city of Ponorogo, East Java. Once collected, the data is processed and analyzed with the help of Smartpls 4.0 software. The research results show that (1) organizational commitment does not mediate the influence of organizational climate on employee performance (2) Job satisfaction mediates the influence of organizational climate on employee performance

Linguistic Characteristics of Research Article Titles in National and International ELT Journals

Researchers have extensively studied the linguistic characteristics of research article (RA) titles. However, no research has investigated RA titles viewed from research design types published in national and international English Language Teaching (ELT) journals. Thus, the present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the average word length, syntactic structure, and syntactic structure type based on research design. This study used a comparative mixed method design to analyze 120 RA titles published in 2022-2023. The average length of titles was analyzed by counting the parts of speech of the tiles, the syntactic structures of titles were analyzed using the Framework of Cheng et al. (2012), and syntactic structure types based on research design were analyzed by reading the method section of the articles. Results indicate that the average length of the RA titles was 12 words in national journals and 13 words in international journals. Nominal structure was the most used RA title type in national journals, while compound structure was the most used in international journals. Furthermore, the nominal structure was often used for experimental design in international journals, while it was often used for descriptive study design in national journals. The compound and Verb-ing phrase structures were often used for case study design in both international and national journals. In conclusion, there are important differences and similarities in RA title characteristics between the two groups of ELT journal rankings. The findings contribute to the scholarship on the contrastive aspect of titling practices in English for Publishing Purposes.

Residual stresses in steel I-sections strengthened by wire arc additive manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a method of metal 3D printing that can be used to complement traditional steel manufacturing techniques (e.g. hot-rolling and cold-forming), to produce hybrid structural elements of enhanced efficiency. The case of hot-rolled steel I-sections strengthened by the addition of WAAM stiffeners at the flange tips is the focus of the present study. In addition to the improved local buckling resistance and increased flexural rigidity achieved by the addition of the stiffeners, a further source of enhanced load-bearing capacity arises from the inversion, through thermal action, of the adverse residual stress pattern typically associated with hot-rolled I-sections. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, the aim of the present investigation is not to eliminate but to take benefit from residual stresses, by prestressing (pretensioning) specific parts (i.e. the flange tips) of steel sections against subsequent applied compressive loading, thereby delaying yielding and enhancing the load-bearing capacity. The described hypothesis is demonstrated in the present study through the manufacture of a series of hybrid WAAM-strengthened hot-rolled I-sections and the subsequent performance of residual stress measurements. Stiffeners of different dimensions were printed using ER70S-6 welding wire. A detailed description of the adopted experimental technique, which utilised the sectioning method, is provided, while the magnitude and distribution of the measured residual stresses are reported. The addition of WAAM stiffeners at the flange tips of hot-rolled I-sections is shown to lead to the generation of desirable (for structural stability) tensile residual stresses in their vicinity, with peak values reaching the yield strength of the material; self-equilibrating compressive residual stresses are induced in the web and around the web-to-flange junction.

Views of The Scholar-Polymath Beruni on The Secrets of The Universe

Objectives: This section outlines the specific goals and aims of the article, focusing on the exploration of Beruni's profound insights and philosophical perspectives regarding the secrets of the universe. It highlights the scholar-polymath's contributions to various fields, emphasizing the overarching objective of delving into his unique perspectives on the nature of the cosmos, its origins, and its underlying principles.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: Here, the article discusses the approach taken to achieve the stated objectives. It details the methods employed to analyze Beruni's extensive research and writings, providing a framework for examining his contributions to astronomy, physics, mathematics, and philosophy. The methods section establishes the groundwork for the subsequent exploration of Beruni's thoughts on celestial bodies, planetary motion, and the interconnectedness of the universe.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: This section presents the findings and insights derived from the analysis of Beruni's works. It discusses the scholar's exploration of celestial bodies, planetary motion, and the interplay between celestial phenomena and earthly events. Additionally, it elucidates Beruni's perspectives on the interconnectedness of the universe, the concept of time, and the existence of parallel worlds. The results section aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key ideas and discoveries uncovered through the examination of Beruni's intellectual pursuits.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The conclusion synthesizes the key findings and discusses their significance in the context of contemporary scientific and philosophical discourse. It reflects on the enduring relevance of Beruni's ideas and the impact of his contributions to our understanding of the secrets of the universe. This section serves as a culmination of the article, summarizing the insights gained from exploring Beruni's profound perspectives and acknowledging their broader implications.

COverlap: a Fiji toolset for the 3D co-localization of two fluorescent nuclear markers in confocal images

With the increasing complexity and throughput of microscopy experiments, it has become essential for biologists to navigate computational means of analysis to produce automated and reproducible workflows. Bioimage analysis workflows being largely underreported in method sections of articles, it is however quite difficult to find practical examples of documented scripts to support beginner programmers in biology. Here, we introduce COverlap, a Fiji toolset composed of four macros, for the 3D segmentation and co-localization of fluorescent nuclear markers in confocal images. The toolset accepts batches of multichannel z-stack images, segments objects in two channels of interest, and outputs object counts and labels, as well as co-localization results based on the physical overlap of objects. The first macro is a preparatory step that produces maximum intensity projections of images for visualization purposes. The second macro assists users in selecting batch-suitable segmentation parameters by testing them on small portions of the images. The third macro performs automated segmentation and co-localization analysis, and saves the parameters used, the results table, the 3D regions of interest (ROIs) of co-localizing objects, and two types of verification images with segmentation and co-localization masks for each image of the batch. The fourth macro allows users to review the verification images displaying segmentation masks and the location of co-localization events, and to perform corrections such as ROI adjustment, z-stack reslicing, and volume estimation correction in an automatically documented manner. To illustrate how COverlap operates, we present an experiment in which we identified rare endothelial proliferation events in adult rat brain slices on more than 350 large tiled z-stacks. We conclude by discussing the reproducibility and generalizability of the toolset, its limitations for different datasets, and its potential use as a template that is adaptable to other types of analyses.

TO DEVELOP SKILLS OF SPEAKING IN B1 LEVEL STUDENTS

This article aims to explore effective methods for developing speaking skills in B1 level students, focusing on the importance of communicative competence. Through a literature analysis, various strategies will be examined to identify key elements that contribute to successful language acquisition at this level. The methods section will outline practical approaches for educators, incorporating interactive activities and motivation techniques. The results section will present the outcomes of applying these methods, followed by a discussion that delves into the implications of the findings. Finally, the article will conclude with suggestions for further research and practical recommendations for teachers.