Nitridation Method Research Articles

Fabrication of core-shell Fe4N@C with sea-island structure by one-step nitriding method as efficient electromagnetic wave composite absorber

Porous structure design and magnetic-dielectric composite are effective ways to develop electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with light-weight, thin-thickness, large effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), and strong reflection loss (RL). This article presents a simple one-step nitridation method for synthesizing Fe4N@C compounds with sea-island like and core-shell structures. The optimal RL value of Fe4N@C is up to -60.01dB, and the EAB (frequency range for RL< -10 dB) is 5GHz (11.1-16.1GHz) with a thickness of 1.9mm. The EAB reaches 5.5GHz (12.5-18GHz) when the matching thickness is 1.7mm. The multi-component design achieved excellent impedance matching properties. The carbon frame connects the core-shell particles to form a three-dimensional porous structure, providing multiple reflection losses. Therefore, this work provides a convenient way to design efficient and lightweight EMW absorbers with special structures.

Bimetallic Ni‐Co Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes For Prox Reaction

AbstractHydrogen is a key component for a successful energy transition on a large scale since it boasts remarkable energy efficiency. Currently, H2 is mainly obtained through steam reforming of natural gas or hydrocarbons and low‐carbon alcohols but contains approximately 2 % CO, a contaminant detrimental to H2 fuel cells. Herein, an N‐doped carbon nanotube was prepared via the soft nitriding method to support nickel and cobalt for the PROX‐CO as the main reaction for hydrogen purification. The most efficient condition was achieved when the reaction temperature reached 250 °C and the Ni and Co loading rate was 7.5 %. In this situation, the CO2 selectivity reached almost 33 %, and CO conversion was 61 %. Regarding CO conversion among bimetallic catalysts at 250 °C a minimal variation occurred and the catalyst 10Ni/N‐CNTs slightly outperformed (64.4 %). The effect of N‐doping on the carbon nanotube's structure was also revealed. Nitrogen atoms incorporated into the lattice of carbon nanotubes impart an electron‐donor character. Consequently, Co oxide reduction to the metallic phase occurred at significantly lower temperatures compared to other supports such as SiO2, Al2O3, and graphene. For the bimetallic catalysts, the strong metal‐support interaction facilitated obtaining different oxide and metallic phases at milder temperatures.

Electrochemical Sensor based on N-Doped Graphite/Aluminum Silicate Nanocomposite Modified Carbon Paste for Simultaneous Detection of Paracetamol and Pamabrom

We have developed an eco-friendly sensor through innovative modification of a carbon paste electrode with nanomaterials. This modification is based on employing a mixture of aluminum silicate and nitrogen-doped graphite nanocomposite (Al2SiO5/NG/CPE), introducing the first electrochemical approach for the voltammetric determination of a combination of paracetamol (PCM) and pamabrom (PAM), which is recognized as an over-the-counter remedy for menstrual cramp relief. N-doped graphite was prepared from graphite and urea using a metal-free soft nitriding method. The morphological characterization of the Al2SiO5/NG nanocomposite was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental conditions were optimized using square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry techniques to explore the impact of scan rate, pH, and concentration. The results exhibited good linearity across a wide concentration range of 0.2 nM–100.0 μM for both drugs. The limits of detection for PCM and PAM were 25 and 24 pM, respectively, while the limits of quantification were 88.3 and 80.0 pM, showing the proposed sensor’s exceptional sensitivity. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was employed to determine the PCM/PAM mixture in bulk powder, pharmaceutical dosage forms, biological fluids, and in the presence of toxic paracetamol metabolites.

Surface Modification of Chromium–Nickel Steel by Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding Method

Electrolytic plasma nitriding is an attractive chemical heat treatment used to improve the surface properties of steel by implementing nitrogen saturation. This method is widely applied to steel and iron-based alloys operating under various operating conditions. In this work, using liquid-phase plasma nitriding technology, a nitrided layer was obtained on the surface of 40CrNi steel in electrolytes of different concentrations. The microstructure and phase composition of the nitrided layer were investigated and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and we performed Vickers hardness and wear resistance tests using the ball-on-disc method. The microhardness and wear resistance of nitrided 40CrNi steel were significantly improved due to the lubricating properties of the ε-Fe2N phase formed on its surface.

Low-temperature synthesis of dense Si-based nitride ceramics for solar thermal storage: Role of cordierite as sintering additive

Direct nitridation method was used to prepare dense Si-based ceramics for solar thermal storage, and the effect of cordierite as sintering additive on the sintering behaviors of the ceramics was studied. The influence priority between densification and nitride content on the properties of thermal storage ceramics was discussed. Cordierite exhibited a good capability of promoting densification, and the densification temperature could reach 1500 °C. The liquid formed by cordierite helped to construct an interlocking structure of well-grown Si2N2O flakes. Results of hot stage microscopy and DTA indicated that the endothermic silicothermic reaction between Si and cordierite proceeded at 1440–1460 °C, and released SiO gas. The SiO gas inhibited the densification, but resulted in the low-temperature synthesis of nano-sized Si3N4 whiskers. Samples added with more cordierite showed the cost-effective merits as the smaller costs of raw materials, lower densification temperature, higher thermal conductivity (1.72 W m−1 K−1 deviation), and higher bending strength (34.3–68.1 MPa deviations), compared with the samples having the larger nitride content. Densification by adding cordierite as sintering additive showed the priority on the properties of thermal storage ceramics than increasing the nitride content.

Achieving in-situ Fe-based spherical particles for magnetic abrasive finishing process of Zirconium tube via gas nitriding method

The magnetic abrasive powders have great influence on the magnetic abrasive finishing accuracy and efficiency. A new kind of Fe-based spherical magnetic abrasive particles with Fe2N precipitates and Fe4N matrix was successfully synthesized by gas nitriding. The results show that the prepared Fe-based magnetic abrasive particles can reduce the roughness of the Zirconium tube from 0.325 to 0.154 μm by four MAF passes. The high hardness and wear resistance of the Fe-based magnetic abrasive particles are assessed based on the Vickers hardness and nanoindentation results. This study can provide theoretical and experimental support for fabricating high-performance magnetic abrasive particles.

Preparation of Si3N4 ceramic aerogel by foam-gelcasting combined concerted catalysis nitridation method

High-performance Si3N4 ceramic aerogel (CA) prepared by employing commercial Si powders containing impurity Fe as raw materials and Fe powders as catalyst through a simply Fe-concerted catalyzed nitridation technology, CS Si3N4 CAs, were synthesized at 1473 K for 5 h, and thoroughly characterized. It exhibited a porosity of 87.7 %, a compressive strength of 3.3 MPa and a specific strength of 8.7 MPa cm3 g−1, along with its outstanding low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.108 W m−1 K−1 at 373 K). Compared with the Si3N4 CA catalysis nitridation of concerted reactions by Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and in-situ catalytic nitridation by impurity Fe in commercial Si, and the specific strength of CS Si3N4 CA was about 14 % and 22 % higher than that of the former, respectively. This demonstrated that it may be more conducive to the preparation of Si3N4 CAs with high performance via catalysis nitridation of concerted reactions by Fe than Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. This work also provides an ideal method for the cost-effectiveness synthesis of high-performance Si3N4 and/or Si3N4 composites.

Facile synthesis of rare earth ions doped LiSr4(BN2)3 phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Rare earth ions doped nitride is a kind of excellent phosphor for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the critical synthesis condition limits the application of nitrides in WLEDs. In this work, we develop a modified carbothermal reduction and nitridation method to synthesize rare earth ions doped LiSr4(BN2)3 phosphors. The crystal structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the obtained phosphors were systematically investigated. Intense blue emitting is achieved in Ce3+ doped LSBN with internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 85.7 % and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 45.5 %. The emitting color can be tuned from blue to green by co-doping with different amounts of Tb3+ ions. Near unit IQE is achieved in LSBN:Ce 0.5 mol%, Tb 5 mol%. The obtained phosphors exhibit excellent thermal and color stability at temperature range of 300–523 K. A WLED is fabricated by coating LSBN:Ce 0.5 mol%, Tb 5 mol% and commercial CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ on a 370-nm chip. The rare earth ions doped LSBN phosphors with high QE and excellent thermal stability in this work are promising candidates for WLEDs

Visible-light harvesting SrTiO3 solid solutions for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water.

The fabrication of solid solutions represents a compelling approach to modulating the physicochemical properties of materials. In this study, we achieved the successful synthesis of solid solutions comprising SrTiO3 and SrTaO2N (denoted as (SrTiO3)1-x-(SrTaO2N)x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) using the magnesium powder-assisted nitridation method. The absorption edge of (SrTiO3)1-x-(SrTaO2N)x is tunable from 500 to 600 nm. The conduction band minimum (CBM) of (SrTiO3)1-x-(SrTaO2N)x comprises the Ti 3d orbitals and the Ta 5d orbitals, while the valence band maximum (VBM) consists of the O 2p and N 2p orbitals. The microstructure of the (SrTiO3)1-x‑(SrTaO2N)x consists of small nanoparticles, exhibiting a larger specific surface area than the parent compounds of SrTiO3 and SrTaO2N. In the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with sacrificial reagents, the activity of solid solutions is notably superior to that of nitrogen-doped SrTiO3 and SrTaO2N. This superiority is mainly attributed to its broad light absorption range and high charge separation efficiency, which indicates its potential as a promising photocatalytic material. Moreover, the magnesium powder-assisted nitridation method exhibits obvious advantages for the synthesis of oxynitrides and bears instructional significance for the synthesis of other nitrogen-containing compounds and even sulfur-containing compounds.

Si3N4 preparation from photovoltaic kerf loss silicon waste by copper collaborative nitriding method

In this work, Si3N4 powders were prepared by collaborative direct nitriding method from photovoltaic kerf loss silicon waste. The catalytic effect of copper (Cu) on the direct nitriding reaction of photovoltaic Si waste and the morphologies of the nitriding products were investigated. The quantitative analysis of XRD results and thermogravimetric results demonstrate that Cu significantly reduces the initial nitriding temperature, and Cu has a positive effect on the nitriding of silicon waste. At 1300 °C, the sample without Cu had almost no nitriding reaction, while the total conversion rate of kerf loss waste Si was 100 %, and the yield of (α+β) Si3N4 was up to 79.2 % with 8 wt% Cu additive. The thermodynamic analysis of the Si-O-N-Cu and nitriding process was carried out by FactSage software. Moreover, the morphologies of the nitride products were observed by SEM. The addition of copper promoted the generation of Si3N4 nanorods, and the number and diameter of α-Si3N4 nanorods increased with the increase in copper content. Three reaction mechanisms of Si nitridation were discussed. This work provides a feasible method to reuse and recycle the kerf lost silicon waste.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE NITRIDED LAYERWITH SULFIDES

This study contains a short overview of sulfur nitriding methods, i.e. a modified version of nitriding. Thisinformation is accompanied by the results of our own tests of nitrided and sulfur-nitrided coatings with theaddition of MoS2 in the scope of structure assessment by means of a scanning microscope – SEM/EDS andthe results of tribological tests performed under dry friction conditions on the T-05 apparatus for four variantsof thermo-chemical treatment. In tribological tests, the degree of wear was observed by measuring the weightloss of both samples and counter-samples, and the beneficial effect of sulfides on reducing wear was indicated,with the sulfur nitriding variant with MoS2 added being the most advantageous. In this case, the lowest degreeof wear was found for the friction pair with a sulfur-nitrogen coating reinforced with MoS2, which may leadto extending the operating time.

Preparation of transparent AlON ceramics with controlled shapes by a novel spontaneous coagulation casting and pressureless sintering method

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) exhibits excellent mechanical properties and good optical transparency in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range and can be used in military and civilian fields. However, the troublesome molding of AlON, especially for complex shapes, limits its promotion and application. Therefore, transparent AlON ceramics with complex morphologies were prepared for the first time by a novel spontaneous coagulation casting (SCC) and pressureless sintering method. In this study, we report a simple carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) method for synthesizing high-purity AlON powder, which is especially suitable for wet casting without anti-hydration treatment. The dispersion and gelation behavior of AlON slurries by isobutene maleic anhydride copolymer (Isobam104) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) were extensively investigated. With the addition of 0.9 wt% Isobam104 and 15 mL/L TMAH, the AlON slurries can achieve a solids loading of up to 45 vol% with the lowest viscosity (460.4 mPa·s-10 r/min) and the AlON green body is free of cracks and deformation during drying and demolding processes. Finally, the AlON green bodies with square and polygonal irregular morphologies were fabricated via a simple SCC method. High transparent AlON ceramics of a maximum transmittance up to 77.3% at 2000 nm and 72.2% at 632 nm were obtained by pressureless sintered at 2000 °C for 6 h. The SCC method has great potential in preparing ceramics with controllable shapes.

Metal organic framework derived vanadium nitride anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon sheet as an efficient electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction

A metal organic framework-assisted annealing and nitriding method is employed to prepare a heterostructured nanocomposite incorporating VN nanoparticles with nitrogen-doped carbonaceous sheets as an earth-abundant catalyst of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). In this as-synthesized nanocomposite (VN@NC), nanosized VN particles with diameter of ∼50 nm are in situ fabricated and are anchored on the metal organic frameworks-derived nitrogen-doped carbon sheets. Benefitting from its structural merits such as increased surface areas, abundant active sites, improved electroconductivity as well as the synergism between the components, the composite electrocatalyst exhibits a greatly enhanced catalytic activity for ENRR in comparison with the commercial bulk VN. The as-prepared VN@NC can catalyze nitrogen to yield ammonia with a rate up to 17.31 μg mg−1cat h−1 at a low potential (-0.2 V vs RHE) in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution under mild conditions, delivering a Faradaic efficiency of 10.99 % simultaneously. Furthermore, VN@NC also demonstrates a favourable selectivity without generation of hydrazine byproduct and a stable electrocatalytic performance.

INCREASE OF THE CORROSION-MECHANICAL WEAR RESISTANCE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS BY NITRIDATION IN THE GLOW DISCHARGE: A REVIEW OF MODERN RESEARCH

In this work, a review of modern research in the field of increasing the corrosion-mechanical wear resistance of titanium alloys using glow discharge nitriding is carried out. Titanium alloys, due to their unique properties, namely high strength, lightness, exceptional corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility, are widely used in aviation, medicine, engineering and many other industries. However, operational conditions in some applications require even greater improvement of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of these alloys, which makes the search for effective methods of their improvement an urgent scientific and engineering task. Among the promising technologies that can be used to improve the corrosion-mechanical properties of titanium alloys, low-temperature anhydrous nitriding in a glow discharge should be considered. The use of low-temperature anhydrous nitriding in a glow discharge eliminates the growth of the base grain and hydrogen embrittlement of the surface. Also, low-temperature nitriding in a glow discharge makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of the surface of titanium alloys, while the saturation of the surface with nitrogen is controlled, which allows predicting the results of processing, does not lead to a change in the shape of parts. The analysis of scientific research shows that increasing the corrosion-mechanical wear resistance of titanium alloys by means of nitriding in a glow discharge is a promising direction that opens up new opportunities for industry and science. Progress in this field depends on further research, innovative development and the integration of the latest technologies, which together will contribute to the creation of more durable, efficient and environmentally friendly materials for a wide range of applications. In general, increasing the corrosion-mechanical resistance of titanium alloys by the method of nitriding in a glow discharge is a promising direction of research in Ukraine, which can lead to the improvement of the properties of titanium alloys and the expansion of their use in various industries.

Investigation on the synthesis mechanism and size control of (Ti,W,Mo,Cr)(C,N) solid solution powder

Complex interfaces in cermets limit its application as cutting or heat-work die materials. Interface modification of hard particles by composition optimization is proved to be an effective strategy for high-performance Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Herein, we prepared (Ti,W,Mo,Cr)(C,N) solid solution powder through carbothermal reduction nitridation method. The phase and microstructure were characterized to discover the synthesis mechanism. Oxides of Mo, W, Ti, and Cr participated in the reaction successively, MoO2 transformed to M2X (X is C and/or N, M is W, Mo and/or Cr) directly, both W2C and W formed simultaneously as the reduction products of WO3, TiO2 followed TiO2 → TinO2n-1 → (Ti, M)(C,N) (M is W, Mo and/or Cr), and Cr diffused into (Ti, M)(C,N) and M2X phases directly from its oxide. Finally, the solid solution powder with composition (Ti0.83W0.07Mo0.09Cr0.01)(C0.62N0.38) in the particle size of 0.73 μm with ∼0.14 wt% oxygen and ∼ 0.43 wt% free carbon was obtained at 1750 °C for 2 h. Our findings provide insight into developing advanced cermets with better comprehensive properties.

Nitriding layer depth detection based on mixing frequency nonlinear ultrasonic parameters

Nitriding treatment can improve the surface properties of workpieces, thus increasing the service life of the workpiece. The depth of nitriding layer is not only one of the important indexes for evaluating the nitriding effect, but also an important factor affecting the end-use performance of the workpiece. While the existing hardness and metallographic methods cannot meet the needs for non-destructive testing of nitriding layer depth in shaft parts. Therefore, a method using non-linear ultrasonic testing technology is proposed for non-destructive evaluation of nitriding layer depth. In this study, 1045 steel shaft specimens with different nitriding layer depths were prepared by a liquid salt bath nitriding method. The total depth of the nitriding layer was measured using a microhardness tester, and metallographic microscopy was applied to observe microstructure changes before and after nitriding treatment. With the proposed non-destructive method, the longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave mixing detection model was established and the ultrasonic nonlinear coefficients were used for characterizing the nitrided layer depths. Experimental results show that the LCR wave sum frequency (LCRWSF) detection model better characterizes the nitriding layer depth of 1045 steel and has higher sensitivity. As a result, the LCRWSF model is more suitable to efficiently estimate the nitrided layer depth.

Synthesis of high‐quality vanadium nitride particles by one‐step vacuum carbothermal reduction–nitridation method: Theoretical and experimental study

AbstractOwing to its high hardness, favorable stability, and good electrical performance, vanadium nitride (VN) has been extensively used as an alloy additive, an electrode material, a ceramic material, and a catalyst. However, traditional VN synthesis methods require high temperatures and long soaking times. In this study, high‐quality VN particles were prepared from V2O3 powder at a lower temperature and shorter soaking time by a one‐step vacuum carbothermal reduction–nitridation (VCRN) method. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses elucidated the mechanism of this process. Thermodynamic analysis showed that vacuum was conducive to the carbothermal reduction of V2O3, reducing the initial reaction temperature, and the main reaction path was V2O3→VO→VxCy(VC/ V2C/ V8C7/ V6C5)→VN. Kinetic results indicated that the one‐step VCRN method was a gas–solid reaction. Within the temperature range of 1373–1473 K, the rate‐determining step was controlled by the carbothermal reduction–nitridation reaction, combination control of the reduction–nitridation reaction and the interlayer diffusion, and interlayer diffusion control of N2 during the different reaction processes. High‐quality VN particles obtained at a temperature of 1473 K, pressure of 300 Pa, and soaking time of 3 h were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and particle size distributions. The O and N contents, measured by an O/N analyzer, were 0.85% and 19%, respectively, and the C content, measured by a C/S analyzer, was 0.92%. These analyses indicate that high‐quality VN can be obtained by a one‐step VCRN method.

A One-Step Novel Method to Fabricate Multigrade Ti6Al4V/TiN Composites Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Ti6Al4V is the most used alloy for implants because of its excellent biocompatibility; however, its low wear resistance limits its use in the biomedical industry. The additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti6Al4V is a well-established technique that is being used in many fields. However, the AM of Ti6Al4V composites is currently under investigation, and its manufacture using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) would result in a great benefit for many industries. The one-step novel concept proposed uses a gas-controlled L-PBF system that enables the AM of layers with different compositions. Six millimeter-edged cubes of Ti6Al4V were manufactured in an Ar atmosphere and coated with in situ Ti6Al4V/TiN layers by using an Ar–N2 mixture given the direct reaction between titanium and nitrogen. Unreinforced Ti6Al4V presented a martensitic microstructure, and TiN reinforcement dendrites and a minor Ti2N phase were gradually introduced into an α + β basketweave titanium matrix. The composites’ microhardness, nanohardness, and elastic modulus were 2, 3, and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than those of the Ti6Al4V. Porosity levels (caused by a lack of fusion, trapping gases, and interdendritic porosity), ranged from 7 to 12% (most measured 20–40 µm) and increased with the reinforcement content (15 to 25%). A scaled-up, proof-of-concept design of a hip implant stem was 3D printed using this nitriding method. Since the neck of the stem (top part) is more susceptible to the fracture and fretting corrosion process, the resulting graded material part consisted of unreinforced Ti6Al4V at the bottom and Ti6Al4V/TiN at the top. This change was controlled by gradually adding nitrogen to the atmosphere; moreover, it was found that the more nitrogen in the chamber, the more TiN reinforcement formed in the part. A microhardness of ~450 HV0.1 was measured at the bottom and gradually increased to ~900 HV0.1, with the increment corresponding to the in situ TiN reinforcement amount.

Improving surface hardness of AISI 1045 steels using melamine derived from urea

ABSTRACT AISI 1045 steels are medium carbon steels used in applications that require greater strength and hardness such as gears, railway wheels and tracks, crankshafts, rolls, axles and other structural components. Although AISI 1045 steels are highly demanded engineering materials, they suffer from deformation and wear resistance when these applications are used. The hardness and wear resistance of the material are improved using a surface hardening method. Pack nitriding is the cheapest and easiest method of surface hardening method implemented in this work. The surface hardness of AISI 1045 steel is improved by the diffusion of nitrogen from the nitrogen-bearing material (melamine) to the surface of the steel and forms a metal nitride compound, which has strong hardness and wear resistance. This work reports that substantial surface hardening of AISI 1045 steel was achieved by the pack nitriding method using melamine obtained by in situ reaction of urea. The surface hardness increases manifold with the amount of melamine used, soaking time and temperature. The microscopic investigations of the nitrided surfaces of the metal show the formation of two distinct layers. The microstructural properties and hardness of the samples before and after nitriding were thoroughly investigated and interpreted.

Determining features in the wear resistance characteristics of tribocompounds with a textured hole surface under conditions of boundary friction

The influence of surface texture in the form of pits on the wear resistance of tribocompounds under conditions of limit friction was investigated. At the first stage of research, the mechanism of lubricant behavior between the contacting surfaces and inside the holes was modeled. The limiting condition of the rotation frequency of the sample (n&gt;27) was established, under which a drop of lubricant "leaves" the hole in the upper position of the sample and remains in the space between the sample and the surface of the counterbody, ensuring the regeneration of the boundary lubricating film on the surface of the tribocontact when it is destroyed. When the rotation frequency of the sample is reduced (n&lt;27), the lubricant droplet remains in the hole and does not affect the processes of the boundary lubricant film. At the second stage, experimental studies of tribocombinations with a textured hole surface under conditions of extreme friction were carried out. It was established that the high wear resistance of the textured hole surfaces is provided by the high protective effect of the texture, as well as the high efficiency of the marginal lubricating film. It has been proven that the strengthening of the surface texture by the method of ion-plasma thermocyclic nitriding additionally increases the wear resistance by 1.7 times due to the high protective effect of surface nitrided layers and their high hardness (up to 9500 MPa). This strengthens the effect of inhibiting the occurrence of defects in the surface layers of tribocontact, ensures a high rate of wetting of the places of actual contact of triboconnections, and speeds up the process of regeneration of the boundary lubricating film. Research results can be used to modify the surface layer of heavily loaded parts operating under extreme operating conditions with limited supply of lubricant under various types of friction and wear