Formal-logical Methods Research Articles

Constitutional Guarantees of Intellectual Property Protection in the Context of Digital Transformation: Ukrainian Experience

The purposes of this research are to determine the legal status of intellectual property in the context of digital transformation; to analyse the role of innovative digital technologies in the legal regulation of intellectual property issues; to provide a detailed description of the measures of constitutional protection of intellectual property in the context of digital transformation in Ukraine; to systematize knowledge about constitutional guarantees of intellectual property protection; to determine the role of specialised courts in ensuring intellectual property protection; to provide specific proposals for the development of the legal framework for intellectual property protection. An important aspect of the current study is an in-depth analysis of the challenges and threats of digital transformation to intellectual property. In order to achieve this purpose, the following methods were used: the general philosophical method, the method of system analysis, synthesis, the dialectical method and the formal logical method, the method of deduction and induction. These methods have been used to formulate scientifically significant and practical conclusions on proposals for improving intellectual property legislation in line with the challenges and threats of digital transformation, as well as to provide interim conclusions in accordance with the research purpose.

Role of Court in Formation Evidential Matter in Economic Disputes in Russia and England as an Actual Problem in International Private Law

Introduction. The article unravels the role of court in formation evidential matter in economic disputes in Russia and England. It studies the distinctive features of formation evidential matter in economic disputes in Russia and England, addresses the role of court in the court’s formation of information on facts and (or) digital footprints of facts through providing instructions for formation evidential matter based on the example of electronic documents, evidence of witnesses, and expert evidence in Russia and England.Materials and methods. In the course of writing the work, a set of general scientific, formal-logical methods (including methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematization) and special methods (formal-legal, historical, comparative-legal, structural-legal methods, etc.) were used.Research results. The author demonstrates that fact finding of objective truth in economic disputes can be carried out by the court when the following condition are fulfilled: evidentiary materials are formed in the course to the directions of the court. In economic disputes in Russia and England, the court formation evidential matter both for the case as a whole and to provide for expertise.Discussion and conclusion. A conclusion on the similar role of court in formation evidential matter in economic disputes in Russia and England is made. The article formulates suggestions on the improvement of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation.

The legal nature of crypto assets and its reflection in the civil and tax legislation of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the legal nature of crypto assets in Russian legislation and the specifics of their taxation, focusing on the need to form a legal framework that promotes effective protection of the rights of participants in the turnover of crypto assets.The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method, the formal logical method, the formal legal method and the method of interpretation of law.The lack of a unified terminology base in the field of digital economy in Russian legislation creates additional difficulties in creating comfortable conditions for the development of the crypto asset market. Currently used various terms such as “virtual assets”, “digital assets”, “crypto assets”, “cryptocurrency” are not fixed in the current legislation. At the same time, the terms existing in Russian legislation do not allow for effective regulation in the field of taxation and civil turnover, since they intentionally exclude the most common crypto assets from their scope. Without clear and unambiguous legal regulation, it is difficult to ensure proper control and taxation of transactions with crypto assets, which can lead to significant tax losses and a decrease in budget revenues.Moreover, the concept of “digital currency” used in Russian legislation does not correspond to the generally accepted meaning in international practice and is mainly considered in an economic context, rather than in a legal one. Such a discrepancy in terminology creates additional difficulties for participants in the cryptocurrency market and creates obstacles to the formation of an effective legal framework for the regulation of the digital economy. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the current approaches to the development of the terminological apparatus of the regulation of crypto assets have flaws, since they allow for a mixture of concepts and do not imply the formation of a clear hierarchy. The definition of “the digital asset” is proposed for the purpose of filling existing terminological gaps in the current legislation.

The regulatory and protective nature of administrative and procedural legal relations

The article attempts to analyze administrative and procedural legal relations from the point of view of characterizing the ratio of their regulatory and protective nature.The methodological basis of the article is dialectical, formal-logical methods, formal-legal method and method of interpretation of law.The paper calls into question the possibility of using the protective legal relationship as a basis for distinguishing procedural and material legal relations. The author argues that not all activities and actions that have a protective nature and are carried out in the process of public administration are procedural in nature. The assumption that the emergence of a legal process is connected not only with a protective legal relationship arising from noncompliance with obligations or the occurrence of other situations entailing the use of coercive measures, but also in order to ensure respect for the rights of participants in the process from abuse of power by persons making both interim and final procedural decisions is made. Ensuring the rights of participants in the administrative process is carried out by establishing specific administrative procedural actions, deadlines, administrative procedural decisions, procedural grounds for their adoption, etc. The legal process, including the administrative process, must be considered from the point of view of establishing the truth in the case, but at the same time guarantees must be provided that prevent the abuse of power by on the part of the ruling entity and the right on the part of all participants in the process. At the same time, administrative procedural regulation is aimed not only at establishing legal facts, comprehensiveness, completeness and objectivity of the consideration of an administrative case, but also at protecting the rights of persons involved in the case and ensuring their duties. Hence, the protective nature of administrative and procedural legal relations does not follow from the main substantive legal relationship, but from the corresponding purpose of protecting and ensuring the legitimate procedural rights and obligations of participants in the administrative process.Administrative and procedural legal relations, realizing the regulatory function of law, are formed on the basis of regulatory norms that provide for administrative and procedural rights and obligations of relevant subjects in the consideration and resolution of administrative cases. In addition to the fact that administrative and procedural legal relations are regulatory, they also have a law enforcement character. The regulatory function of administrative and procedural law is expressed in the establishment of not only administrative and procedural actions that should (can) be committed by the subjects of administrative and procedural legal relations when initiating, establishing circumstances, considering an administrative case, but also in their specific sequence, timing of commission, as well as types of administrative and procedural decisions, etc. The protective function of administrative and procedural law is to protect the administrative and procedural rights and interests of all participants in legal relations.Based on the above, the author comes to the conclusion that administrative and procedural legal relations are of a regulatory and protective nature.

Russian Science and Technology Policy to Counter Sanctions: In Search of a Strategy

The article examines the scientific and technological policy of contemporary Russia in the conditions of international sanctions and analyzes both current general issues of the development of science and technology and problems in certain areas of scientific knowledge. We have studied special legal sanction acts of foreign academic organizations. The authors have developed and proposed mechanisms to counter sanctions in the scientific and technological sphere. The experience of applying measures for the development of science in the People’s Republic of China has been studied. The goal of the work is to conduct research on the state of modern science, taking into account the current Russian state policy under conditions of sanction pressure and proposing the authors’ unique classification of measures to support the development of Russian science. We used empirical methods of comparison, description and interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. We also applied special scientific methods: legal and dogmatic method and the method of interpretation of legal norms. The authors have summarized the problems of government measures to support science under the sanction conditions and proposed measures to preserve the scientific sovereignty of Russia.

Risks of using digital technologies in the activities of local government bodies

The subject. The article analyzes the existing practice of implementation and use of digital technologies at the municipal level. The choice of the research object is conditioned by the fact that currently most acts in the field of digitalization of public authority affect the federal or regional level, meanwhile, the digital transformation of local self-government has its own specificity, due to the peculiarities of this level of social management, which should be taken into account in the legal regulation.The purpose of the study: identify the risks that have a negative impact on the process of digital transformation of local governance, and propose measures to minimize or eliminate the identified risks by legal means.Methodology. The research utilized integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. The methodological basis of the study was formed by a set of methods of cognition, the main of which were: methods of formal and dialectical logic and analysis, comparative-legal and system-structural methods, as well as sociological methods of research.Conclusions. The following conclusions were made based on the results of the research:1.The main risks of introducing digital technologies in the activities of local government are: the risk of violating the security and confidentiality of personal data of citizens during their processing and storage in the digital systems of local government; the risk of cyberattacks, hacking or unauthorized access to information systems operated by municipal authorities; the risk of insufficient legal regulation of the introduction and use of digital technologies; the risk of using inappropriate or low-quality digital technology.2.The following measures are proposed as measures to minimize the identified risks: systematic mandatory informing of both local government officials and the public on the correct procedure and liability measures for the implementation and operation of digital technologies, transmission, storage and processing of personal data, etc., which will contribute to the formation of the necessary level of legal literacy; revision of the system of penalties for deliberate violations in the field of operation of digital technologies by local government officials; organize control over the acts adopted by local government bodies with the involvement of the population and the use of digital technologies to receive feedback from the population on the acts adopted by local government bodies; develop and consolidate the principles and procedures for the introduction and use of end-to-end digital technologies in the activities of state and municipal authorities; provide for the possibility of revising any decision made in case of a technical failure that occurred in the course of the decision-making process; provide for the use of digital technologies in the activities of state and municipal authorities; and provide for the use of digital technologies in the activities of local government bodies.

Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: Russian and foreign experience

The subject. Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: russian and foreign experienceThe purpose of the article is to reveal the features of providing social guarantees to gig workers, as well as protecting their rights through the institution of trade unions, to give the concept of “guarantees of gig workers”, “social guarantees of gig workers” The methodology includes systematic approach, comparative method, formal-logical method, formal-legal method, analysis, synthesis.The main results of the research. The situation of gig workers appears to be less protected in terms of their rights and the guarantees provided to them. In this regard, there is a need to determine what social guarantees should be provided to which categories of gig workers, as well as possible measures of social protection for such persons. There is a need to once again ensure the rights of workers employed in self-employment or platform employment. A definition of guarantees for gig workers is proposed: guarantees are the means, methods and conditions by which the implementation of the rights granted to gig workers in the field of employment and their social security is ensured. Social guarantees for gig workers can be defined as a set of social and legal obligations of the state to workers employed in the gig economy (self-employment, platform employment), aimed at creating the necessary conditions for them to perform their work and meet their social needs and professional interests.In cases where a gig worker is, in some respects, close in his legal status to an employee under an employment contract (full-time work, etc.), his pension and social insurance should give him the maximum opportunity for social guarantees in case of temporary disability and in connection with retirement.

Инвестиционная активность российских предприятий с 2015 по 2022 г. по данным Росстата РФ

In modern conditions, the activities of individual economic entities and the Russian economy as a whole are largely determined by the degree of resistance to various crisis phenomena. In response to the challenges of recent years, all market participants are reviewing their resource management policies, which also affects their investment activities. This work is devoted to assessing the dynamics of individual indicators of investment activity of Russian enterprises for the period from 2015 to 2022 according to Rosstat of the Russian Federation. The use of methods of formal logic and economic and statistical analysis allowed us to conclude that the investment activity of Russian enterprises as a whole remained unchanged during the analyzed period and the need for in-depth analysis in the context of regions, industries and types of economic activity.

Multimodality of the pedagogical phenomenon of personal developmental educational environment

Introduction. The work examines the personal development educational environment as a pedagogical phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the multimodality property of the pedagogical phenomenon of a personal development educational environment and to determine the features of environmental design. The property of multimodality of the personal development educational environment is substantiated based on the relationship of the environment with the dialectics of personal-environmental relationships in education. Materials and Methods. The research is based on philosophical, cultural, sociological and other materials that affirm the environmental paradigm as relevant for self-developing complex systems. The personal development environment is considered as a unique process of student interaction in education, contributing to the formation of the individual’s personal experience. Research methods include methods of formal logic (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy, generalization and others); analysis of pedagogical concepts in the context of the system of guidelines (values) that determine pedagogical thinking. Results. With the development of personality, new ways of interacting with the environment are traced. Moreover, such methods are not directly determined by cause-and-effect relationships with it. The relevance of the developing educational environment and the individual at its various stages of development presupposes the procedural nature of the educational environment, its stages and internal heterogeneity, and a predisposition to transformation. These properties of the educational environment are embodied in its multimodality. Multimodality is a reflection of the dialectics of personality in education: various images and types of environment are determined by the nature of personal-environmental interactions and emerging relationships. Discussion and Conclusions. The design of a personal development environment is carried out through situations in which the components of the environment and the person interacting with it are presented. Personality development is accompanied by the generation of “filling environments.” “Filling environments” in their multiple manifestations are subject-conditioned, personality-generated areas of cognition and transformation of reality, which are the result of personal-environmental interaction. These areas are distinguished by their dynamism and ability to expand in knowledge and activity. The dynamics of personally determined “filling environments” are accompanied by the formation of the student’s personal properties, attitudes towards reality and himself.

THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE MINIMUM TAX LIABILITY

The relevance of the study of the economic and legal nature of the minimum tax liability is due to several factors. Firstly, being relatively new for Ukraine, this type of tax has not yet been sufficiently studied by scholars. Secondly, due to the specifics of the object of taxation, the introduction of the minimum tax liability significantly affects the taxation of farmers – owners of agricultural land and land users, producers of agricultural products, who are among the most vulnerable segments of the population. Thirdly, such a reform of the tax burden on business entities in agriculture, as one of the sectors most affected by Russia's armed aggression, requires a thorough analysis of its timeliness and appropriateness. This necessitates a study of theoretical and practical aspects, potential risks of introducing the minimum tax liability, as well as the formulation of proposals for solving problematic issues in this area, which is the purpose of the study. The research methodology includes a number of methods of scientific knowledge: the philosophical (dialectical) method, general scientific methods (the method of analysis and the formal logical method), as well as methods related to special scientific methods (formal legal and comparative legal). Results. The study of the economic and legal nature of the minimum tax liability concluded that there is a tendency to expand the range of taxpayers. In particular, at the expense of individuals – members of private farms. The article proves that such innovations lead to the loss of existing tax privileges for farms and increase the tax burden for these entities. The authors identify the risks of introducing a minimum tax liability, including incentives for farmers to alienate agricultural land or transfer it to other persons, alienation of farmers from the main means of production, and increased unemployment. It is established that the introduction of the minimum tax liability under the existing conditions is a violation of the fundamental principles of tax legislation of Ukraine. The generalisations obtained can be used to amend the tax legislation and will be useful in conducting scientific research on tax and agricultural legal relations.

The system of prevention of offences in the field of public procurement during martial law in Ukraine in comparison with the European Union

The issue of public procurement, particularly in the defence sector, has become especially pressing during the period of Russian aggression in Ukraine. The risk of corruption in this area is significant and can have fatal consequences for the state. The purpose of this article was to review the system for countering and preventing violations in the field of public procurement, which was created in response to the challenges of martial law in Ukraine. A comparison of this system with the corresponding mechanisms of the European Union was conducted. The methodological basis of the article was a dialectical approach to analysing the crime prevention system in the field of public procurement in Ukraine and worldwide. The study employed methods of formal logic, as well as systemic-structural, systematisation, generalisation, forecasting, phenomenological, comparative-legal, and comparative analysis. Scientific approaches to preventing offences in the field of public procurement in several foreign countries were examined, as well as the main rules and standards introduced in the European Union in this field. It was substantiated that the system for preventing offences in the field of public procurement under martial law in Ukraine is not optimal, and this also applies to EU countries, despite the collective international and national measures taken. It was argued that public procurement is inextricably linked with politics and is used as a tool for achieving the strategic objectives of a particular state. The issue of preventing corruption offences in the field of public procurement is extremely relevant for researchers, and the results of its thorough study will enable Ukraine to achieve significant progress in combating this phenomenon, in addition to the measures already taken by the state during martial law

Role of court precedents in the development of EU law and the legal systems of the candidate states: Examples of Ukraine and Moldova

The judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union play a fundamental role in shaping the EU acquis. The relevance of this study lies in their impact not only on the law enforcement practice within the Union, but also on the trends in the development and amendment of the EU regulations. Considering the above, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union in shaping the law of the European Union and the legal systems of the candidate states. The methodological framework of this study was based on general scientific and special research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction, interpretation, formal logical, and comparative legal methods. The study established the existence of a link between the structural and functional evolution of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the increasing weight of its judgements; the study identified the channels of influence of its judgements on the establishment and development of European Union law. The study outlined the current challenges faced by the judges of the Court of Justice of the European Union and which affect the efficiency of its work. Based on the analysis of the judicial practice of Ukraine and Moldova regarding the use of judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the study substantiated the general significance of judicial precedent in the context of European integration of the candidate states, as well as potential problems of their widespread use in the judicial practice of these states. The practical significance of the findings obtained is that they can be used in educational programmes for training specialists in the field of European law, to develop strategies and policies aimed at integrating candidate states into the EU, ensuring their compliance with the legal standards of the Union

Constitutional legal limits to privacy protection

Relevance. The right to privacy, as one of the basic constitutional rights of man and citizen, is subject to protection in accordance with Art. 23, 24 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. On the basis of constitutional justice and the scientific views of theorists, the content of the law in question is disclosed, problems of a legislative and terminological nature that affect its content and the establishment of limits of constitutional legal protection are described.The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions that contribute to the deepening of scientific knowledge about the protection of the constitutional right to privacy, its content and the limits of constitutional legal protection.Objectives: to analyze the practice of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in cases of protecting the right to privacy and the scientific positions of scientists regarding its concept; describe the state of constitutional and legal protection and the content of the right in question; identify legislative and terminological gaps impeding its proper protection; define the boundaries of constitutional legal protection.Methodology. The study was carried out using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, documentary, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods. The results of the study are formulated theoretical provisions characterizing the content of the right to privacy and the objective limits of its constitutional and legal protection.Conclusion. In the theory of constitutional law and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, there is a change in the trend in the interpretation of the right to privacy from «negative» to «positive». It is transformed by supplementing the concept of private life with new types of information that make it up (the right to genetic inviolability, inviolability of personal data, secrecy when using reproductive technologies, etc.). A forecast is given on the modernization of the system of personal human rights with the recognition of an independent right to protect personal data.

Civil liability of a medical organization for personal data leakage

Relevance. When considering claims for leakage of information constituting the patient's personal data and his medical confidentiality, the courts give a different assessment of the grounds for civil liability of medical organizations. The article reveals the established approaches to assessing the guilt of a medical organization that violated the confidentiality of personal information of citizens who applied for medical help.The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about the civil liability of medical organizations for the unlawful dissemination and (or) use of patient's personal data, including information related to medical confidentiality; development of proposals to eliminate the imbalance of the patient's personal data confidentiality regime and his right to legal assistance.Objectives: analyze civil legislation, legislation on personal data, the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation regarding the protection of patient personal data, decisions of courts of general jurisdiction on claims of liability of medical organizations for unlawful actions with personal data that resulted in the leakage of personal information about patients; to study and update the proposals available in theory aimed at uniform law enforcement in cases of this category.Methodology. The study was carried out through methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods, as well as a method for generalizing judicial practice. The results are reflected in the formulated proposals aimed at improving the judicial protection of personal data of patients of medical organizations, and the uniformity of judicial practice in terms of the responsibility of medical organizations in cases of this category.Conclusion. In cases of responsibility of medical organizations for the leakage of personal data of patients, uniform law enforcement did not work out. The right of a lawyer to access the personal data of persons who received medical assistance did not receive an unambiguous assessment by judicial practice. To eliminate the existing gaps in the protection of the intangible benefits of the patient under consideration, the need to exclude their personal data from the confidentiality regime for the administration of justice and in the provision of qualified legal assistance under the contract is argued.

On formal limitations of causal ecological networks.

Causal multivariate time-series analysis, combined with network theory, provide a powerful tool for studying complex ecological interactions. However, these methods have limitations often underestimated when used in graphical modelling of ecological systems. In this opinion article, I examine the relationship between formal logic methods used to describe causal networks and their inherent statistical and epistemological limitations. I argue that while these methods offer valuable insights, they are restricted by axiomatic assumptions, statistical constraints and the incompleteness of our knowledge. To prove that, I first consider causal networks as formal systems, define causality and formalize their axioms in terms of modal logic and use ecological counterexamples to question the axioms. I also highlight the statistical limitations when using multivariate time-series analysis and Granger causality to develop ecological networks, including the potential for spurious correlations among other data characteristics. Finally, I draw upon Gödel's incompleteness theorems to highlight the inherent limits of fully understanding complex networks as formal systems and conclude that causal ecological networks are subject to initial rules and data characteristics and, as any formal system, will never fully capture the intricate complexities of the systems they represent. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'.

Theoretical and Legal Characteristics of Machine-Readable Law

The idea of automating law and legal activity has become increasingly popular in the scientific legal environment in recent years. One of the ways of such automation is to transform legislation into a machine-readable form. This could provide the possibility of automatic application of the law, increase legal certainty, and make the law accessible to the user. The adoption in 2021 of the Concept for the Development of Machine-Readable Law Technologies became one of important steps towards the introduction of machine-readable law in Russia. It seems that for the successful development of this area, we need a comprehensive theoretical and legal understanding of a new phenomenon for the domestic legal theory, namely: machine-readable law. Using formal logical methods, the author gives a definition of machine-readable law based on the essential and necessary features of the phenomenon under consideration. The paper provides a list of mandatory and optional features of machine-readable law. Special attention is paid to the issues of algorithmization of law and the use of legal ontologies. The paper highlights the main consequences of machine-readable law relating both to the law-making stage and to the stage of using machine-readable law. Such consequences include various types of testability of machine-readable law, the possibility of automatic interpretation, enforcement and direct implementation of machine-readable legal regulations. The author provides the concept of machine-readable law in the broadest sense of the word, covering not only legal regulations, but also the content of smart contracts, machine-readable powers of attorney. The paper also deals with the issues of machine-executable law and the related transition from legal normativity to technological normativity. This work contributes to the theoretical and legal understanding of machine-readable law and can contribute to its successful development in Russia.

The impact of mass migration on the demographic situation and the labor market in Ukraine

The impact of migration on the country’s demographic status is particularly significant in the context of the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of the academic paper is to assess the interrelation between migration processes and the demographic situation in Ukraine, and the social relations arising from migration processes in Ukraine and resulting in changes in the demographic situation in Ukraine are the objects of the research. The following methods were used in the research: analysis, synthesis, generalization and formal logical method. The academic paper raises significant issues regarding the impact of a full-scale invasion on migration processes and the demographic structure of the population in Ukraine. It is stated that the causes of migration processes can be divided by date – the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine. The reasons outlined have led to a change in demographic indicators in terms of gender and age indicators of the population in Ukraine. The academic paper also analyzes the Strategy of the State Migration Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2025 in order to determine whether it contains state mechanisms and tools to improve the demographic situation. The scientific novelty is the author’s proposal to develop a Plan for the mutual influence of migration and demographic policies of the state in order to improve the latter.

Development of software for automated digitisation of geophysical survey results of underground gas storage wells

The purpose of the work is to store, process and analyse the materials of geophysical surveys of wells (GSW) of underground gas storage (UGS) facilities. In order to reduce the time needed to analyse paper-based GSW data accumulated during the operation of gas storage facilities, it is important to transfer them to electronic form for storage. A set of application software solutions has been developed to achieve the goal.The paper presents approaches to the operational analysis of geophysical information, including its verification, correction and accumulation in digital format. A software package (SP), “Karotazh”, was developed for automated recognition of the results of geophysical surveys of wells, which are important for solving various geological and technological problems by means of prompt processing, systematisation, accumulation of initial information, graphical and documented display of this information. The software for preparation of well logs is designed to enter them into the archive for storage, viewing and further automated recognition (digitisation).In order to solve the tasks set out in the study, it has been used such general scientific methods as systematisation (when selecting the necessary sources of information), generalisation (in the process of defining general terms that highlight the main features), formal logical method, method of systematic analysis of information, descriptive method and modelling method.Implementing the developed software for automated recognition of logging results can increase the efficiency of processing geological and geophysical information on wells and productive horizons to analyse their condition and eliminate complications promptly. Forusers’' convenience, an interface for Ukrainian UGS conditions has been developed, allowing specialists to increase their work’s efficiency. The proposed software solution can be used by oil and gas companies in Ukraine to digitise and provide information support for the analytical processing of geophysical survey results.The approach enables to quickly digitise and analyse well logs and then store them in an electronic archive of geophysical surveys.In order to solve problematic issues in gas storage wells on time, it is necessary to promptly analyse the results of geophysical surveys using modern software tools to predict possible complications and take appropriate measures in a timely manner.Implementation and use of the developed software solution for automated recognition of GSW results at UGS facilities enables to reduce the time for analysis of information in paper form and increase the efficiency of obtaining the necessary information for timely action in case of complications.The authors propose relevant and up-to-date software solutions for the automated processing of GSW results and their storage and use in an electronic archive. Implementing the approach in production enables specialists to quickly analyse information and solve problematic issues.

FEATURES OF THE TACTICS OF INTERROGATION OF THE ACCUSED IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF COMPUTER INFORMATION

The subject of the study is the tactics of interrogation as a key element of the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information. The purpose of the article is to find and choose the right interrogation tactics in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information, which allows you to effectively collect and analyze data, obtain evidence necessary for the investigation, protect the rights of all participants in the process and save time during the investigation. Methodology. In the course of the work, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical, comparative and formal logical methods. The results of the study. The tactical actions necessary for the effective investigation of crimes in the field of computer information have been identified. It has been established that a particularly important factor in the investigation is the availability of sufficient skills and knowledge of the investigator in the field of information and telecommunications technologies, which allows the most productive way to obtain the necessary information for the investigation. During the interrogation of the suspect, it should be clarified how he gained access to the information and telecommunications system, what specific actions he committed, whether he worked independently or was a member of a group. Scope of application of the results: the results of this work can be applied in the educational process, as well as by investigative authorities in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information, these materials can be especially useful for novice investigators. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that special attention is paid to the technical component when constructing interrogation tactics. Conclusions. It is concluded that it is technical training that is the key feature of interrogation tactics in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information, since without this component, in some situations, investigative actions are ineffective.

On the history of the connection of the criminal court and the civil court chambers’ in the Russian Empire provinces in the second half of the 1860s (on the example of the Voronezh province)

Importance. One of the main transitional period issues of reforming the judicial system of Russia in the second half of the 1860s is connecting the chambers issue of the criminal court and the civil court at the provincial level. The purpose of the study is, firstly, to identify the mechanism of connecting the chambers of the criminal court and the civil court in the provinces of Russia in the second half of the 1860s, and secondly, to analyze the main problems faced by judicial officials when connecting the analyzed institutions.Materials and Methods. The main sources of the research are the following materials: archival files from the funds of the State Archive of the Voronezh Region (GAVO); normative legal acts, collections of rules and laws; materials of the periodical press; – statistical and reference publications. The methodological basis of the research was both general and particular methods of scientific cognition: the method of structural analysis; the historical-comparative method; the historicalsystemic method; the formal-logical method; other methods of scientific cognition were also used in the article.Results and Discussion. Archival materials from the funds of the State archive of Voronezh region are analyzed, according to which it is possible to restore the connecting the chambers mechanism of the criminal court and the civil court in the provinces of the Russian Empire. On the basis of the current imperial legislation, the general regulatory rules that judicial officials followed when connecting the judicial institutions in question in the second half of the 1860s are revealed. The main problems faced by judicial officials when connecting the chambers of the criminal court and the civil court in the Voronezh province are identified and considered.Conclusion. The mechanism for connecting the chambers of the criminal court and the civil court in the provinces of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 1860s was not specifically prescribed. From November 26, 1867 to July 1, 1869, the judicial system in Voronezh province was at a transitional stage. During this period, pre-reform judicial institutions still continued to operate, at the same time new courts began to work: Voronezh and Ostrogozhsky District courts. The main problem in the functioning of the Judicial Chambers (including the united Chamber since May 1, 1868) at the transitional stage was the lack of a full-time number of judges.