Instrumental Methods Of Diagnosis Research Articles

Molecular Biomarkers for Prediction of Neurological Outcome after Sudden Circulatory Arrest (Review)

The purpose of this review of the 81 publications is to discuss the current national and international data on the prediction of neurological outcomes after sudden circulatory arrest (SCA) using molecular biomarkers. The review discusses the current state of the problem of neurological outcomes after a sudden circulatory arrest, the principal therapeutic measures to improve these outcomes and currently available clinical, laboratory, and instrumental methods of diagnosis and prediction of neurological outcomes after a sudden circulatory arrest.

“Свіжі” пошкодження позапечінкових жовчних проток

У статті проведено аналіз клінічних спостережень (вітчизняних та закордонних) з початку 1990 років щодо причин, сприятливих обставин, факторів ризику, профілактики та лікування ятрогенних пошкоджень позапечінкових жовчних проток, в тому числі так званих “свіжих”. Наведено різні класифікації, фактори ризику цього ускладнення. Узагальнено можливості інструментальних методів діагностики (черезшкірна черезпечінкова холангіографія, ендоскопічна ретроградна панкреатохолангіографія, магнітно-резонансна томографія, комп’ютерна томографія, ультразвукове дослідження) та методів профілактики, особливості їх застосування. Також наведено способи та методи лікування інтраопераційних пошкоджень жовчних проток.Як свідчать отримані дані, ні тривалість захворювання, ні характер операційного втручання (планове чи ургентне), ні діаметр протоки, ні навіть професійний стаж хірурга не впливають на ймовірність пошкодження жовчних протоків.Вказані обставини вказують на необхідність подальшого удосконалення системного розгляду даної проблеми.

The tactics of choice of surgical intervention in the diagnosis of space-occupying process of the fallopian tubes in women of reproductive age

The aim. Analysis of the use of modern methods of surgical treatment of space-occupying process of the fallopian tubes in women of reproductive age based on the study of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental methods of diagnosis. Material and methods. In an open prospective study included 155 patients who were hospitalized in the gynecological department with a diagnosis of chronic salpingitis and oophoritis and who were divided into two clinical groups. The first clinical group consisted of 89 women in whom chronic salpingitis was diagnosed according to clinical and laboratory examination; the second group included 66 women with chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages that have been diagnosed of space-occupying process of the fallopian tubes (hydrosalpinks) and who underwent surgery laparoscopic access. Results. It was found that 66 patients with formation of space-occupying process of the fallopian tubes were operated by laparoscopic access routinely. In 28 patients (42.42%) of the clinical group clinically reasonable amount of intraoperative surgery of space-occupying process of the fallopian tubes was bilateral tubal removal of the fallopian tubes or deletion of a single fallopian tube. 12 women (18.18%), who had parity (8 patients - 66.67%) and 4 patients who planed future pregnancies (33.33%) were recommended postoperative consultation with specialized reproductive center. Taking into account the woman's age, reproductive history (parity absent in 32 patients - 84.21%), in 38 patients (57.58%) organ preserving surgery was performed to preserve possibility of conception without the use of reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. Conclusions. When selecting the amount of surgery in women with tubal bulky formations leading role is dedicated to clinical data which can be obtained during intraoperative visual evaluation of the fallopian tubes of the patient based on age and reproductive history.

ANALYSIS OF X-RAY FINDINGS IN CASE OF CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURY

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features and diagnosis of severe craniocerebral injuries. The case histories of patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at I.I.Mechnikov Regional Hospital in Dnepropetrovsk with severe craniocerebral injuries mostly after traffic accidents have been analyzed. A number of normal anatomic structures able to simulate the fracture of the skull base should be considered in order to avoid overdiagnosis. They can be: sulci of the middle meningeal artery branches; sulci of the parietal-sphenoid sinus; channels of the diploic veins; cleft of the parietalsphenoid synchondrosis behind the back of the pituitary fossa; occipital-mastoid suture. With the introduction into practice of computer and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose damage of structures in the presence of hematomas in the posterior fossa became much easier. Since patients are not always in a conscious condition the given instrumental methods of diagnosis as quick as possible enable to diagnose and make differential diagnosis of injuries that are accompanied by the presence of intracranial hematomas in the posterior fossa.

Instrumental methods of diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

The article presents a literary review of the capabilities of modern methods of instrumental diagnostics (x-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance research) with the assessment of their significance in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with a brief historical digression.

Modemmethodsofcomputerdiagnosticsdentalocclusionand TMJ, craniomandibular system and facial aesthetics

To date, the traditional methods of instrumental diagnosis of occlusion and TMJ - quite time consuming and difficult to perform.Requires a very high qualification of experts capable of conducting such a diagnosis. In this regard, the existing and evolving digital technologycan not only producevarious removable and nonremovableorthodonticand orthopedicdesign, but also allow for a precise and easier to perform, diagnoseocclusion of dentition with the biomechanicsof the temporomandibular joint and the aesthetics of the patient's face.

Imaging Methods of Joint Damage in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology with development of persistent and erosive arthritis ultimately resulting in disability. The prevalence of RA is about 0.5-1% in adults worldwide. Radiographic changes in the joints at early stages of the disease are often absent. Accordingly, there is a need for instrumental methods of diagnosis with greater sensitivity. These include magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound of joints. The paper reviews the instrumental methods of diagnosis of joint damage in early RA according to the existing literature of PubMed database. Selection criteria were original articles in the English language reporting «X-ray», «MRI» and «ultrasound» in patients with early RA.

CLINICAL SEMIOTICS AND SURGICAL PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF STAGE-I BREAST CANCER

Screening tumors of breast are detected by instrumental methods of diagnosis, such as mammography (MG), ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only; typically have a size to 2.0 cm (T1) and need support (MG or USG control) at biopsy for morphological study. In the present study the clinical symptoms were analyzed using a large clinical data (1,347 patients with stage-I breast cancer), the rate of screening tumors and the possibility of pre-surgical biopsy of these tumors. The proportion of screening cancer, identified by instrumental methods of diagnosis was only 12.8%, which means the insufficient level of screening programs for all age groups women. Screening methods had the maximum diagnostic value in microcarcinomas (tumors less than 5 mm) which had no clinical symptoms and almost non-palpable. Young patients (

Clinical Diagnosis: A Textbook of Physical Signs and Symptoms for Medical Students and Practitioners

In the preface of this textbook the authors state they are interested in passing on the knowledge they have attained as university teachers of clinical medicine. They have found that a wide discrepancy between medical knowledge on the one hand and practical application of such knowledge on the other is too often displayed by students. The student who knows all the facts about a rare disease may fail to elicit a simple knee jerk or to palpate a massively enlarged kidney. They believe that, in the majority of instances, such deficiencies are attributable not to lack of intelligence or study on the part of the student but to inadequate or faulty training in the art and science of physical diagnosis. They also state that there is some misdirected enthusiasm today for such instrumental methods of diagnosis as are used in chemistry, radiology, and electrocardiology. These methods, they agree, are of