Focus Group Discussion Method Research Articles

Mendorong Pertumbuhan UMKM dengan Menggunakan Konsep Bagi Hasil Sistem Mato

The purpose of this study is to encourage the use of profit sharing based on the mato system in the management of MSMEs that are adapted to the characteristics of each business unit. This research method is descriptive qualitative. Synergize the old system that already exists in the management of MSMEs with profit sharing based on the mato system using the focus group discussion method. The concept of profit sharing based on the existing mato system is currently used in most Padang restaurant management. Although RMP has turned into a large company, profit sharing based on the mato system has been used since its establishment, as a street vendor, as a micro-enterprise. In conclusion, the concept of profit sharing in the mato system can be injected into the management of MSMEs so that they can grow and develop faster.
 Keywords: Profit Sharing, Focus Group Discussion, MSME Management, Binary Opposition Synergy, Automatic System

BUILDING REASONABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE STRUCTURE WITH OPTIMAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL

This study applies the optimal mathematical model to develop a rational agricultural land-use structure that brings economic, social, and environmental benefits to Que Son district, Quang Nam province. We utilized the method of focus group discussions and household interviews. One hundred and twenty-five households directly engaging in agricultural production in five communes of the district participated in the study. The model was used to build the agricultural land-use structure with the following conditions: limiting the cultivated area, ensuring food security, and guaranteeing labour in the agriculture sector. The results indicate that Que Son district needs to reduce 29.1 ha for peanuts and 8.8 ha for vegetable cultivation while increasing 387.6 ha for maize, 190.1 ha for sweet potato, and 190.1 ha for sesame cultivation.

Relevance of Assamese Folk Song, Bihu Geet in Practicing Natural Farming in the Traditional Baree (Homestead Garden) System of Assam, India

Aim: The study was undertaken to understand the relevance of Assamese folk songs, or Bihu geet, in the management of the traditional Assamese baree system in view of natural farming.
 Study Design: The data obtained from group discussion and personal interview method have been tabulated as described by [1].
 Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted in a total of 24 villages from six districts viz. Nalbari, Baksa, Dhemaji, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, and Sivsagar during the period January 2021 to January 2022
 Methodology: From the three agro-climatic zones of Assam, two districts were selected and from each district, four villages were selected. From each village, 10 farmers above 60years of age were selected randomly thus making a sample size of 240 respondents. Data was collected by using a focus group discussion method and a personal interview method using a semi-structured interview schedule.
 Results: A total of 36 Bihu geet reflecting natural farming practices in the traditional baree system and its role in the management of the baree have been documented.
 Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that Bihu Geet forms an indispensable part of the Assamese Baree system and its scientific validation should be studied further as these are based on practical observation over a long period of time and can form a basis for natural farming.

In Search for the Optimal Forest Use Behaviour: Riparian Forest Use in Central Asia, Using the Example of Ak-Tal, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan

Riparian forests are rare and valuable ecosystems in Central Asia, both due to their significance for biodiversity and to their provision of vital ecosystem services to local residents. However, the actual forest use behaviour is under-researched, official figures may not be trustworthy, and the question of over-use is up in the air. This paper sets out to shed light on riparian forest use behaviour by local residents using the example of Ak-Tal Village upon the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan: Which economic use patterns do they practice (focusing on fuel wood and pasture)? Which other ecosystem services do they recognise? Is there forest over-exploitation? To answer these questions, this study builds on local knowledge, by applying the methods of focus group discussions and a household survey. Results show an extreme discrepancy between official wood consumption figures (50–60 m3 p.a.) and figures based on household wood consumption (310–404 m3 p.a.). The forest also serves as an important winter pasture over the seven months between October and April (stocking density 0.61 livestock units/ha), but payments for these ecosystem services are low, with annually 40 KGS/ha. Local residents are aware of additional material and nonmaterial ecosystem services of the riparian forest. Opinions diverge upon the question if there is forest over-exploitation, potentially because different stakeholders have different concepts of an optimal forest status. Consequently, optimal forest use behaviour can only be defined by the local users themselves, e.g., in a future stakeholder dialogue.

Implementasi Manajemen Pengetahuan Pada Perusahaan Web Hosting Dengan Web Hosting Management Complete Solution

The implementation of knowledge management in a company has become a necessity in the current 4.0 era. Therefore, the company's ability to manage existing knowledge is needed to survive the onslaught of competition. To implement knowledge management in one of the Web Hosting companies towards service to consumers is the aim of this research, as well as a solution to the problems experienced in the Customer Support division. Due to this, the problem-solving process is often hampered and the existing problems are not properly archived. In this study, knowledge of the organization is figured out by analyzing the support of existing information technology. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method is used as a tool to find out the abilities and skills that exist in each of them, in order to figure out the extent to which a person's perspective is to see and assess something he observes. In this study, Web Hosting Management Complete Solution (WHMCS) is a system used in applying knowledge to web hosting companies for the knowledge-sharing process between customer support and consumers.

Optimalisasi Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi KD. 3.9/4.9 Evolusi Melalui Model Project Based Learning Metode Focus Group Discussion pada Kelas XII.MIA.1 MAN 2 Kota Payakumbuh Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022

The aim of study this classroom action research is to find out whether the Project Based Learning Model Focus Group Discussion method can improve the activities and learning outcomes of students class XII .MIA.1 MAN 2 Payakumbuh even semester 2021/2022 academic year. This research with two cycles. The results of observing student activities showed a significant increase, from 44.31% in the first cycle to 79.36% in the second cycle. The results of learning knowledge show that in the first cycle the average learning outcomes of students' knowledge is 84.67. Up by 8.55% from pre-cycle. Completeness from pre-cycle to cycle I increased from 19 students in pre-cycle to 28 students with a percentage increase of 17.39%. Furthermore, in the second cycle the average learning outcomes rose to 92.33 from the first cycle with a percentage increase of 9.05% with an increase in completeness from 28 people to 100% complete from 30 students. The percentage increase in completeness is 7.15%. For skills learning outcomes, the average skills learning outcomes are also almost the same as knowledge learning outcomes. The data showed that in the first cycle the average student learning outcomes were 84.67, an increase of 11.10% from the pre-cycle. Completeness from pre-cycle to cycle I also increased from 23 students in the pre-cycle to 27 students with a percentage increase of 17.42%. In the second cycle, the average learning outcomes rose to 96.37 (very good category) from the first cycle with a percentage increase of 9.80% with an increase in completeness from 27 people to complete 100% with the same number of students. The percentage increase in completeness is 11.11%. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the learning model of the Project Based Learning Model Focus Group Discussion method can increase the activities and learning outcomes of students.

One-Chance Transit Crime and Commuters’ Victimization Experiences in Ibadan City, Nigeria

One-chance transit crime is a prevalent yet under-researched form of transit crime in Nigeria. Thus, this study investigated the crime and the victimization experiences of commuters in Ibadan city. Routine activity theory was employed as theoretical framework. Data were generated from victims of the crime, police personnel and motor-park officials through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion methods. Findings revealed that one-chance transit crime is commonly perpetrated by criminals making use of taxis for commercial transportation. Money and mobile phones of commuters were the major targets of this category of criminals. One-chance transit criminals are luring their victims through different strategies.

Developing Business Model Based on Islamic Classical Economic Thoughts

This study aims to develop a business model based on Islamic economic thoughts pioneered by Muslim thinkers such as Abu Yusuf, al-Syaibani, Abu Ubayd, al-Mawardi, al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyah, and Ibn Khaldun. They existed from the early period of Islam until 1446. An absence of consensus on the definition of a business model that is universally accepted has led to the reassessment of the current business model towards pro-business and encouraged by profit margins. A holistic and comprehensive business model influences a business's enhanced performance. Hence, in reality, the survival rate of businesses, mainly businesses run by Muslims, is at a low ebb, although Islam has provided guidelines for all life activities, including business strategies. Hence, further studies should be conducted to seek solutions to overcome the resilience of Muslim businesses by referring to the thoughts of Islamic economic scholars. However, the scholarly thoughts were not organised as a scientific discipline, which eventually led to a decline in the Islamic economy, and consequently, humans began to follow the conventional economy. Data were collected through the document analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods involving agency representatives, entrepreneurs, and academicians in the business field. It was then analysed using the content analysis method. Findings indicate that the business model comprised four components, namely production, business transactions, marketing, and the government's role, which was based on Islamic creed (aqidah), Islamic law (shariah), and Islamic morality and manners (akhlaq), acts as a catalyst for a successful business venture. This study has a significant impact and offers a new solution for overcoming and substantiating society's economic growth and development by making business a mechanism for empowering the Islamic economy.
 
 Received: 16 April 2022 / Accepted: 25 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

Assessing the Hard and Soft Skills for Inclusivity: The Lens of Student Interns

"Skills like soft skills and hard skills need to be given considerable attention as these contribute to higher level competence in teaching. Knowledge of effective teaching should also match the growing complexity of modern teaching service systems. This descriptive survey study aimed to find out the competence level of 85 randomly selected student interns and their respective Cooperating Teachers of the College of teacher Education, University of Antique, Sibalom, Antique, Philippines. To determine student-interns ’competencies, a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire on competence level was utilized. Focus group discussion and interview methods were utilized to triangulate the data regarding the result of the level of competencies of the student interns. Mean, percentage, and standard deviation were the descriptive statistics while Pearson’s r was the inferential statistics employed. The results revealed that student interns have High competence level in both Soft skills and Hard skills when rated by student interns themselves. A significant relationship was also noted between the level of competence of the respondents as to Soft Skills and Hard Skills. A skill development program was proposed to enhance the student interns’ competencies for inclusivity."

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII IPS-1 PADA MATERI TEKS DISCUSSION PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION DI SMA NEGERI 1 KEMBANG TANJONG KABUPATEN PIDIE

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Focus Group Discussion Method on increasing students' learning motivation in the field of English studies. The subjects of this study were class XII students for the academic year 2020-2021. There are 25 students, consisting of 13 male students and 12 female students. This research took place in two cycles, each cycle consisted of; “planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collected in this study include: student learning outcomes, observations of activities during learning, post-test results given and reflections from reflection quiz sheets. Observation of teacher performance in learning by using Focus Group Discussion method and reflection from research partners, taken at the end of each cycle. The results of the research in cycles 1 and 2 are 1.) Teacher activity has increased well, namely achieving (standard score "good") has mastered and applied the Focus Group Discussion model in learning and at the end of cycle 2 in general it has been around (standard score" is very good). 2.) Student participation during KBM at the first meeting of cycle 1 was still low (ranging from the standard of "fair"), but at the second meeting of cycle one it began to increase (standard score was "good") and the class atmosphere became more harmonious. At the end of cycle 2 in general, students had partitioned “very well” at the time of the KMB. 3.) Student learning outcomes at the end of Cycle 1 increased to 16 of 25 students (64%) who achieved the standard value of learning completeness compared to before the CAR took place of 25 students, 15 (60%) students who completed. At the end of cycle 2, it was getting better, reaching 20 out of 24 students (80%) achieving the standard of mastery learning, their average score was above the KKM: 68. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of Focus Group Discussion learning has been proven to improve teacher professionalism, participation and student learning outcomes in class XII IPS-1 SMA Kembang Tanjong on the subject matter of "Text Discussion".Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Learning Model Focus Group Discussion

Determinants and Constraints Affecting Training Effectiveness for Enhancing Core Competencies of Extension Personnel: An Analytical Study in Kerala

Training is the furthermost investment in building human resources. An attempt was made to study the determinants and constraints aff ecting for enhancing core competencies of extension personnel in Kerala. Three training institutions: Community Agrobiodiversity Center (under an NGO), SAMETI (under State Department) and CTI (under SAU) were chosen for the study. Purposive and Random Sampling were carried out for the study. The sample consisted of trainers from three diff erent training institutes. Four diff erent training programmes related to core competency development being organized during 2017-18 were selected purposively from each of the three training institutes. Five trainees for each training programmes were selected randomly with a sample size of twenty from each institute making sixty as total sample size. Personal interview and focus group discussion methods were also used as tools for data collection. Ten factors were listed based on the review of literature and consultation with experts that were thought to aff ect the eff ectiveness of training. Tobit regression was used to identify the factors aff ecting the eff ectiveness of training. Three factors were found to aff ect the eff ectiveness of training according to trainers that were locus of control, improvement in job performance and satisfaction and training need index.

FARMERS’ PROBLEMS IN THE ERA PANDEMIC COVID-19

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic there was a high risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural areas. So that there are many problems for farmers in rural areas who generally have minimal information when compared to urban areas, especially in terms of accessing health information about Covid-19, this will certainly have an impact on different mindsets and perceptions in dealing with which pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic is something new for the community. Efforts to deal with farmers' problems in the Covid-19 pandemic era by preventing the risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural and livestock areas.
 Objectives: This study aimed to dig deeper into the problems of farmers in the Covid-19 era.
 Methods: The design of this study used an interpretive qualitative approach carried out through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method involving 10 farmer respondents. Data were collected using a thematic analysis approach based on Krueger, R and Casey, M.
 Results: The results of the interviews resulted in five major themes, namely the theme of self-protection tools as a covid-19 shield, Knowledge as a millennial farmer, supporting facilities for obtaining information, working environment conditions, marketing farm produce, change in work behavior.
 Conclusion: The problems of farmers in the Covid-19 area tend to see problems in terms of health but also have an impact on agricultural output, work behavior so that it needs attention to overcome problems to deal with farmers' problems during the Covid-19 pandemic.

What Likeability Attributes Attract People to Watch Online Video Advertisements?

As online video viewing increases, so does the size of the online video advertising market. However, it is challenging to create an advertising creative suitable for online video services. Advertising likeability helps to provide the strategies necessary for producing video advertisements that can facilitate consumer responsiveness and generate persuasive effects. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the likeability attributes of online video advertising content that increase online video advertisement views and to validate them with actual user data. To achieve this objective, this study applied a mixed-methods approach using two studies. The first study was an exploratory study in which users’ reviews on recently popular online video advertisements were analyzed through text mining, after which we identified key likeability attributes. We then conducted a focus group discussion method to measure the degree of video ads in each attribute. The second study was a confirmatory study, in which the key likeability attributes identified in the first study were verified empirically through an econometric model. As a result, we derived six likeability attributes of online video advertisements. The findings also highlight the effects of music, storytelling, influential people, and novel ideas on the number of views. Altogether, our study offers practical insights into which factors and identified likeability attributes enable effective online video advertisements.

Covid-19 Health Protocol Education for Health Cadres and the Community

In 2019, the government has taken policies as an effort to optimally handle the Covid-19 storm so that it does not spread widely. The pattern of transmission of the Covid-19 virus can be through the air and can be transmitted if health protocols are not carried out properly. The level of incidence of Covid-19 has become a major problem for all communities in various regions in Indonesia, including in the Parigi area of Parigi Moutong Regency. In the last week, it was discovered that a new variant of Covid-19, the "Omicron" type, has been endemic in various regions. The preliminary observations show that 75% of the public do not understand the ways and benefits of consistently implementing the Covid-19 health protocol, and 62% do not understand the risks faced if they are not disciplined with the Covid-19 health protocol. To anticipate the rate of spread of the Covid-19 virus, it is important to educate the public regarding health protocols. This activity has been carried out from June 12 to 18, 2021, using the Focus Group Discussion Method (FGD). The target is 5 health cadres and 75 people. This activity was carried out in Salabia Village, Tinombo District, Parigi Moutong Regency. This education regarding the implementation of the Covid-19 health protocol was enthusiastically welcomed by the public and health cadres. This activity is carried out to ensure that the public and health cadres are broad-minded so that they can independently implement the COVID-19 health protocol correctly with discipline and consistency.

Menceritakan Bancah Birunguik, Memperagakan Silek Luncua Mendendangkan Balam-balam : Pelatihan Repertoar Baru Randai di Solok Selatan

This paper describes the implementation of the Randai Creation Workshop in South Solok Regency, which was carried out by ISI Padangpanjang Community Service Team. The workshops are carried out with problems solving approach and artistic research, which are oriented towards finding answers to problems through the practice of artwork creation. The process of creating Randai began with shared research for folklore that developed in South Solok, using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, which resulted in findings in the form of the Bancah Birunguik story, which was then processed together as a screenplay. The process of creating Randai continued with the creation of Legaran with the method of practical mentoring, which departed from the repertoire of Silek Luncua, a silek genre that developed in South Solok. The last process of the workshop, also employing the method of practical assistance, is the blending of movements with sounds. This process is codified as an aspect of Randai musicality, using the Balam-Balam sung from Saluang Panjang tradition, a type of South Solok traditional song, as the main guide. The results of the workshop are several scenes of Randai as an embryo that can be developed into the typical Randai repertoire of South Solok.

Assessing resource‐based theory in ecotourism management: The case of Sebangau National Park, Indonesia

AbstractResource‐based theory (RBT) has been widely used in strategic management, but only few studies apply it in the field of ecotourism. This research examines RBT in national park development in Indonesia in order to develop strategies and increase competitive advantage. Through an assessment using RBT, this study identifies and evaluates the management of Sebangau National Park (SNP) that has been known as one of the peatland national parks in the world and has been managed with the concept of ecotourism. The assessment was conducted on resources and capabilities using the methods of literature study, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. This qualitative method targeted all actors except tourists, owing to the small sample size and hierarchical nature of the sample [including village heads, local government officials, and non‐governmental organization (NGO) leaders]. The result shows that the education and training of human resources at SNP remains focused on conservation issues; consequently, it has been difficult to maximize benefit to society. This study also shows that the challenges facing the development of ecotourism in SNP are interrelated and rooted in the problem of limited resources in the region. This paper makes a theoretical contribution by applying RBT to network‐shaped stakeholders.

Proposed Strategies to Improve Energy Efficiency at PT Badak NGL

As an energy company, PT Badak NGL continues to innovate to improve the energy efficiency in its plant operation. However, as the amount of feed gas continues to decline, the percentage of fuel gas increases gradually. The reduced amount of feed gas results in a low load factor of the operating equipment, causing inefficient plant operation. The 2018 benchmark results show that PT Badak NGL’s energy efficiency performance is below average. Although the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets related to energy efficiency are almost always achieved, there is a decreasing trend every year. Plant energy efficiency is an important issue. It relates to the amount of fuel losses, which can be converted into LNG as country income, and to the amount of carbon emissions as the result of fossil fuel burning. This study is performed to find what are the root causes of the plant inefficiencies and to propose strategies to improve them. Using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, energy reviews were conducted to determine each plant area’s Significant Energy Use (SEU). Furthermore, the root cause analysis can be made in a Current Reality Tree (CRT). The Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) method is used in formulating alternative solutions for each cause of energy inefficiency. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a decision-making tool from the alternative solutions. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to ensure the robustness of the decisions made. From the study, there are nineteen root causes that cause plant inefficiencies. Twelve controllable root causes have been solved by developing internal procedures or studies, while seven outstanding causes can be solved with five alternative solutions. AHP, which was carried out using the criteria of cost, impact on energy efficiency, completion time, and complexity, showed that there are top three priority solutions that must be implemented as soon as possible, namely the building energy management project, the LED replacement project, and flow and pressure indicators installation for pumps. The proposed strategy is set with a completion target of three years.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE VALUE, CREATED BY PRIMARY HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS IN LITHUANIA: DOES COMPETITIVENESS POSSIBLY DEPENDENT ON THE FORM OF OWNERSHIP?

Background. In the face of competition between primary health care institutions (PHCIs), attempts are made to gain a competitive advantage in the market by creating greater value for patients. Little research has been conducted on whether the form of a PHCI’s ownership is a factor of its competitive advantage. The aim of the study. To determine opportunities for competitive advantage in the management of value creation in public and private primary health care institutions by using the method of focus group discussion with managers. Methods. Focus group discussions were held in 10 Lithuanian counties, and 10 focus group sessions were carried out overall. A total of 48 primary health care managers were interviewed. Results. The competitive advantage of a PHCI depends on its form of ownership, which makes for unfair competitive conditions. A competitive advantage is created by factors such as: the variety of services available; the health care policy in action; the function of the manager; the professionalism of the staff; and the location of the institution. Medical staff have the same opportunities to express and develop their professional skills in public and private PHCIs, but private institutions attract the most skilled staff because they have the resources to increase their motivation. Conclusions. The managers of PHCIs indicated that the competitive advantage depends on the form of ownership. In management science this study and the results can be a basis for the health care reform development and the foundation for new theories.

Envisioning the Indigenised university for sustainable development

PurposeWhile the possibility of a university fostering sustainable development is present in the extant literature and policy documents, the idea still warrants further consideration. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the nature and outcomes of the university’s engagement with Indigenous communities and perceptions of Indigenous knowledge systems in both academic and non-academic activities, and what might be required to foster the university’s contributions towards sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study of the only public university in The Gambia was conducted, including non-university actors. Interviews and focus group discussion methods were used, and these enabled close collaboration between researchers and participants, and the latter were empowered to describe their perceptions of reality.FindingsThree major sets of findings emerged from the analysis of the transcripts from interviews and focus group discussions with the university and community members. These are the limited nature of and outcomes from university–community engagement, the sustainable outcomes of Indigenous practices and ideas for Indigenising university engagement for sustainable development.Practical implicationsParticular implications of the study that underpins this paper can be underscored; these include: a contribution to the literature on ways of connecting Indigenous communities with universities, and to a conceptualisation of the Indigenised university; a provision of insights into the connectivity between university community engagement, Indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable development; the creation of a context for subsequent studies on practical steps that universities might take in the direction of epistemic justice and sustainable development for all; and heightening the intractability of theoretical and philosophical issues of epistemology, knowledge ecology and epistemological justice, as they reveal themselves in practice, in complex situations.Originality/valueMatters of the university reaching out to Indigenous peoples have yet to find their way into conceptualisations of the university for sustainable development. This paper addresses this gap in the existing literature by advancing possibilities for the Indigenised university for sustainable development to emerge.

The initial design and programme theory for a new work-focused psychotherapeutic intervention to treat moderate-severe recurrent depression and enhance job retention

Purpose Here, this study aims to report a case study of the initial design and programme theory of an interdisciplinary work-focused relational group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) treatment programme for moderate-severe depression using realist methods. Design/methodology/approach This case study shows how the authors designed the intervention using component analysis of existing literature and focus groups of frontline practitioners and former service users and mind-mapping analysis to establish its operational logic and evaluated the theory underpinning the intervention using realist synthesis and evaluation to establish its conceptual logic. Findings An iterative hybrid approach of literature review, component analysis, focus group discussion and realist methods established the initial design and programme theory for the new intervention. The intervention focused on three areas of therapy, three inter-dependent outcomes, in a group format, with opportunities created for peer interaction. The main theoretical principles most likely to promote efficacy were to accelerate and optimise activation of one or more of six hypothesised mechanisms: realise, reflect, regulate, resolve, relate and retain/resume in the context of skilfully facilitated group psychotherapy. Social implications This study outlines a methodological approach based on the layered ontology of critical realist philosophy, applied to a successful example, which will be useful during the early stages of the design and development of new group-based psychotherapeutic interventions. Originality/value By adopting the critical realist approach, the authors identified underlying mechanisms of change in relational group CBT. The theoretically integrated approach involving service users and practitioners from different professional backgrounds was unique and meant that the treatment programme was multi-modal rather than informed by a single therapeutic or theoretical approach.