Focus Group Discussion Method Research Articles

Indigenous farmers' perception of climate change and the use of local knowledge to adapt to climate variability: A case study of Vietnam

AbstractThis research investigated indigenous farmers' perception of climate change and the use of local knowledge for climate change adaptation. Survey and focus group discussion methods were used to collect data from 362 respondents. Logit model was employed to determine the factors influencing farmers' perception of climate change. Results show that farmers are aware of the climate variability citing hotter weather and unpredictable rain. Farmers use local knowledge and local agricultural practices to adapt to climate change. Moreover, farmers' perception of climate change was determined by many factors such as education, location and income. The results suggest that policymakers should consider local knowledge, farmers' perception of climate change and other contributing factors when designing and formulating policies for indigenous farmers.

Fourth-year Indonesian medical students’ time management in Problem-based learning

problem-based learning involves the student in its learning process. The students are expected to do an independent learning in every aspect of learning events, which is very effective to students depend on how they can manage their own schedules and their own activities. This was a qualitative study. The subjects were twenty six medical students with focus group discussion method, it has 1 key informant and 26 common informants. Data analysis used matrix technique where the information was processed in table and they were: number, informant’s name, emik, ethic, conclussion and displayed in descriptive narration. Students with good time management had characteristics of play an active role in answering and asking questions, have a lot of information about the case in the scenario, understand the explanation given by friends, and achieve the learning objectives given in the tutorial discussion. While students with poor time management were still looking for the materials during the tutorial discussion, confused by the explanation given by friends during the tutorial, passive during the tutorial, and give opinion during the discussion, but no relevant reference. The strategy used by students is reading tutorial material and discussing with friends before the session. The importance of time management in implementing problem-based learning is that students can comprehensively study the given cases and encourage students to actively identify and solve problems in discussions

Women’s Experience of Vulnerability in Flood in the context of Northern Region of Bangladesh

Flood is one of the most common and devastating disasters in the northern region of Bangladesh. The objective of this research is to investigate how and to what extent flood has been affecting people’s livelihood and how men and women are taking steps to mitigate the impact and cope up with the situation. The research work was conducted based on a qualitative point of view and the lens of feminist research methodology. This study has revealed that flood-induced vulnerability affects men and women differently. Women experience the severity of the flood and household food insecurity much more than men as women are responsible for maintaining the household, taking care of everyone, and playing the role of buffer and absorber the impact. To mitigate the impact and cope up with the devastating effects of floods, men and women employ different strategies. While men go to nearer or far towns or cities for alternative livelihoods, women remain within the household and try to mitigate the impact. This study is conducted through qualitative research techniques such as semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, case study, and conversational exchange method and aims at contributing to a broader understanding of women’s experience of flood-induced vulnerability in the context of the northern region of Bangladesh.

Women’s Experience of Vulnerability in Flood in the context of Northern Region of Bangladesh

Flood is one of the most common and devastating disasters in the northern region of Bangladesh. The objective of this research is to investigate how and to what extent flood has been affecting people’s livelihood and how men and women are taking steps to mitigate the impact and cope up with the situation. The research work was conducted based on a qualitative point of view and the lens of feminist research methodology. This study has revealed that flood-induced vulnerability affects men and women differently. Women experience the severity of the flood and household food insecurity much more than men as women are responsible for maintaining the household, taking care of everyone, and playing the role of buffer and absorber the impact. To mitigate the impact and cope up with the devastating effects of floods, men and women employ different strategies. While men go to nearer or far towns or cities for alternative livelihoods, women remain within the household and try to mitigate the impact. This study is conducted through qualitative research techniques such as semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, case study, and conversational exchange method and aims at contributing to a broader understanding of women’s experience of flood-induced vulnerability in the context of the northern region of Bangladesh.

Strategy mitigation action of climate change of land-based in geopark karst area of Gunungsewu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Gunungkidul District has an area of 485.36 km2, which is a karst area that is included in the Gunung Sewu geopark. The uniqueness of mount karst is mainly in the abundance of carbon stocks in the karst. The karst area’s location has underground river flows, shallow soil solum, and high levels of drought. The objectives were to create actionable strategies for climate change mitigation to reduce the risk of damage to karst areas. The mitigation action strategy aims to reduce the carbon emissions rate from various sources and increase the Karts area’s absorption rate, a community forest area. The methodology uses qualitative research comparing baseline carbon data based on the allometric model. Data collection carried out using the FGD (Focus Group Discussion) method. The results showed that community forests’ average carbon stock was still below the lowest standard of carbon stock’s feasibility in the woods. This situation does not guarantee optimal carbon storage sustainability due to the phenomenon of land-use change and need-cutting. Therefore, the mitigation action strategy needed is to encourage local policies at both the village and district levels in climate change mitigation efforts. This policy will form the basis for mainstreaming climate change mitigation as part of the government’s widely supported work.

Sosok dan Peran Ayah dalam Persepsi Anak Yatim

This study aims to reveal the perceptions of orphans in Cirebon towards the figureand role of the father, both as a typical / symbolic father and as an individual /personal father. The subjects in this study were 9 students of an elementary school inCirebon, consisting of 5 grade 5 children and 4 grade 6 children (aged 10-12 years)who come from single mother families. Information was collected using the centerbunch dialog / focus group discussion method. Information analysis was carried outusing qualitative content analysis (AIK) methods, using a deductive approach, namelydirected content analysis. In this study, it was found that orphans still have perceptionsabout their personal father, even though they do not live with the father. Theperception of the father's figure tends to be negative, while the perception of thefather's role tends to be positive

Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Melalui Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif Sablon Cukil

The background of the service is that the development of the Kawruh Lumbung Studio is needed so that it can be further developed through the Cukil Screen Printing Business. The Cukil screen printing business is considered to be important expertise to accommodate creativity and improve the community's economy, especially young people to not migrate but focus on working to support the progress of Petir Village. The lumbung kawruh studio has several routine activities, including learning to read and write Javanese script, learning to dance and a mini library. The various creative potentials above, on the other hand, can be used as a medium for entrepreneurship education for youth in the area. The purpose of this service is to develop the art of Cukil (Cukil screen printing) which is applied to tshirts and bags, and to make it a medium for entrepreneurship education for youth in the area. The results of this service process include young people who have had cut-out screen printing skills through the entrepreneurship education process using the focus group discussion method, workshops andthe practice of screen printing.

PERENCANAAN PROGRAM KETERAMPILAN MEMBATIK UNTUK PESERTA PAKET C DI PKBM AZ-ZAHRA KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG

The purpose of this study was to determine the planning of the package C learning program at PKBM Az-Zahra, Kepahiang Regency. This study refers to several indicators studied, namely the target of activities, the form of planning, the people involved, and the identification of programs carried out by the institution for the package C learning program at PKBM Az-Zahra. This study uses the method of Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of this study indicate that before the implementation of the batik skills program at PKBM Az-Zahra, a plan was first carried out. In planning the batik skills program for package C participants at PKBM Az-Zahra, the institution held a meeting with the organizational structure to set activity targets and identify the program. The target of activities in planning the batik skills program at PKBM Az-Zahra is to improve the life skills of students in package C through the batik program, train participants in package C so that their work has a selling value. As well as joining business groups that have been provided by institutions (Umeak Kain Diwo and Rumah Kreatif) and creating new entrepreneurs. The people involved in planning the batik skills program at PKBM Az-Zahra are operators, tutors, managers, coaches, and all teaching staff of PKBM Az-Zahra.

Integration of Local Wisdom Values in Realizing Good Nagari Governance

This research began with the issue that the implementation of Nagari governance in West Sumatra Province was not in accordance with the principles of good local governance based on the philosophy of local wisdom, particularly in the Minangkabau community. The purpose of this study is to explain the integration of local wisdom values, namely the leadership of the Tigo Tungku Sajarangan, the cooperation, and the consensus agreement in realizing the principles of good governance in the Nagari government in West Sumatra. The research was conducted in three villages, namely Nagari Limo Kaum in Tanah Datar Regency, Nagari Kamang Mudiak in Agam Regency, and Nagari Kayu Tanam in Padang Pariaman Regency. The data was collected using the methods of interview techniques, documentation studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The data validity test was carried out by source triangulation and method triangulation. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques through three stages, namely reduction and selection, interpretation, and inference. The results showed that the values of Tigo Tungku Sajarangan leadership, consensus agreement, and cooperation could be integrated into realizing the principles of good governance in the Nagari government in West Sumatra.

Pharmacists' experiences serving culturally and linguistically diverse patients in the Australian community pharmacy setting.

Background There has been no in depth published study to date reporting on community pharmacists' current experiences and their future practice needs relating to providing culturally competent pharmaceutical care to Australian culturally and linguistically diverse patients with low English proficiency. Objective To explore community pharmacists' experiences serving culturally and linguistically diverse patients who have low English proficiency. Setting Community pharmacists in Australia. Method Focus group discussions with practising community pharmacists were conducted. Participants were recruited from metropolitan Sydney. Discussion centred around their current experiences and practice changes needed to enhance the provision of culturally competent pharmaceutical care. Thematic analysis using the constant comparison method within a grounded theory approach was performed on the data collected. Main outcome measure Participants' experiences in providing culturally competent care to culturally and linguistically diverse patients with low English proficiency. Results Thirty community pharmacists participated in six focus group discussions. Inadequate provision of culturally competent care was found to be primarily due to the issue of language incongruence between pharmacist and patient. Participants proposed various means with which such care may be provided to ensure patient safety. Conclusion Pharmacist participants expressed being inadequately equipped to provide culturally competent care in the community setting and identified potential means by which such care may be delivered. Addressing identified barriers that hinder community pharmacists' capacity to engage in culturally competent practice can potentially improve provision of pharmaceutical care to culturally and linguistically diverse patients with low English proficiency.

Factors influencing acceptance of vaccination during pregnancy in The Gambia and Senegal

BackgroundVaccination during pregnancy can protect pregnant women and their babies from infectious diseases. Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid, is the only vaccine given to pregnant women in The Gambia and Senegal, where it is given by antenatal care providers as part of the Expanded Programme on Immunization. A qualitative study was undertaken to explore factors influencing acceptance of vaccination during pregnancy in The Gambia and Senegal. MethodsFocus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted across urban and rural settlements of The Gambia and Senegal. We explored the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of 152 women who were either pregnant or with an infant. NVivo 11 Qualitative Data Analysis Software was used for management and thematic analysis of the data. ResultsWomen had sufficient knowledge of the need for tetanus vaccine from different information sources but insufficient knowledge of tetanus causes, signs and symptoms. Tetanus vaccine was perceived to be safe and side effects such as pain and swelling at site of injection did not deter uptake of future doses. Women overall had confidence in their sources of vaccine information and the health care workers who administered maternal vaccinations. Their willingness to accept vaccination during pregnancy was particularly influenced by their husbands and trusted healthcare workers. Women across all sites mentioned they would accept new maternal vaccines if they are sensitized beforehand about any potential risks and benefits to them and their babies. ConclusionVaccine acceptance can be influenced by several factors including contextual, individual or group influences and vaccine or vaccination-specific issues. Women across The Gambia and Senegal are generally vaccine acceptors with confidence in the health care workers who vaccinate them and few concerns about maternal vaccines. Women’s acceptance of vaccination during pregnancy is based on previous vaccination experiences and individual weighing of risks and benefits.

Why Are You So Thin? Exploring Individual and Household Level Factors of Adolescent Girls’ Food Consumption in Rural Bauchi, Northern Nigeria

Abstract Objectives Bauchi State has the second highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (13%) among girls and women in Nigeria. Individual and household-level factors that may influence the food consumption of rural adolescent girls were explored in six local government areas of Bauchi State in Northern Nigeria. Methods Focus group discussions were used to collect data from unmarried girls (11–16 years). Each of the six discussions had eight participants. Discussions were conducted in the Hausa language, tape recorded by skilled interviewers, transcribed, translated into English and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Emerging themes from this study included age at marriage, knowledge of basic nutrition concepts, foods perceived as nourishing for girls and women, food preferences of adolescent girls, and gender inequities in household access to food. Intended and actual ages at marriage overlapped significantly and ranged from 13–20 years. The concern about not finding a husband after a certain age, and a desire to be independent of parents were common reasons for early marriage. The knowledge of basic concepts in nutrition including types of nutrients and food groups was minimal. When asked what foods were perceived to be nourishing for women and girls, participants mentioned cereals mostly, a few plant and animal protein foods, but also ultra-processed foods and drinks. In order of taste preference, adolescent girls chose cereal foods, ultra-processed foods, animal source foods, legumes, tubers and vegetables. Rice and pasta were the most preferred food items, while fruit and dairy products were not mentioned. Prevailing limited access to animal source foods was attributed to large household size and financial constraints. All participants reported receiving smaller food portions than their adolescent male siblings. Perceived reasons for this disparity include the contribution of boys to farm labor and household income, gender stereotypes (“just because they are boys”), and their larger body frames and appetites. Some believed that boys needed more food for energy in order to impregnate girls. Conclusions Early marriage, poor nutrition knowledge and disparities in access to food may influence food consumption and, thus, contribute to poor nutritional status in adolescent girls in Bauchi State. Funding Sources Oxfam LINE Project, Bauchi funded the study.

Influence of conspiracy theories, misinformation and knowledge on public adoption of Nigerian government’s COVID-19 containment policies

This study examined the individual and collective influence of conspiracy theories, misinformation and knowledge revolving around COVID-19, on public adoption of the Nigerian government’s containment policies. The study adopted the Survey, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. For the survey, a sample of 466 respondents were drawn from Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp, while 24 participants were selected for the FGD. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and thematic approach were used to analyse data generated from the study. Results revealed a COVID-19 conspiratorial thinking among survey respondents and FGD participants, who were also familiar with the orgy of unbridled dissemination of misinformation and conspiracy theories in the social media space. Majority of respondents were knowledgeable about government’s COVID-19 containment policies and were practicing the recommended safety measures. Their decision was influenced by trust in opinion leaders, especially family members and medical experts.

Adolescents' support for an outdoor smoke-free policy at sports clubs in the Netherlands.

INTRODUCTIONOutdoor smoke-free policies (SFPs) at sports clubs may contribute to the prevention of smoking among adolescents. Adolescents’ support for such policy is important to its success. The aim of this study is to explore adolescents’ perceptions with regard to an outdoor SFP at sports clubs in the Netherlands.METHODSFocus group discussions (n=27) were held with 180 participants (aged 13–18 years) at 16 sports clubs. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.RESULTSParticipants generally supported an outdoor SFP at sports clubs. Five reasons for this support were reported: 1) children should not be exposed to smoking, 2) smoking and sports (clubs) do not fit together, 3) secondhand smoke is undesirable, 4) an outdoor SFP may enhance a sports club’s image, and 5) an outdoor SFP contributes to the prevention of smoking. Some participants voiced considerations against an outdoor SFP, arguing amongst others, that smokers need to be taken into account, and that problems may occur with compliance and enforcement. Support for an outdoor SFP was stronger among participants at clubs with an outdoor SFP than among those without such policy.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that adolescents generally support an outdoor smoke-free policy at sports clubs. After implementation, the outdoor SFP was generally experienced as a normal practice. These results could encourage sports clubs without an outdoor SFP to become smoke-free as well.

Training and assistance in making village profiles as a branding facility for Pujon Kidul tourism village

The purpose of this service is to provide knowledge to village officials and the community of Pujon Kidul Village about the importance of the Village Profile. The Village Profile is very much needed as a means of socializing and actualizing the potential that exists in the village. However, Pujon Kidul Village, which is known as the Tourism Village, does not yet have an official village profile. So that the socialization of village potential is not optimal. The special target to be achieved in this service is the compilation of the Pujon Kidul Village profile which is officially managed by the community and / or village officials with online media in the form of websites and offline media. For this reason, training in making a good and attractive village profile is needed so that the aims and objectives of creating a village profile for socialization and promotion of village potentials will be carried out well. This service was carried out using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method which involved village officials and BUMDes managers which resulted in three agreements. First, a more adequate and informative website was developed. Second, a village profile video was made and a booklet was compiled. Third, the use of the media is to maximize village promotion through online and offline.

Perancangan Aplikasi Penyedia Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Bagi Pelajar SMA/ Sederajat dengan Metode Participatory Design

Continuing study to higher education is an important thing for most of high school students, but there are still obstacles related to the information availability of higher education for high school students. These constraints can be divided into 3 categories, namely limited university information, limited department information, and limited registration information. Currently, there are university information apps, however those applications have not been able to overcome the three categories of obstacles faced. Thus, an design for application that can handle these problems. In this research, a design for application for information about higher education providers was conducted. The application design consists of 4 stages, started by determining needs using the focus group discussion method which involved 9 respondents and produced 23 needs. The second stage, determining design alternatives using the participatory design workshop method involving 8 respondents and producing 4 design alternatives, and selecting an alternative design involving 19 respondents. The third stage is making a high-fidelity prototype with the help of Adobe XD software. In the last stage, evaluation and improvement are carried out by considering the factors of usefulness, effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, and satisfaction. The result of this research is a design of application that provide information about university that meets aspects of functionality and usability. Those aspects including the usefulness factor 81.79%, the effectiveness factor 82.14%, the efficiency factor 82.14%, the learnability factor 71.43%, and the satisfaction factor 79.64%. Based on these results, this application able to use and meets user needs.

Australian men’s fertility information seeking attitudes and behaviour: A qualitative investigation

ObjectiveMost women and men want and expect to have children but increasing maternal and paternal ages reduce their ability to achieve this. Most research relating to childbearing has focused on women. The aim of this study was to explore reproductive-aged men’s fertility information-seeking attitudes and behaviours. MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted with younger (18–30 years, 3 groups) and older (31–45 years, 3 groups) men, residing in urban, peri-urban or rural settings in Victoria, Australia. The topics covered included men’s fatherhood aspirations and intentions, and their attitudes and behaviours relating to seeking information about fertility. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and transcripts analyzed thematically. ResultsSix focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 39 participants. Four key themes were identified: 1. ‘No need for fertility-related information’; 2. ‘Knowledge and awareness of fertility’; 3. ‘Fertility is women’s business’; and 4. ‘Fertility and manhood’. Fertility and fertility information seeking was perceived by many participants as women’s domain. While men did not seek information about fertility unless they experienced fertility difficulties, they reported learning about fertility through the lived experiences of others, predominantly family and friends who experienced infertility. ConclusionFertility-related health promotion initiatives and reproductive health information targeting men are needed to encourage men to be active participants in reproductive decision making to optimize the chance of both women and men achieving their parenthood goals. Narrative health messages may be a successful way to convey fertility information to men.

Huonokuuloisten katsojien näkemyksiä eduskunnan kyselytuntien automaattisesta ohjelmatekstityksestä

Intralingual subtitles are subtitles written in the same language as the audio track of an audio-visual broadcast. The target audiences for intralingual subtitles are those with difficulties in comprehending the spoken narrative or dialogue. This article presents the feedback from a group of hard-of-hearing people on intralingual subtitling produced by a speech recognition program. The feedback was collected as a part of a larger research program using the focus group discussion method. The hard-of-hearing focus group commented on the readability, visual representation, flawlessness, and speaker identification of the intralingual subtitling. They listed ideas for enhancing the overall ease of following the broadcast and proposed improvements in the technical implementation, understandability, and quality of the subtitling. The group also wished that the subtitles would show more detail such as the speaker's specific word choices and dialect.

A Qualitative Inquiry on Information Search Behaviour for Services In India

The service sector is the strongest pillar of any economy and offers tremendous opportunities for research. Information search behaviour for services has been a relatively underexplored area of research, particularly in emerging economies like India. The present study investigated the information search behaviour of consumers for search, experience, and credence services. The study was qualitative in nature and used interviewing and focus group discussion method to probe search behaviour. Data were collected in the Delhi–NCR region in India during the year 2019. Thematic analysis using constant comparison method was performed on the data. The study revealed that consumers exhibited different search behaviour for different types of services. Least efforts were expended for services rich in search attributes. Internet emerged as a popular source of information search for all the services. Age had a substantial impact on search behaviour. Quality of information was a major concern among consumers. This study contributes in broadening the understanding of information search behaviour of consumers of developing economies.

Why women do not use contraceptives: Exploring the role of male out-migration.

Contextual understanding of reasons for non-use of contraceptives is key to devising family planning (FP) strategies. This study aimed to understand the reasons for non-use of contraceptives among women in the context of male out-migration. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in two high male out-migration districts in Bihar, namely Nawada and Gopalganj. Twenty-five FGDs were conducted with currently married women with migrant husbands, currently married men and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) during April-June 2019. Data were analysed by using a thematic approach through Atlas.ti-6.2. The reasons for contraceptive non-use in areas with high male out-migration were complex, as this included barriers to contraceptive use unique to high-migration areas and reasons commonly found in other rural settings. Non-use of contraceptives among women with migrant husbands was mostly driven by lack of contraceptive preparedness before husband's arrival, inability to procure contraceptives due to inaccessibility to health facilities and stigma to procure when husband was away. Other migration environment related factors included low ASHA outreach, myths and side effects of contraceptives, community fertility norms and poor spousal communications around FP. The reasons for non-use of contraceptives are multifaceted, complex and interlinked. Exploration of these reasons in migration context suggest that FP programs in migration affected areas need to address a range of barriers to contraceptive use at multiple levels.