Drawing Method Research Articles

Brief analysis of oil painting techniques - takes the "tree" as an example

In the painting process of oil painting, oil painting techniques are an important factor of oil painting expression, but it is not easy to use good techniques, from the 15th century. The development of the Netherland School of Painting represented by Fanke has developed a lot of techniques, which increases the difficulty for learners to learn systematically.So this article is called a "tree." For example, the drawing method, materials and tools.

The foot drawing method: reliability of measuring foot length and outward rotation in children with clubfoot

BackgroundThe Ponseti method is the gold standard for clubfoot treatment. However, relapse and residual gait deviations are common, and follow-up until 7 years of age is recommended. We evaluated the reliability of the foot drawing method, a new instrument for the follow-up of clubfoot. The method uses drawings of the foot in the neutral position and external rotation to measure foot length and outward rotation.MethodsNineteen children aged 2.5–7 years who were treated with the Ponseti method for congenital clubfoot were included. Two raters made the drawings twice (D1 and D2). Each rater measured foot length, foot rotation, and foot–tibial rotation independently (D1). Later, the raters repeated the measurements (D2). Interrater reliability was assessed using the D1 from each rater. Intrarater reliability was assessed using the measurements from each rater’s D1 and D2. Bland–Altman plots were used to visualize the limits of agreement (LoA). The mean, 95% confidence interval, and one standard deviation of the differences in all measurements were calculated.ResultsThe mean differences between and within raters were: foot length < 1 mm, foot rotation < 1°, and foot–tibia rotation < 2°, which indicated no systematic differences. The LoA for foot length were: 4.5 mm and 5.9 mm between raters for D1, − 4.8 mm and 5.9 mm for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 5.1 mm and 5 mm for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot rotation: were − 12° and 10.6° between raters (D1), − 8.4° and 6.6° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 14° and 14.1° for rater 2 (D1–D2). The LoA for foot–tibia rotation were: − 17.8° and 14.3° between raters (D1), − 12° and 12.2° for rater 1 (D1–D2), and − 12.7° and 13.6° for rater 2 (D1– D2).ConclusionsThe absence of systematic differences between and within raters, and LoA observed indicate that the foot drawing method is applicable in clinical practice and research. However, the results of the foot and foot–tibia rotation analyses imply that caution is needed when interpreting changes in foot rotation in feet with higher degrees of rotation.

A novel approach to the conventional deep drawing process

In this study, the mechanical formability of Al6061-T6 sheet material using a pre-bulging process was experimentally investigated. Therefore, an innovative die entrance design was applied to conventional deep drawing dies. In addition to the formability of the Al6061-T6 material, the effects of the innovative design on the energy consumption and thickness distribution were also investigated. For the experimental studies, deep drawing dies capable of mechanically pre-bulging at 0°, 15°, and 30° angles were designed and experimental studies were carried out at a 10 mm/sec forming speed with constant blank holder force. It was observed that the Al6061-T6 material, which was drawn at the highest ratio of ß = 2.0 in a single operation with the conventional deep drawing method, can be deep drawn at a drawing ratio of ß = 2.2 in a single operation with this new method, and the forming force was reduced by 24.45%. It was found that the deep-drawn Al6061-T6 sample, which was drawn at the highest ß = 2.2 drawing ratio, exhibited a maximum sheet thinning of 15%, and it could be formed with a single die in a single operation without forming defects such as cracking and wrinkling.

Localised structuring of metal-semiconductor cores in silica clad fibres using laser-driven thermal gradients

The molten core drawing method allows scalable fabrication of novel core fibres with kilometre lengths. With metal and semiconducting components combined in a glass-clad fibre, CO2 laser irradiation was used to write localised structures in the core materials. Thermal gradients in axial and transverse directions allowed the controlled introduction, segregation and chemical reaction of metal components within an initially pure silicon core, and restructuring of heterogeneous material. Gold and tin longitudinal electrode fabrication, segregation of GaSb and Si into parallel layers, and Al doping of a GaSb core were demonstrated. Gold was introduced into Si fibres to purify the core or weld an exposed fibre core to a Si wafer. Ga and Sb introduced from opposite ends of a silicon fibre reacted to form III-V GaSb within the Group IV Si host, as confirmed by structural and chemical analysis and room temperature photoluminescence.

Nursing students’ perception of gender-defined roles in nursing: a qualitative descriptive study

BackgroundGender stereotypes influence both women and men who work as nurses as well as individuals considering nursing as a profession. The aim of this study was to explore male and female nursing students’ experiences and perspectives regarding gender-defined roles as well as how they view their future professional roles.MethodsThe study used a descriptive qualitative design. A convenience sample included 72 full-time second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected in 2017 using a self-administered qualitative questionnaire consisting of 11 essay-type questions. As an additional data collection method, a drawing method was applied. The data were analysed by content analysis separately for the male and female perspectives.ResultsAltogether, eight themes emerged, with half explaining the male and the other half the female students’ perspectives. Students choose nursing for altruistic, opportunistic and organisational reasons. Among the female students, another reason “family and social incentives” was also identified. Female students’ vision of their future professional role included altruism and positive representations of ‘being a nurse’, whereas the male students’ vision included management and leadership, and technical aspects of nursing.ConclusionsBoth male and female nursing students face the limits of their own gender roles, yet they are prepared to challenge these gender-based perceptions. Tackling stereotypes and raising public awareness, using gender-inclusive language and strategies for recruitment, ensuring gender diversity in nursing teams and revising the nursing curriculum where appropriate, are just some of the implications that arise to help overcome gender differences.

Socio-demographic and water handling practices affecting quality of household drinking water in Kisii Town, Kisii County, Kenya

Household drinking water quality is dependent on a number of determinants which could be arising at the source, during transportation or due to storage and handling practices. The challenge of unsafe water is even big in urban settings that are often characterized by exponential population growth, increased urbanization, industrialization and poor sanitary facilities. Contaminated water is a leading cause of water borne diseases which are a major public health and policy makers concern. In fact, Water borne diseases are third cause of mortality in Kenya whereas they are ranked second in Kisii. The study was designed to investigate the factors affecting household drinking water quality in Kisii Town that has four main zones which include: Mwembe, Jogoo, Nyanchwa and CBD. Demographics, level of awareness in terms of water quality as well as hygiene and sanitation practices of the study population were studied using questionnaires. The questionnaires were filled by interviewing household heads from 422 sampled households. Qualitative data was also obtained by use of Focused group discussions (FGDs). Perspectives of key people such as public health officers were acquired through Key informant interviews (KIIs). The study found a significant relationship between household size and water quality in terms of presence of total coliforms. The following hygiene and sanitation factors were found to be having significant relationship with presence of E. coli in household drinking water; source of water (p = 0.002), transportation container (p = 0.029), covering during transportation (p = 0.012), storage container (p < 0.001), method of drawing from storage container (p < 0.001), feces disposal (p = 0.001) and garbage disposal method (p = 0.04). The conclusion of this study is that good hygiene and sanitation practices are important in ensuring total safety of drinking water at the point of use. There is therefore need for more capacity building in this region to ensure that people do not consume contaminated water which is a major contributing factor to water-borne diseases.

Breast Cancer Incidence in Kyrgyzstan: Report of 15 Years of Cancer Registry.

Objective:The epidemiological features of the breast cancer (BC) incidence in Kyrgyzstan were studied.Methods:The retrospective study (2003-2017). Descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology were used. Crude (CR), age-specific (ASIR), age-standardized (ASR), equalized incidence rates and approximation were calculated. The method of drawing up a cartogram based on the determination of the standard deviation (σ) from the mean (x) was applied. Results:During the study period, 7,850 new cases of BC were registered. The average annual crude and age-standardized incidence rate were 18.8±0.5 and 24.0±0.5 cases per 100,000 population of female, respectively, and their trends tended to increase (Т=+1.0%; R2=0.242 and Т=+0.2%; R2=0.015, respectively). The analysis of ASIR showed unimodal growth with a peak at 60-64 years – 85.9±4.9 cases per 100,000 population of female. ASIR trends decreased in the age groups of 40-59 years, and the most pronounced decrease was in 50-54 years (T=−1.5%; R2=0.391), in other age groups the trend increased and were most pronounced up to 30 years (T=+4.4%; R2=0.180). Trends in ASR of BС tended to grow in almost all regions, with higher levels in Osh (Т=+3.6%; R2=0.665) and Jalal-Abad (Т=+3.8%; R2=0.551) regions. The cartograms of ASR per 100,000 population of female were allocated according to the following criteria: low – up to 17.2, average – from 17.2 to 26.5, high – above 26.5. The results of the spatial analysis showed the regions with a higher levels of BC incidence rate per 100,000 population of female: Chuy (31.3), Osh city (27.1) and Bishkek city (39.2). Conclusion:The study of the epidemiological spatio-temporal features of the incidence of breast cancer is of both theoretical and practical interest and plays an important role in monitoring and evaluating anticancer activities.

Comparison of Adult Female Torso Patterns : Focusing on Body Type With Small Chest and Wide Hips

This study aimed to discover a suitable pattern for adult women in their 20s with hips wider than their chest (A-shaped body). Three different torso patterns (M&#252;ller, Aldrich, and Armstrong) were drafted, and the sensory evaluation was performed after preparing the experimental clothes and placing them on the A-shaped subjects. The sensory evaluation results showed that, in the front view, the Armstrong pattern had adequate ease and good appearance in front neck circumference, shoulder width, front width, chest circumference, armscye circumference, and hem. Furthermore, the Aldrich pattern was the worst among the three patterns regarding waist and shoulder ease and appearance. In the side view, the M&#252;ller pattern was the most appropriate for chest circumference, waist circumference, and front and back hem margins. In the back view, similar to the front view, the Armstrong pattern had the most appropriate amount and appearance in the neck circumference, shoulder width, back width, hem, and back armscye circumference. These results indicated that, among the three pattern methods, the Armstrong method was the most suitable drawing method for an A-shaped body of women in their 20s.

The Effectiveness of The Drill Drawing Method on The Development of Fine Motorists in Preschool Children

Background: Preschool is the right time to develop children's creativity. The directed development of children's creativity at this age range will influence their future life, one of which is by stimulating drawing exercises. Determining the effectiveness of the drill method by drawing on fine motor development in preschool children is the goal of this investigation. Methods: This research is a pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design sort of research. The study's target audience was kids alone in Kindergarten Bhakti Asuhan Palembang. Simple Random Sampling is the method used for sampling. The number of samples is 26 respondents who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysis technique used the Marginal Homogeneity test. Results: based on the findings of the univariate analysis performed before using the drill approach by drawing most of the respondents, the development was in the dubious category of as many as 20 respondents (76.9%). Meanwhile, after the drill method was carried out by drawing, most of the respondents' development increased, and as many as 23 respondents (88.5%) experienced an increase inappropriate developments. According to the outcomes of the bivariate test using the Marginal Homogeneity Test, a significant value was obtained, namely (ρ-value = 0.000), so that &lt;0.05. Conclusion: There are differences in fine motoric development in preschool children before and after the drill method by drawing at Kindergarten Bhakti Asuhan Palembang City.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Predictive Simulation Algorithm of Forest and Fruit Wood Borer Galleries Based on Two-Dimensional Images and Different Influencing Factors

Since forest and fruit wood borer insects are very harmful, and the formed galleries are complex and not easy to observe, the 3D reconstruction and visual prediction simulation of their galleries are of great importance in agricultural and forestry research. A single image-based 3D reconstruction and visualization method is proposed. The method is divided into two steps: (1) photographing the complete insect galleries on different sample wood segments, correcting the images to obtain the complete insect tract outline, and then redefining the height of model expansion based on the distance from the outline to the midline of the outline via the sketch-based reconstruction method to reconstruct the 3D geometric model of insect tracts; (2) setting the influencing factors, such as forest and fruit wood borer pest species, host plants and insect population density, and simultaneously judging the newly added sample points and updating the original skeleton points according to the category of sample points and the comprehensive consideration of influencing factors, so as to obtain the changes of insect gallery structure under different conditions and achieve the predictive simulation of insect tract structure. We found that modeling 3D wood borer galleries by different pests on different host plants can be achieved. Compared to the hand drawing method, our method can obtain 3D models in a very short time, and the experimental models are all reconstructed within 1.5 s. The predicted variation in the range of insect tracts indicate that it was inversely proportional to the population density and positively proportional to the moth-eating ability of the pests, indicating that the method reflects the relationship between the range of insect tracts and the influencing factors. The proposed method provides a new approach to the study and control of wood borer galleries in the forest and fruit industry. In conclusion, we provide a method to reconstruct and predict the wood borer galleries in three dimensions.

Design and simulation of heptagonal porous core photonic crystal fiber for terahertz wave transmission

A heptagonal core and hexagonal cladding Porous Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (PC-PCF) is proposed for terahertz wave guidance. Important transmission properties including confinement loss, effective material loss (EML), and core power fraction are investigated by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. At an operating frequency of 1 THz and a carefully selected optimum parameter set, the proposed fiber shows confinement loss in the order of 10−4 dB/m, relative material absorption loss of 0.04 cm−1, and core power fraction of 45%. Guidance properties such as effective area, bending loss, and dispersion are also investigated in detail. Due to the simple design of circular air holes in both core and cladding, the PC-PCF is envisaged to be fabricated using the available stack and draw method. The proposed fiber is envisaged serve as an efficient waveguide for transmitting terahertz wave, particularly in communication applications due to its small loss and dispersion.

Praca z dziećmi zagrożonymi wykluczeniem i demoralizacją w perspektywie symbolicznego interakcjonizmu

Introduction: By creating a framework composed of such concepts as the self, definition of the situation, meaning, joint action, making indications, and social labelling, symbolic interactionism (SI) provides us with a useful conceptual apparatus for understanding human behavior and analyzing the process of criminogeneity. Research Aim: Similar to the way that Howard Becker has discussed the social character of deviations using excerpts of interviews that he carried out with marijuana smokers and jazz musicians, I try to show on the basis of interviews with counsellors how we can use methods of rehabilitation drawing from SI to social work and treatment of at-risk and delinquent youth. Method: These findings were based on data drawn from in-depth interviews (semi-structured) with counsellors from day care treatment centres (sociotherapists). Results: The article presents four methods of rehabilitation and social work with at-risk and delinquent youth, which were generated from collected data and from the theory of SI. Conclusion: Probation officers, social workers, counsellors, street workers, sociotherapists are professions that can use the ideas and methods presented in the article in their professional practice.

Swarm Intelligent Optimization Conjunction with Kriging Model for Bridge Structure Finite Element Model Updating

For the simple bridge structure, the finite element model established by drawing and elastic mechanics method is accurate. However, when faced with large and complex long-span bridge structures, there are inevitable differences between the finite element model and the physical model, where the model has to be updated. It is problematic that the updating structural matrix cannot be fed back into the existing general finite element calculation software in the traditional structural matrix updating method. In this paper, a parameter-type updating method based on the “Kriging model + swarm intelligence” optimization is proposed. The Kriging model, based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), Bird Mating Optimizer (BMO), and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), is introduced into the finite element model, updating this to correct the design parameters of the finite element model. Firstly, a truss structure was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method, and then a cable-stayed bridge was taken as an example. Three methods were used to update the finite element model of the bridge, and the results of the three optimization algorithms were compared and analyzed. The results show that, compared with the other two methods, the GA-based model updating method has the least time due to the small computation. The results of the BMO-based model were time consuming compared to the other two algorithms, and the parameter identification results were better than the GA algorithm. The PSO algorithm-based model updating method to solve the finite element model was repeated, which required a large amount of computation and was more time consuming; however, it had the highest parameter correction accuracy.

A Novel 3D Light Assisted Drawing (3D-LAD) Method to Aid Intraoperative Reproduction of Osteotomy Lines Surrounding a Bone Tumor During Wide Resection: An Experimental Study.

IntroductionComputer navigation and customized 3D-printed jigs improve accuracy during bone tumor resection, but such technologies can be bulky, costly, and require intraoperative radiation, or long lead time to be ready in OR.MethodsWe developed a method utilizing a compact, inexpensive, non-X-ray based 3D surface light scanner to provide a visual aid that helps surgeons accurately draw osteotomy lines on the surface of exposed bone to reproduce a well-defined preoperative bone resection plan. We tested the accuracy of the method on 18 sawbones using a distal femur hemimetaphyseal resection model and compared it with a traditional, freehand method.ResultsThe method significantly reduces the positional error from 2.53 (±1.13) mm to 1.04 (±0.43) mm (p<0.001), and angular error of the front angle from 2.10° (±0.83°) to 0.80° (±0.66°) (p=0.001). The method also reduces the mean maximum deviation of the bone resection, with respect to the preoperative path, from 3.75mm to 2.69mm (p=0.003). However, no increased accuracy was observed at the back side of the bone surface where this method would not be expected to provide information.DiscussionIn summary, we developed a novel 3D-LAD navigation technology. From the experimental study, we demonstrated that the method can improve the ability of surgeons to accurately draw the preoperative osteotomy lines and perform resection of a primary bone sarcoma, with comparison to traditional methods, using 18 sawbones.

Computer Aided DIY Design of Stylized Generation of Random Needle Embroidery

Random stitch embroidery uses jagged and crossed lines to represent the painting and embroidery principles of an image. It requires the embroiderer to repeatedly scrutinize the embroidery techniques, operating steps, and predict the effects of embroidery. The embroidery has very personal artistic characteristics. In order to solve the problem of high difficulty in designing random stitch embroidery, long creation time, and difficulty in pre-viewing the effect, an interactive tool is proposed to assist users in DIY design of random stitch embroidery. By generating creation preview images and marked embroidery drafts, users can quickly embroider their own de-signs. Input the target image as a reference for random stitch embroidery, and divide the image into sub-regions based on the clustering algorithm for detailed drawing. Build a single stitch model and a multi-layer stitch model based on the texture characteristics of the object, and set the corresponding length, orientation, density, thickness and other parameters to the desired texture. Based on the image style, an interactive reconstruction using vector field rendering technology and lighting simulation technology are constructed for users to carry out DIY design and effect previews. Based on the CorelDraw platform, a DIY drawing system for random stitch embroidery and a draft generation system are developed, a human-computer interaction interface is designed, and case simulations are carried out. The experimental results show that proposed tool improves the efficiency and creativity of embroidery design. To generate a marked manuscript can also be provided to random needle embroidery beginners, to facilitate their rapid grasp of the random needle embroidery drawing methods and skills.

A Pilot Study of Radiomic Based on Routine CT Reflecting Difference of Cerebral Hemispheric Perfusion.

BackgroundTo explore the effectiveness of radiomics features based on routine CT to reflect the difference of cerebral hemispheric perfusion.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited 52 patients with severe stenosis or occlusion in the unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA), and brain CT perfusion showed an MCA area with deficit perfusion. Radiomics features were extracted from the stenosis side and contralateral of the MCA area based on precontrast CT. Two different region of interest drawing methods were applied. Then the patients were randomly grouped into training and testing sets by the ratio of 8:2. In the training set, ANOVA and the Elastic Net Regression with fivefold cross-validation were conducted to filter and choose the optimized features. Moreover, different machine learning models were built. In the testing set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, calibration, and clinical utility were applied to evaluate the predictive performance of the models.ResultsThe logistic regression (LR) for the triangle-contour method and artificial neural network (ANN) for the semiautomatic-contour method were chosen as radiomics models for their good prediction efficacy in the training phase (AUC = 0.869, 0.873) and the validation phase (AUC = 0.793, 0.799). The radiomics algorithms of the triangle-contour and semiautomatic-contour method were implemented in the whole training set (AUC = 0.870, 0.867) and were evaluated in the testing set (AUC = 0.760, 0.802). According to the optimal cutoff value, these two methods can classify the vascular stenosis side class and normal side class.ConclusionRadiomic predictive feature based on precontrast CT image could reflect the difference of cerebral hemispheric perfusion to some extent.

Analysis of the use of learning media using the participatory drawing method for elementary school children in the slum area of the Alak Landfill Kupang

Education is an important aspect of human life that is able to support future development. One of the important things in an effort to optimize a child's education at the elementary school level is to provide learning media and pay attention to the use of learning media in children's study rooms, this is so that the learning that takes place can run effectively. However, there are still learnings that have not been effective in several study rooms, one of which is the Alak Shelter House which is a study room for children who live in the slum area of ​​the Alak Landfill Kupang. This is related to the provision and use of learning media in the study room which is not yet optimal. This condition and situation certainly has a psychological effect on elementary school children who live in the slum area of ​​the Alak Landfill Kupang, especially in the learning process. This study aims to identify the use of learning media in elementary school children in the slum area of Alak Landfill Kupang and describe the psychological dynamics behind the effectiveness of the use of learning media.

Analysis of Rhodamine B dyes in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye that is used to dye textiles, but it is often misused to color a street food product such as cotton sugar. The short-term effects of Rhodamin B if it comes in contact with the skin or eyes are irritation of the affected area, acute poisoning, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness and hypersalivation. While the long-term effects caused are irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of several reproductive functions such as infertility or infertility, damage to liver and kidney function. This research was conducted to determine the use of Rhodamine B dye in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency. The cotton sugar used as the sample was taken from 3 different places, namely Markets (sample A), Town Square (sample B) and Store (sample C) representing the Pasuruan district. Analysis of cotton sugar was carried out by the color drawing method using wool yarn with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the three samples were negative and did not contain Rhodamine B red dye, this can be seen from the Rf value which cannot be calculated because on the KLT plate no orange stain was formed under the 366 nm UV lamp. It can be concluded that cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency is safe for consumption because it does not contain red dye Rhodamin B

Improving the quality of drawing management process in Iso department of Australian general engineering Vietnam (age Vietnam)

In the context of economic integration, along with the development of industrial parks, enterprises are always innovating with modern and advanced technology to improve the quality of their products and thus increase their competitiveness in international economic integration. This study assesses the progress of completion, the inadequacies after applying the drawing management process in Iso room age Vietnam and the management storage regulations of the enterprise, thereby making flawed comments and proposing solutions in the management process after being put into practice at the company. Use interdisciplinary research methods of archiving, drawing records, and survey results to speak to the importance of managing and storing drawings in the mechanical engineering industry showing the level of completion and outstanding shortcomings of the process. The survey results provide the basis for the shortcomings that need to be improved in the process and thorough remedies to improve the quality of the technical drawing management process.

Novel hydromechanical reverse drawing method for thin-walled aluminum alloy sheet forming

Novel hydromechanical reverse drawing method for thin-walled aluminum alloy sheet forming