HCI Methods Research Articles

Towards Inclusive Research and Resources in American Signed Languages

Creating high-quality resources that are easily accessible in American Sign Language (ASL) is important and valuable to the Deaf community. Simply adding videos to an English-centric user interface layout leads to unsatisfactory results because language conventions and differences in intuition create varying scanning patterns and expectations regarding the information's placement and presentation. Therefore, design choices regarding the videos and their surroundings must be made to overcome this challenge. In this work, we design interfaces that do not rely on English fluency. By promoting the widespread use and availability of well-designed ASL resources, we aim to support increased access and representation of ASL online materials for members of the Deaf community. We are developing an ASL-centric survey tool that would enable users to take surveys in ASL. Our objective is to study design elements that can help users navigate resources intuitively without relying on English. Lastly, we hope to contribute to cultivating access to collaborative human-centered methods and research by closely reflecting on HCI methods and moving towards creating a guideline to carry out research in ASL.

The First Step of the Project for the Interaction of an Open Data Platform with an Intersectional Feminist Lens

The Feminist HCI is characterized as the integration of feminist theory into HCI practice, which can occur at all stages of the design process, including user research, prototyping and evaluation. However, there is still a research gap on the integration of feminism with established HCI methods. An HCI methodology that is also concerned with human values and the possible consequences of technological artifacts is Value Sensitive Design (DSV). The present work seeks to answer how to include Feminism HCI in the HCI Project with the VSD. This research took place in the context of ELLAS Project, an Open Data platform that aims to contribute to the reduction of the gender difference in STEM in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.

Reopening, Repetition and Resetting: HCI and the Method of Hope

This paper attempts to (re)theorize the nature and role of hope in collaborative and interventionist CSCW and HCI projects. Building on work in anthropology, STS, CSCW and HCI, and extended reflection on the 3Dprintability project - a multinational collaboration dedicated to the 3D printing of prosthetics in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia - it advocates for a more pluralistic and action-oriented understanding of hope built around moments of collaborative reopening, repetition and resetting. It then argues for a more robust and open-ended HCI method of hope that can change the way interventionist projects are conceived, documented, evaluated, and communicated, both in the HCI literature and in more public-facing accounts.

Projection of Tourist Climate Comfort Level Period 2031-2050 in Caldera Toba Geopark

Tourism is one of the economic sectors that is developing relatively rapidly and has the potential to become a source of foreign exchange due to an increase in the number of tourists. Caldera Toba Geopark is one of the UNESCO-owned Geoparks in Indonesia as a tourist destination that depends on natural potential to be vulnerable to climate change. The relationship between climate and tourism from the comfort index is needed in determining tourist comfort. Climate parameters that become the calculation of the climate comfort index such as air temperature, rainfall, wind speed, length of sunshine and cloud cover are part of the thermal, physical and aesthetic aspects of climate comfort weighting. Climate projection data in this study is the RCP 4.5 scenario with the ACCESS 1-3 model. Using the TCI and HCI methods, the results of the temporal pattern analysis on the climate comfort index for the period 2031-2050 have a 'Bimodal - Shoulder Peak' distribution pattern. Based on the results of the spatial pattern analysis, the level of tourist climate comfort for the period 2031-2050 both with TCI and HCI methods is dominated by the comfortable category index where the peak comfort occurs in December with a very comfortable category. The lowest comfort level with the TCI method occurs in June in the comfortable category, while the HCI method in July with a comfortable category. In the end, the results of this study provide recommendations for the best tourist time in the Caldera Toba Geopark from September to December. The recommended geosite locations are Simanindo - Batu Hoda and Hutatinggi - Sidihoni geosites.

A Method to the Madness: Applying an Intersectional Analysis of Structural Oppression and Power in HCI and Design

With increased focus on historically excluded populations, there have been recent calls for HCI research methods to more adequately acknowledge and address the historical context of racism, sexism, gendered racism, epistemic violence, classism, and so on. In this article, we utilize Black feminist epistemologies to serve as critical frameworks for understanding the historical context that reveals the interconnected systems of power that mutually influence one another to create unequal outcomes or social inequalities for different populations. Leveraging Black feminist thought (BFT) and intersectionality as critical social theories of design praxis, we introduce intersectional analysis of power—a method that enables HCI researchers, designers, and practitioners to identify and situate saturated sites of violence in a historical context and to transform the ways in which they engage with populations that have been historically oppressed. Engaging in self-reflection as researchers, we apply an intersectional analysis of power to co-design technologies with community street outreach workers who address violence in their predominantly Black communities. We: (1) identify the saturated site of violence; (2) identify the intersecting systems of power and who holds power (past and present); (3) describe the “conceptual glue” that binds these intersecting systems together and the assumption(s) that those who hold power are employing to guide their interactions; (4) examine the ways in which Black people are subjugated, surveilled, and/or expected to assimilate to “normative” ways of being and behaving; and (5) identify acts of resistance. This article contributes an alternative to traditional HCI and design methods that falsely perpetuate a lens of neutrality and colorblindness that centers on whiteness, innovation, and capitalism and ignores the history of State-sanctioned violence and structural oppression.

Analysis Of Failed Business Products – The HCI Perspective

Most of the leading companies have increased their success through the growing use of HCI methods to avoid wasting precious investment money from failed deployments of inferior technologies and to generate new revenue by identifying under-served needs and then envisioning, designing, and testing innovative products and services that fulfill the under-served needs effectively. Our work aims at Analyzing and Improving various systems where failure to implement principles of HCI leads to failure of the overall business product like Google wave, Google Plus, Google catalogs. The methodology that we followed is collecting various real-time examples where business products failed due to lack of user satisfaction, analyzing these case studies based on HCI principles, and trying to provide an effective solution to make the system more usable. Keywords: User Satisfaction, Design Principles, Cognitive Science, Useful systems, safety-critical systems, design flaw impact, software defects, root causes.

Blockchain and Beyond: Understanding Blockchains Through Prototypes and Public Engagement

This article presents an annotated portfolio of projects that seek to understand and communicate the social and societal implications of blockchains, DLTs and smart contracts. These complex technologies rely on human and technical factors to deliver cryptocurrencies, shared computation and trustless protocols but have a secondary benefit in providing a moment to re-think many aspects of society, and imagine alternative possibilities. The projects use design and HCI methods to relate blockchains to a range of topics, including global supply chains, delivery infrastructure, smart grids, volunteering and charitable giving, through engaging public, exploring ideas and speculating on possible futures. Based on an extensive annotated portfolio we draw out learning for the design of blockchain systems, broadening participation and surfacing questions around imaginaries, social implications and engagement with new technology. This paints a comprehensive picture of how HCI and design can shape understandings of the future of complex technologies.

Special Issue on AI and HCI Methods and Techniques for Cultural Heritage Curation, Exploration and Fruition

The richness of tangible and intangible cultural heritage (CH) poses great opportunities and challenges in the development of successful information and communications technology (ICT) tools for its curation, exploration and fruition [...]

Noninvasive Human-Computer Interface Methods and Applications for Robotic Control: Past, Current, and Future.

The purpose of this study is to explore the noninvasive human-computer interaction methods that have been widely used in various fields, especially in the field of robot control. To have a deep understanding of the development of the methods, this paper employs “Mapping Knowledge Domains” (MKDs) to find research hotspots in the area to show the future potential development. Through the literature review, this paper found that there was a paradigm shift in the research of noninvasive BCI technologies for robotic control, which has occurred from early 2010 since the rapid development of machine learning, deep learning, and sensory technologies. This study further provides a trend analysis that the combination of data-driven methods with optimized algorithms and human-sensory-driven methods will be the key areas for the future noninvasive method development in robotic control. Based on the above findings, the paper provides a potential developing way of noninvasive HCI methods for related areas including health care, robotic system, and media.

Why you being WEIRD to me?

HCI researchers and practitioners of all backgrounds need to consider the role WEIRD-ness plays in HCI methods, research, and communities and the impact that has on marginalized communities.

Transitioning to Human Interaction with AI Systems: New Challenges and Opportunities for HCI Professionals to Enable Human-Centered AI

While AI has benefited humans, it may also harm humans if not appropriately developed. The priority of current HCI work should focus on transiting from conventional human interaction with non-AI computing systems to interaction with AI systems. We conducted a high-level literature review and a holistic analysis of current work in developing AI systems from an HCI perspective. Our review and analysis highlight the new changes introduced by AI technology and the new challenges that HCI professionals face when applying the human-centered AI (HCAI) approach in the development of AI systems. We also identified seven main issues in human interaction with AI systems, which HCI professionals did not encounter when developing non-AI computing systems. To further enable the implementation of the HCAI approach, we identified new HCI opportunities tied to specific HCAI-driven design goals to guide HCI professionals addressing these new issues. Finally, our assessment of current HCI methods shows the limitations of these methods in support of developing HCAI systems. We propose the alternative methods that can help overcome these limitations and effectively help HCI professionals apply the HCAI approach to the development of AI systems. We also offer strategic recommendation for HCI professionals to effectively influence the development of AI systems with the HCAI approach, eventually developing HCAI systems.

Human–Computer Interaction-Oriented African Literature and African Philosophy Appreciation

African literature has played a major role in changing and shaping perceptions about African people and their way of life for the longest time. Unlike western cultures that are associated with advanced forms of writing, African literature is oral in nature, meaning it has to be recited and even performed. Although Africa has an old tribal culture, African philosophy is a new and strange idea among us. Although the problem of “universality” of African philosophy actually refers to the question of whether Africa has heckling of philosophy in the Western sense, obviously, the philosophy bred by Africa’s native culture must be acknowledged. Therefore, the human–computer interaction-oriented (HCI-oriented) method is proposed to appreciate African literature and African philosophy. To begin with, a physical object of tablet-aid is designed, and a depth camera is used to track the user’s hand and tablet-aid and then map them to the virtual scene, respectively. Then, a tactile redirection method is proposed to meet the user’s requirement of tactile consistency in head-mounted display virtual reality environment. Finally, electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition, based on multiscale convolution kernel convolutional neural networks, is proposed to appreciate the reflection of African philosophy in African literature. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a strong immersion and a good interactive experience in navigation, selection, and manipulation. The proposed HCI method is not only easy to use, but also improves the interaction efficiency and accuracy during appreciation. In addition, the simulation of EEG emotion recognition reveals that the accuracy of emotion classification in 33-channel is 90.63%, almost close to the accuracy of the whole channel, and the proposed algorithm outperforms three baselines with respect to classification accuracy.

Human-Computer Interaction in Mobile Learning: A Review

Mobile learning mainly concerns mobility and high-quality education, regardless of location or time. Human-computer interaction comprises the concepts and methods in which humans interact with computers, including designing, im-plementing, and evaluating computer systems that are accessible and provide an intuitive user interface. Some studies showed that mobile learning could help overcome multiple limitations and improve learning in educational systems. The study investigates the HCI design challenges, including the guidelines and methods in mobile HCI for education. An existing mobile learning tool was discussed on the current and future design enhancements of Udemy. Next is the further discussion on future mobile learning to provide the possible improvements for learners based on the challenges of mobile HCI in education.

Introduction to the Special Issue on First-Person Methods in HCI

In this introduction to the special issue on First-Person Methods in (Human-Computer Interaction) HCI, we present a brief overview of first-person methods, their origin, and their use in Human-Computer Interaction. We also detail the difference between first-person methods, second-person, and third-person methods, as a way to guide the reader when engaging the special issue articles. We articulate our motivation for putting together this special issue: we wanted a collection of works that would allow HCI researchers to develop further, define, and outline practices, techniques and implications of first-person methods. We trace links between the articles in this special issue and conclude with questions and directions for future work in this methodological space: working with boundaries, risk, and accountability.

PLIERS

Programming language design requires making many usability-related design decisions. However, existing HCI methods can be impractical to apply to programming languages: languages have high iteration costs, programmers require significant learning time, and user performance has high variance. To address these problems, we adapted both formative and summative HCI methods to make them more suitable for programming language design. We integrated these methods into a new process, PLIERS, for designing programming languages in a user-centered way. We assessed PLIERS by using it to design two new programming languages. Glacier extends Java to enable programmers to express immutability properties effectively and easily. Obsidian is a language for blockchains that includes verification of critical safety properties. Empirical studies showed that the PLIERS process resulted in languages that could be used effectively by many programmers and revealed additional opportunities for language improvement.

KENYAMANAN IKLIM LOKASI WISATA BERBASIS ALAM DI KAWASAN TROPIS

This research reveals visitors perceptions of climate comfort in nature-based tourism areas in Ecopark Ancol, Bogor Botanical Gardens (KRB) and Cibodas Botanical Gardens (KRC). In addition to calculating the comfort score using the TCI and HCI methods and modifying their thermal aspects, a survey was also carried out in all three tourism areas simultaneously. The survey was conducted to collect data on climate comfort perceptions and the role of the weather on these comfort. A total of 793 respondents participated in this study. The majority of visitors stated that the weather affected the comfort of the climate during the tour. But weather conditions do not fully influence decisions in the selection of tourist visits. The level of perceived climate comfort for the three tourism sites namely Ecopark was perceived as neutral (57.3%), KRB was perceived as comfortable (60%) and KRC was perceived as comfortable (78.4%). While based on the score calculation approaching the survey results in Ecopark is TCI index modified in its thermal aspect with PET Tianjin (57.2). KRB is HCI without modification (59) and KRC is HCI modified by its thermal aspect with PET Tianjin (77.6). Statistically there are significant differences between sex, age, education level and topography. By understanding visitor perceptions, strategies and appropriate actions can be developed to increase comfort in the nature-based tourism industry.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN KENYAMANAN IKLIM LOKASI WISATA BERBASIS ALAM DI ECO-PARK ANCOL, KEBUN RAYA BOGOR DAN KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

This research explores the characteristics and comfort of climate in nature-based tourism areas in Ancol Eco-Park (EPA) (3masl), Bogor Botanical Gardens (KRB)(260 masl) and Cibodas Botanical Gardens (KRC) (1340 masl). Climate characteristics use the Schmidt-Ferguson and Koppen classifications. Calculation of climate comfort scores using TCI and HCI methods and modifying the thermal aspects. In addition to surveys with questionnaires, measurements of temperature, humidity and wind speed were carried out in all three regions simultaneously. Climate classification according to Schmidt-Ferguson obtained by KRB is type A climate, EPA and KRC are type C climate. Classification according to Koppen, the three regions include the climate of the tropical rainforest namely EPA (Am), KRB and KRC (Af). The vegetation component dominates the three tourist areas with a percentage of over 60% of the tourist areas. The climate comfort index based on calculations results in a comfortable KRC area throughout the year while EPA and KRB are comfortable in the dry season. Comparison of comfort index based on calculations with visitor perceptions results in thermal aspects for the tropics needing to be modified. From 12:00-12:59 WIB to 13:00-13:59 WIB, the most uncomfortable hours of the day. Temperature intervals with comfortable categories are 25.2°C - 29.0°C or effective temperatures between 20.5°C - 24.6°C.

HCI for health and wellbeing: Challenges and opportunities

In terms of Human–Computer Interaction, healthcare presents paradoxes: on the one hand, there is substantial investment in innovative health technologies, particularly around “big data” analytics and personal health technologies; on the other hand, most interactive health technologies that are currently deployed at scale are difficult to use and few innovative technologies have achieved significant market penetration. We live in a time of change, with a shift from care being delivered by professionals towards people being expected to be actively engaged and involved in shared decision making. Technically, this shift is supported by novel health technologies and information resources; culturally, the pace of change varies across contexts. In this paper, I present a “space” of interactive health technologies, users and uses, and interdependencies between them. Based on a review of the past and present, I highlight opportunities for and challenges to the application of HCI methods in the design and deployment of digital health technologies. These include threats to privacy, patient trust and experience, and opportunities to deliver healthcare and empower people to manage their health and wellbeing in ways that better fit their lives and values.

A non-contact human-computer interaction application design based on electrostatic current of human body

This paper puts forward a non-contact Human-Computer Interaction HCI method applied to game control based on electrostatic current of human body. By setting an electrode array, the induced current signals generated on the electrodes caused by hand motions can be measured by detection circuit and collected into PC by NI series M high-speed data acquisition device PXI6259. The direction of a hand motion can be figured out by processing the signals with LabVIEW programming. Furthermore, a game Mary programmed by LabVIEW can be played with this non-contact HCI technique, the corresponding hand motions: up, down, left and right can control the jump, squat, backward and forward motions of the game object Mary. After repeated experiments, the feasibility of this method has been proved. Namely, a non-contact controlling of a game can be realised with the HCI method based on electrostatic current of human body.

“Without the clutter of unimportant words”

Keyphrases aid the exploration of text collections by communicating salient aspects of documents and are often used to create effective visualizations of text. While prior work in HCI and visualization has proposed a variety of ways of presenting keyphrases, less attention has been paid to selecting the best descriptive terms. In this article, we investigate the statistical and linguistic properties of keyphrases chosen by human judges and determine which features are most predictive of high-quality descriptive phrases. Based on 5,611 responses from 69 graduate students describing a corpus of dissertation abstracts, we analyze characteristics of human-generated keyphrases, including phrase length, commonness, position, and part of speech. Next, we systematically assess the contribution of each feature within statistical models of keyphrase quality. We then introduce a method for grouping similar terms and varying the specificity of displayed phrases so that applications can select phrases dynamically based on the available screen space and current context of interaction. Precision-recall measures find that our technique generates keyphrases that match those selected by human judges. Crowdsourced ratings of tag cloud visualizations rank our approach above other automatic techniques. Finally, we discuss the role of HCI methods in developing new algorithmic techniques suitable for user-facing applications.