Game Method Research Articles

Measuring an artificial intelligence language model’s trust in humans using machine incentives

Will advanced artificial intelligence (AI) language models exhibit trust toward humans? Gauging an AI model’s trust in humans is challenging because—absent costs for dishonesty—models might respond falsely about trusting humans. Accordingly, we devise a method for incentivizing machine decisions without altering an AI model’s underlying algorithms or goal orientation and we employ the method in trust games between an AI model from OpenAI and a human experimenter (namely, author TJ). We find that the AI model exhibits behavior consistent with trust in humans at higher rates when facing actual incentives than when making hypothetical decisions—a finding that is robust to prompt phrasing and the method of game play. Furthermore, trust decisions appear unrelated to the magnitude of stakes and additional experiments indicate that they do not reflect a non-social preference for uncertainty.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY IN READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH GAMES AT SMPN 259 JAKARTA

This research aims to improve mastery of English vocabulary in reading comprehension through the use of game methods at SMPN 259 Jakarta. The type of research used is classroom action research using the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The subjects in this research were 33 students in class VIII at SMPN 259. The research took place over three cycles and each cycle consisted of one meeting. Data collection techniques use observation techniques and need analysis tests. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. The results of the research show that the use of the games method can improve vocabulary mastery and students' learning outcomes in reading comprehension. In the pretest vocabulary activity, the class average score was 71.75, while the reading value was 68.18. After being given treatment for 3 cycles, the average post-test vocabulary score was 91.13 and the post-test reading score was 86.95. With this, it can be concluded that through the game method, students' reading comprehension ability increased by 27%.

A Repeated Game-Based Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Mitigation Method for Mining Pools

A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a prevalent issue in the blockchain network layer, causing significant revenue loss for honest mining pools. This paper introduces a novel method, the Repeated Game-based DDoS attack mitigation (RGD), to address this problem. Unlike traditional methods such as game theory and machine learning-based detection, the RGD method can effectively reflect the changes in mining revenue and strategies under different network-strength environments. In particular, we abstract the problem of DDoS mining pool revenue loss into a game revenue model and propose the subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) approach to solve the optimal payoffs and pool strategies in various network environments. Furthermore, we address the returns of mining pools in an infinitely repeated game environment using the Two-Stage Repeated Game (TSRG) method, where the strategy varies with different network environments. The Matlab experimental simulation results indicate that as the network environment improves, the optimal mining strategies of mining pools are gradually shifting from honest strategies to launching DDoS attacks against each other. The RGD method can effectively represent the impact of changes in the network environment on the mining pool’s strategy selection and optimal revenue. Consequently, with the changing network environment, the optimal revenue of the mining pool only increases by 10% of the revenue loss during a DDoS attack.

How can Small Sided Game training methods (3 vs 3 and 6 vs 6) and VO2max affect basic soccer skills?

Study purpose. Mastering the fundamentals of soccer is essential for skill development. Therefore, employing effective training techniques becomes crucial to enhance these fundamental soccer skills. This study aims to discern: (1) Variations in the impact of the 3 vs. 3 small-sided game method compared to the 6 vs. 6 small-sided game method on fundamental soccer skills; (2) Disparities in the impact of high and low VO2max levels on fundamental soccer skills; and (3) The repercussions of the interaction between the 3 vs. 3 small-sided game method and the 6 vs. 6 small-sided game method in conjunction with VO2max levels (high and low). Materials and Methods. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used for this experimental study methodology. 24 athletes, including 12 from the Sports Talent School (STS) West Sumatra football academy and 12 from the Indonesia Muda Soccer School, served as the research subjects. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test is the tool used to measure VO2max. The "David Lee" competence test has been adopted as the yardstick for gauging fundamental soccer abilities. Two-way ANOVA was the method of data analysis employed, with a significance level of 0.05. Results. The study's findings are outlined as follows: (1) Indicated by a significance value of (p=0.009<0.05), there exists a disparity in the impact of training between the 3 vs. 3 small-sided game and the 6 vs. 6 small-sided game on fundamental soccer skills. With an average posttest difference of 1.69 seconds, the 3 vs. 3 small-sided game training approach proves superior to the 6 vs. 6 small-sided game method. (2) A significance value of (p=0.005<0.05) suggests a distinction in the effects of high and low VO2max levels on fundamental soccer skills. Displaying a posttest average difference of 6.23 seconds, higher VO2max levels are more advantageous than lower ones. (3) With a significance p value of 0.018<0.05, it is evident that an interaction exists among the 3 vs. 3 small-sided game, 6 vs. 6 small-sided game, and VO2max levels (high, low) concerning fundamental soccer skills. Cunclotion. based on outcomes The investigation found a strong relationship between the interaction of training techniques and VO2max on fundamental soccer playing abilities. These findings can be employed in the training of fundamental soccer game skills as a guide. Keywords: Small Sided Game, VO2max, Basic Skills, Football.

Edukasi Bahaya Perilaku Seks Bebas Generasi Gen Z Di SMK Mathla’ul Anwar Sukalangu Pandeglang

Generation Z or the so-called Internet generation, the generation of teenagers who will replace the current Millennial generation, is expected to usher in a new era of technological development. Due to the strong influence of Internet technology, there are concerns that it will not only change the mindset of Generation Z, but also turn something taboo into an illegitimate social tradition. Developed and interesting educational activities about the risks of free sex are expected to provide enough knowledge to the younger generation so as not to do things that can endanger their reproductive health in the future. Generation Z Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Using the Edugame Method for Students of SMK Mathla’ul Anwar Sukalang, Pandeglang Regency. The results of this community service show that students are equally aware of the dangers of free sex. This method of educational and counseling games accompanied by animated videos is one of the persuasive activities that effectively make students aware of the dangers of free sex.

Methods of communicative games to restore the psycho-physical state of young people

The article discusses the possibilities of using communicative games, the basis of which is the Kyrgyz language. Holding such games not only has a beneficial effect on the condition of young people, but also develops universal competencies. As a result of the study, several types of communicative games have been developed, which include lexical, role-playing and interactive games. The methodology of their implementation was tested in the course of a pedagogical experiment. One of the main achievements established as a result of the experiment is the development of language skills, the formation of social, cultural, professional and other competencies. The developed methods can be used in educational activities, for example, for the adaptation of foreign students when exporting Kyrgyz education.

The effect of escape room clinical evaluation method on satisfaction, learning, and preparedness to practice as interns of nursing students: A quasi-experimental quantitative study.

Clinical evaluation utilizing the escape room game is recognized as a novel method for assessing the team-oriented performance of learners. It is a tool for evaluating teamwork skills in clinical settings, which can boost student motivation and learning. This study aimed to investigate the effect of clinical evaluation through escape rooms and feedback provision through the PEARLS (promoting excellence and reflective learning in simulation) approach on pre-internship nursing students' satisfaction, learning, and preparedness to practice as interns. The current research is a quasi-experimental quantitative study conducted with a census sample of 42 sixth-semester undergraduate nursing students in 2022. The escape room method was utilized to evaluate entry preparedness into the clinical field. Reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaires were administered to assess the impact of the intervention on learning, satisfaction, and preparedness. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive and inferential tests. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. Twenty-six males and 16 females constituted the 42 participants (mean age: 23.46 years). The clinical evaluation method of the escape room game was deemed satisfactory or highly satisfactory by 80% of students. From the perspective of 72% of students, escape rooms were definitely or highly effective in shaping their preparedness to enter the clinical field. Comparing the students' mean learning scores (self-assessment of clinical skills) before and after the test revealed that their post-test scores (55/16 ± 13/33) were significantly higher than their pre-test scores (45/58 ± 16/58) (P < 0.001). It appears that using the escape room evaluation method in conjunction with other student evaluation methods has helped improve students' interpersonal communication, problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and teamwork. The experience of working in a group not only improves these skills and is enjoyable to students but can also enhance their learning. Clinical education is dependent on teamwork. The escape room test can be viewed as a valuable tool for encouraging students to collaborate as a team. Therefore, it is suggested that students in all medical education groups be evaluated clinically using this test.

Optimal Evolution Strategy for Continuous Strategy Games on Complex Networks via Reinforcement Learning.

This article presents an optimal evolution strategy for continuous strategy games on complex networks via reinforcement learning (RL). In the past, evolutionary game theory usually assumed that agents use the same selection intensity when interacting, ignoring the differences in their learning abilities and learning willingness. Individuals are reluctant to change their strategies too much. Therefore, we design an adaptive strategy updating framework with various selection intensities for continuous strategy games on complex networks based on imitation dynamics, allowing agents to achieve the optimal state and a higher cooperation level with the minimal strategy changes. The optimal updating strategy is acquired using a coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation by minimizing the performance function. This function aims to maximize individual payoffs while minimizing strategy changes. Furthermore, a value iteration (VI) RL algorithm is proposed to approximate the HJB solutions and learn the optimal strategy updating rules. The RL algorithm employs actor and critic neural networks to approximate strategy changes and performance functions, along with the gradient descent weight update approach. Meanwhile, the stability and convergence of the proposed methods have been proved by the designed Lyapunov function. Simulations validate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed methods in different games and complex networks.

Distributed Adaptive Flocking Control for Large-Scale Multiagent Systems.

This article presents a novel distributed flocking control method for large-scale multiagent systems (LS-MASs) operating in uncertain environments. When dealing with a massive number of flocking agents in uncertain environments, existing flocking methods encounter the problem of communication complexity and "Curse of dimensionality" caused by the exponential growth of agent interactions while solving PDE-based optimal flocking control for large-scale systems. The mean field game (MFG) method addresses this issue by transforming interactions among all agents into the interaction of each individual agent with average effects represented by a probability density function (pdf) of other agents. However, relying solely on a pdf term to consider other agents' states can result in inefficient flocking performance due to the absence of a proficient coordination mechanism encompassing all agents involved in flocking. To overcome these difficulties and achieve the desired flocking performance for LS-MASs, the agents are decomposed into a finite number of subgroups. Each subgroup comprises a leader and followers, and a hybrid game theory is developed to manage both inter-and intragroup interactions. The method incorporates a cooperative game that links leaders from different groups to formulate distributed flocking control, a Stackelberg game that teams up leaders and followers within the same group to extend collective flocking behavior, and an MFG for followers to address the challenges of LS-MASs. Furthermore, to achieve distributed adaptive flocking using the hybrid game structure, we propose a hierarchical actor-critic-mass-based reinforcement learning technique. This approach incorporates a multiactor-critic method for leaders and an actor-critic-mass algorithm for followers, enabling adaptive flocking control in a distributed manner for large-scale agents. Finally, numerical simulation including comparison study and Lyapunov analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed method.

Learning Human Behavior in Shared Control: Adaptive Inverse Differential Game Approach.

To enhance the collaborative intelligence of a machine, it is important for the machine to understand what behavior a human may adopt to interact with the machine when performing a task in shared control. In this study, an online behavior learning method is proposed for continuous-time linear human-in-the-loop shared control systems by using the system state data only. A two-player nonzero-sum linear quadratic dynamic game paradigm is used for modeling the control interaction between a human operator and an automation that actively compensates for human control action. In this game model, the cost function representing the human behavior is assumed to have an unknown weighting matrix. Here, we want to learn the human behavior or retrieve the weighting matrix by using the system state data only. Accordingly, a new adaptive inverse differential game (IDG) method, which integrates concurrent learning (CL) and linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization, is proposed. First, a CL-based adaptive law and an interactive controller of the automation are developed to estimate the feedback gain matrix of the human online, and second, an LMI optimization problem is solved to determine the weighting matrix of the human cost function. Finally, simulation results on a cooperative shared control driver assistance system are provided to elucidate the feasibility of the developed method.

A Potential Game Approach to Target Assignment in Heterogeneous Manned/Unmanned Aerial Team with Incomplete Information

This brief proposes a potential game method in a dis-tributed manner to address the target assignment problem with incomplete information in heterogeneous manned/unmanned aer-ial teams. Firstly, a heterogeneous system is formulated as a graph and different utility functions are designed to characterize the util-ities of the two kinds of members. Secondly, a local information matrix is developed for each member to infer the actions of others. Finally, an improved learning algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal solution. Simulation results show the feasibility and effec-tiveness of the potential game approach with information esti-mates.

Data element investment strategy: How can leaders and followers innovate in dynamic market environments.

In the era of the digital economy, the data element investment strategy decisions and game mechanisms of leaders and followers are crucial issues to be studied. To explore the environment in which digital collaboration between enterprises benefits both parties, this study initially proposes a three-stage game model of leaders and followers based on the sequential game method. Subsequently, we analyze the investment strategy choices for leading and following enterprises across six scenarios within dynamic market environments. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to examine the effect of both strategies on the industry and society as a whole. The simulation shows that (1) The cooperation strategy is a more effective approach for enhancing data-driven innovation performance, but when it comes to mature markets, this strategy may conflict with the interests of followers. (2) Followers can benefit from the cooperation strategy by significantly boosting the growth rate of data elements, but it may cause enterprises to lose their original market scale. (3) Excessively high initial production costs can negatively affect the innovative performance of the industry and social wealth, whereas mature industries can achieve greater industry performance and social welfare through investment in data elements. Considering the environmental characteristics of the digital economy, the findings of this study elucidate the ramifications of innovation strategies on enterprises, industries, and society, providing positive insights for two types of enterprises with different strengths to make apt decisions regarding digital cooperation.

Research on pricing and financing strategy of dual-channel closed-loop supply chain considering recycling channel competition

This paper investigates the pricing and financing strategies of a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain consisting of a financially constrained manufacturer, a retailer and a third-party recycler that competes with the manufacturer for recycling, considering the various financing options available to the manufacturer. The profit functions of the supply chain members with no capital constraint, no capital constraint, equity financing, bank financing and retailer equity financing are constructed respectively. The optimal decision of the closed-loop supply chain under different scenarios and the capital boundary of the manufacturer’s debt financing are determined based on the Stackelberg game method and the Kuhn-Tucker conditional approach. The results show that: (1) increased competition for recycling has a negative impact on all supply chain members, and an increase in the manufacturer’s own funds when the manufacturer is financially constrained reduces channel pricing, increases recycling rates and increases member profits; (2) an increase in the retailer’s share of the dividend leads to a reduction in the manufacturer’s direct sales price and recycling price and an increase in the wholesale price, but the retailer is still profitable and reduces retail prices and increases recycling rates. (3) A high or low equity dividend ratio will lead the manufacturer to choose bank financing when the manufacturer has little initial capital, and to choose no financing when the manufacturer has more initial capital. (4) An increase in own funds reduces the threshold and range of equity dividends for retailer entry financing, and an increase in the recycling competition factor has the opposite effect. (5) As consumers’ online channel preferences increase, retailers are willing to enter into financing partnerships with manufacturers within a range of dividends, regardless of the manufacturer’s initial capital level.

The Influence of Using 'CAPAT'-Based Educational Game Media on Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Interest of Students in Civic Education (PPKN) at Ar-Rohmaniyyah High School

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) The effect of the use of educational game-based learning media "CAPAT" on students' critical thinking skills. (2) The effect of using educational game-based learning media "CAPAT" on learning interest in PPKn subjects of Arrohmaniyah High School. (3) The use of educational game-based learning media "CAPAT" for critical thinking skills and learning interest in PPKn subjects of Arrohmaniyah High School. The method уаng dіgunаkаn dаlаm реngаmbіlаn data раdа реnеlіtіаn іnі i.e. mеnggunаkаn mеtоdе "рurроѕіvе ѕаmрlіng". The results obtained showed that: (1) There was a significant influence of variable X (Use of CAPAT Educational Games) on variable Y (critical thinking skills) in class XII of SMA Arrohmaniyah Tambelangan, Sampang Regency. The value of the Correlation Coefficient is 0.566, meaning that the influence of variable X (Use of CAPAT Educational Games) on variable Y (critical thinking ability) is 56.6%. (2) There is no significant influence of variable X (Use of CAPAT Educational Games) on variable Y (Student learning interest) in class XII of SMA Arrohmaniyah Tambelangan Sampang Regency, the influence of variable X (Use of CAPAT Educational Games) on variable Y (Student learning interest) is only 0.5%. (3) The CAPAT educational game method can increase students' interest in learning and their critical thinking skills in PPKn subjects at SMA Arrohmaniyah Tambelangan Sampang

A Study on Digital Technology Enabling Smart Transformation of Fitness for All

Abstract With the rapid development of information technology, digital technology provides a new way to realize national fitness activities. This study constructs an evaluation system for national fitness wisdom transformation using hierarchical analysis to explore the effectiveness of the current national fitness wisdom transformation. Secondly, it objectively analyzes the public service transformation of national fitness in the digital era through the rooted theory. It combines it with the evolutionary game method to construct a model of the influencing factors of national fitness wisdom transformation. Finally, taking City Z as an example, we carry out the actual measurement of national fitness wisdom transformation and explore the better path of its transformation through numerical simulation. The results show that the total score of the national fitness wisdom transformation in City Z is 95.96, and the transformation has achieved significant results. Finally, when the transformation and upgrading cost, service mode digitalization ability, data collection and analysis ability, and digital platform construction level are optimal, the effect of national fitness smart transformation tends to be 1. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for a smart transformation of national fitness.

Game Analysis on the Evolution of Elderly Service Regulation in the Context of Aging Society

Abstract In the contemporary era of increasing population aging, improving the service quality of senior care institutions and optimizing the regulatory behavior of multiple subjects has become a hot topic in society nowadays. Based on the welfare plurality theory and Li Yapunov theory, this paper analyzes the behavior of the government, senior care institutions, and the elderly in the regulation of senior care institutions, establishes a game model for the regulation of senior care institutions, and analyzes the mutual influence of the behavior of the multiple subjects in the regulation of senior care institutions by using the evolutionary game method. The results show that the service quality of senior care institutions is affected by many aspects, and with time, the rate at which senior care institutions, the government and the elderly converge to the equilibrium strategy becomes smaller and smaller, and the system will eventually reach a stable state at (1,1,1) (i.e., active government supervision, self-regulation of senior care institutions, and supervision of the elderly), and the government has a certain role in leading the optimization of senior care institutions’ supervision behaviors. This study has practical value for improving the quality of services offered by senior care institutions, meeting the senior care needs of elderly individuals, and enhancing collaborative governance among multiple stakeholders.

Applying the Guess-the-Animal-Name Game Method in the IPAS Subject for Grade 3 at MI Nurul Islam Gedangmas, Randuagung Subdistrict

Learning through game-based methods is a crucial aspect of the learning process because it can create a dynamic learning environment, fostering an enjoyable, serious, and relaxed atmosphere. This research aims to implement the animal name-guessing game method as a teaching strategy in the IPAS subject for 3rd grade students at MI Nurul Islam. This game method is designed to enhance student engagement, reinforce understanding of animal concepts, and create a pleasant learning environment. The research adopts a qualitative approach to understand the phenomena related to the research subject in a natural context. Data sources encompass various types of information obtained by the researcher from the research subjects, who may act as respondents or informants. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews with teachers as the primary method to gather relevant information. Data analysis follows the model described by Miles and Huberman. The findings of this research indicate that the animal name guessing game method can be an effective alternative in improving IPAS learning in 3rd-grade classes at MI Nurul Islam. The implications of this research can serve as a guide for teachers and stakeholders in developing innovative and engaging teaching strategies to enrich students' learning experiences at the elementary education level.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SHOOTING TRAINING MODEL USING THE REPETITION METHOD IN BASKETBALL FOR AGED 12-14 YEARS

This study aims to determine the improvement of shooting skills in basketball games with the repetition method in basketball games for ages 12-14 years. This research was conducted from May-June 2023. The subjects in this study were 45 players aged 12-14 years. This research focuses on testing the effectiveness of developing a shooting technique training model with the repetition method, therefore the approach and method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental research design in the form of the one group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis used the inferential analysis was carried out using the T test, with a significance test (α) = 0.05. In the significant difference test with SPSS 16, the average value = 1.778 shows the difference from the results of the pre-test and post-test, df = 44, the results of t count = 11.212 &gt; t table 1.680 (from n = 45) and p-value = 0.00 &lt;0.05, which means there is a significant difference between before and after being treated with the basketball shooting training model with the repetition method. The conclusion is that the basketball shooting exercise model with the repetition method is effective and provides an increase in the shooting skills of children aged 12-14 years

Efficiency of using interactive means of theoretical training of swimmers 8-10 years old

Purpose: substantiating and developing the structure and content of theoretical training of swimmers at the stage of initial training and determining the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training on the level of theoretical training of athletes.&#x0D; Material and methods. A sociological survey by means of a questionnaire was conducted among qualified swimmers and trainers-teachers in order to establish the actual problems of the theoretical training of swimmers.&#x0D; The total number of interviewed qualified swimmers was 32 people, the average age of the interviewed athletes was 17.40±0.48 years, 68% were male, 32% were female. The experience of playing sports is 10.62±0.47 years.&#x0D; The total number of interviewed coaches was 17 people. Among the interviewees were 3 coaches of the highest category, 1 of them is an honored coach of Ukraine, 6 people are coaches of the first category, 8 people are coaches of the second category; the average age of the interviewees was 43.49 ± 0.44, 65% were male, 35% were female.&#x0D; Young swimmers aged 8–10, who were practicing at the stage of initial training, took part in the pedagogical experiment. The total number of athletes was 19 people. Two experimental groups were formed, in the preparation of which both generally accepted means and methods of theoretical training were used, as well as the author's interactive means using the game method.&#x0D; Mathematical and statistical processing of the research results was carried out using such criteria as: Shapiro-Wilkie (to check the normality of the distribution of the studied indicators of swimmers), Student's t-test (for independent and dependent samples in the case of normal data distribution), Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon (in the absence of a normal distribution of data); correlation analysis between the competitive result and the level of theoretical preparedness of swimmers at the stage of initial training.&#x0D; The results. Educational and training classes according to the developed program with the use of the author's interactive means of theoretical training contributed to a reliable (p&lt;0.001) increase in the general level of theoretical training of swimmers at the stage of initial training by 161.00%. At the same time, educational and training classes with the use of theoretical training tools provided by the state curriculum turned out to be less effective and contributed to an increase in the overall level of theoretical training of young swimmers by only 39.87%.&#x0D; Conclusions. Theoretical training is an integral part of the system of training athletes. The use of interactive means of theoretical training with the use of the game method (computer games) in the process of theoretical training of young swimmers significantly increases its effectiveness, in contrast to classes in which only traditional means and methods were used (study of special literature, story, conversation, demonstration of stands, documentaries) theoretical training. At the same time, it was established that there are no gender differences between the indicators of theoretical readiness of boys and girls swimmers 8-10 years old. In addition, a high correlation was found between the general level of theoretical preparedness of swimmers of the main group and the time to cover the competitive distance of 50 m, which indicates that with an increase in the level of theoretical preparation, the time to cover the competitive distance decreases.

Menciptakan ABK yang Cerdas dan Berkarakter

The aim of this community service is to help children's psychomotor development to control body movements through coordinated activities between the central nerve and muscles through games, hone children's abilities through coloring sketches, and provide reinforcement and motivation for children with special needs so that children do not inferior and able to compete in the world of education like other children. This activity was carried out at SLB Negeri Ende. The methods used in this service activity are game methods, socialization approaches and lectures. The results of the activity show that children are more enthusiastic about learning, because the material provided is material that is combined with games, so that lessons are more fun for children and not boring. The conclusion of this service is that the community service activities carried out are expected to improve the concentration and learning abilities of children with special needs at SLB. Negeri Ende