Biomechanical Methods Research Articles

Cardiorespiratory Response to Workload Volume and Ergonomic Risk: Automotive Assembly Line Operators’ Adaptations

Repetitive tasks can lead to long-term cardiovascular problems due to continuous strain and inadequate recovery. The automobile operators on the assembly line are exposed to these risks when workload volume changes according to the workstation type. However, the current ergonomic assessments focus primarily on observational and, in some cases, biomechanical methods that are subjective and time-consuming, overlooking cardiorespiratory adaptations. This study aimed to analyze the cardiorespiratory response to distinct workload volumes and ergonomic risk (ER) scores for an automotive assembly line. Sixteen male operators (age = 38 ± 8 years; BMI = 25 ± 3 kg·m2) volunteered from three workstations (H1, H2, and H3) with specific work cycle duration (1, 3, and 5 min respectively). Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP), and accelerometer (ACC) data were collected during their shift. The results showed significant differences from the first to the last 10 min, where H3 had its SDRRi reduced (p = 0.014), H1’s phase synchrony and H2’s coordination between thoracic and abdominal movements decreased (p < 0.001, p = 0.039). In terms of ergonomic risk, the moderate-high rank showed a reduction in SDRRi (p = 0.037) and moderate-risk activities had diminished phase synchrony (p = 0.018) and correlation (p = 0.004). Thus, the explored parameters could have the potential to develop personalized workplace adaptation and risk assessment systems.

Comparative analysis of traction forces in normal and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells within a 3D, active fluid-structure interaction culture environment

This study presents a 3D in vitro cell culture model, meticulously 3D printed to replicate the conventional aqueous outflow pathway anatomical structure, facilitating the study of trabecular meshwork (TM) cellular responses under glaucomatous conditions. Glaucoma affects TM cell functionality, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, enhanced cell-ECM adhesion, and obstructed aqueous humor outflow. Our model, reconstructed from polyacrylamide gel with elastic moduli of 1.5 and 21.7 kPa, is based on serial block-face scanning electron microscopy images of the outflow pathway. It allows for quantifying 3D, depth-dependent, dynamic traction forces exerted by both normal and glaucomatous TM cells within an active fluid-structure interaction (FSI) environment. In our experimental design, we designed two scenarios: a control group with TM cells observed over 20 hours without flow (static setting), focusing on intrinsic cellular contractile forces, and a second scenario incorporating active FSI to evaluate its impact on traction forces (dynamic setting). Our observations revealed that active FSI results in higher traction forces (normal: 1.83-fold and glaucoma: 2.24-fold) and shear strains (normal: 1.81-fold and glaucoma: 2.41-fold), with stiffer substrates amplifying this effect. Glaucomatous cells consistently exhibited larger forces than normal cells. Increasing gel stiffness led to enhanced stress fiber formation in TM cells, particularly in glaucomatous cells. Exposure to active FSI dramatically altered actin organization in both normal and glaucomatous TM cells, particularly affecting cortical actin stress fiber arrangement. This model while preliminary offers a new method in understanding TM cell biomechanics and ECM stiffening in glaucoma, highlighting the importance of FSI in these processes. Statement of significanceThis pioneering project presents an advanced 3D in vitro model, meticulously replicating the human trabecular meshwork's anatomy for glaucoma research. It enables precise quantification of cellular forces in a dynamic fluid-structure interaction, a leap forward from existing 2D models. This advancement promises significant insights into trabecular meshwork cell biomechanics and the stiffening of the extracellular matrix in glaucoma, offering potential pathways for innovative treatments. This research is positioned at the forefront of ocular disease study, with implications that extend to broader biomedical applications.

Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Oil- and Water-Resistant Paper Using Holo-Lignocellulosic Nanofibril (LCNF)-Based Composite Coating.

In the present study, an environmentally friendly oil- and water-resistant paper was developed using a holo-lignocellulosic nanofibril (LCNF)-based composite coating. The LCNF was prepared from wheat straw using a biomechanical method. Characterizations of oil- and water-resistant coated paper and the effect of LCNF content on the performance of the coated paper were confirmed by combining contact angle analysis, Cobb 300s, and mechanical performance tests. The results show that the barrier performance and mechanical strength of the coated paper were greatly improved with the increase of LCNF content. The contact angle of oil and water of coated paper containing 50% LCNF were 69° and 78°, respectively, while the contact angle of oil and water of the base paper were only 30° and 20°, respectively. Cobb 300s values reduced from 110 g/m2 to 30 g/m2 when the LCNF content increased from 50% to 90%. Moreover, under the coating amount of 20 g/m2, the tensile strength of the coating paper was 0.980 KN/m, an increase of 10.11% compared with the base paper. The bursting strength reached 701.930 KPa, which was 10.75% higher than the base paper. In short, it is feasible to prepare LCNF from wheat straw, and apply it to produce water-proof and oil-proof paper. The water-proof and oil-proof paper developed in this study not only offers a novel approach to addressing white pollution but also presents a new research avenue for exploring the potential applications of agricultural waste.

Biomechanical evaluation of a modified intramedullary nail for the treatment of unstable femoral trochanteric fractures

BackgroundThe Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) device is the most commonly used implant to fix unstable femoral trochanteric fractures (UFTFs), but it has a relatively high incidence of complications. Due to this factor, the modified intramedullary nail (MIN) was created to treat patients with UFTFs. The aim was to exhibit the MIN and make a comparison with PFNA and InterTAN using biomechanical methods. MethodsAn adult UFTF model was developed using Mimics software. The PFNA, InterTAN nail, and MIN models were drawn referring to the corresponding parameters and installed in the fracture models. Vertical, anteroposterior (AP) bending, and torsion loads of the femoral head were set in advance and loaded onto the fracture models. The value of maximal displacement and von Mises stress was evaluated via finite element analysis (FEA). ResultsThe MIN model had smaller values for maximal displacement than that of the PFNA model, and the increase in displacement was less pronounced for the MIN compared to PFNA under increasing vertical loads. For the indicator of von Mises stress, the MIN model showed lower stress compared with the PFNA model in vertical loads ranging from 300 N to 2100 N. Except for the maximal stress at implants under AP bending loads, the MIN demonstrated the most superior biomechanical properties under AP bending and torsional loads. ConclusionThe MIN offered obvious advantages in terms of mechanical stability and stress distribution among the three studied implants, providing a promising implant option for patients with UFTFs.

Virtual and analytical self-expandable braided stent treatment models

The Flow Diverter is a self-expandable braided stent that has helped improve the effectiveness of cerebral aneurysm treatment during the last decade. The Flow Diverter's efficiency heavily relies on proper decision-making during the pre-operative phase, which is currently based on static measurements that fail to account for vessel or tissue deformation. In the context of providing realistic measurements, a biomechanical computational method is designed to aid physicians in predicting patient-specific treatment outcomes. The method integrates virtual and analytical treatment models, validated against experimental mechanical tests, and two patient treatment outcomes. In the case of both patients, deployed stent length was one of the validated result parameters, which displayed an error inferior to 1.5% for the virtual and analytical models. These results indicated both models' accuracy. However, the analytical model provided more accurate results with a 0.3% error while requiring a lower computational cost for length prediction. This computational method can offer designing and testing platforms for predicting possible intervention-related complications, patient-specific medical device designs, and pre-operative planning to automate interventional procedures.

Progress in Ski Jumping Technology Based on Biomechanical Sport Research Methods

(1) Background: Previous studies have compared research into ski jumping in different motor processes, but there is a lack of comparative analysis of the biomechanical research methods used to investigate different ski jumping sports. (2) Content: Our study compared the advantages and disadvantages of six research methods and proposes future research directions. Motion video collection and analysis show that controlling angular momentum and achieving stable flight attitude in the take-off process are the most critical factors in ski jumping performance. Most research on force platforms focuses on dynamic performance at the time of take-off, but there are few training sites with an embedded force platform, and so, more empirical research is required. Wearable inertial measurement units, including gyroscopes and accelerometers, can be used to determine a series of forces, calculate the joint angle, and speculate the position of the centroid during motion. Surface EMG studies are primarily used to compare the activity characteristics of the lower limb muscles in the actual field of the jump, the exercise simulation, and the lack of complete training process data. Wind tunnel measurement can satisfy fluid mechanics simulation experiments and provide theoretical support for optimizing special ski jumping technology. Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics, the optimal drag reduction posture data of ski jumpers can be derived using computer simulations. (3) Conclusions: Due to the wide range of ski jumping sports, the present research focused on the kinematics and dynamics of different movement stages, lacking the study of the complete exercise training process. The range of wearable inertial measurement and sensor equipment can cover the whole process of ski jumping, including kinematics and dynamics data, and is a feasible and reliable test method for monitoring ski jump training in natural environments. The simultaneous testing of surface electromyography, kinematics, and dynamics requires further exploration. (4) Future direction of development: Under computational fluid dynamics, wearable inertial measurement units and global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), intelligent wind tunnel experimental training areas will become essential tools for ski jumping research.

Incidental Ring-hyperenhancing Liver Micronodules at CT Hepatic Arteriography-guided Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA) is a highly sensitive imaging method for detecting colorectal liver metastases (CLMs), which supports its use during percutaneous thermal liver ablation. In contrast to its high sensitivity, its specificity for incidental small CLMs not detected at preablation cross-sectional imaging is believed to be low given the absence of specific imaging signatures and the common presence of pseudolesions. In this retrospective study of 22 patients (mean age, 55 years ± 10.6 [SD]; 63.6% male, 36.4% female) with CLMs undergoing CTHA-guided microwave percutaneous thermal ablation between November 2017 and October 2022, the authors provided a definition of incidental ring-hyperenhancing liver micronodules (RHLMs) and investigated whether there is a correlation of RHLMs with histologic analysis or intrahepatic tumor progression at imaging follow-up after applying a biomechanical deformable image registration method. The analysis revealed 25 incidental RHLMs in 41.7% (10 of 24) of the CTHA images from the respective guided ablation sessions. Of those, four RHLMs were ablated. Among the remaining 21 RHLMs, 71.4% (15 of 21) were confirmed to be CLM with either histology (n = 3) or imaging follow-up (n = 12). The remaining 28.6% (six of 21) of RHLMs were not observed at follow-up imaging. This suggests that RHLMs at CTHA may be an early indicator of incidental small CLMs. Keywords: Colorectal Neoplasms, Liver, Angiography, CT, Incidental Findings, Ablation Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.

Biomechanical Testing Methods Used to Determine the Effects of Standard Military Loads on the Mission Performance of Soldiers

Bu derleme makalesinin amacı, askerlerin alt uzuvlarının kuvvet ve gücünün belirlenerek görev performansının tahmin edilmesine yönelik kullanılan biyomekanik testleri içeren çalışmaları sistematik olarak değerlendirip paylaşmaktır. Elde edilen veriler, askerlerin alt-uzuv kuvvetinin, yük taşıma kapasiteleri ve dayanıklılıklarıyla doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut biyomekanik testlerin daha çok statik olarak yapıldığı göz önüne alındığında, gelecekte bu testlerin belirli bir operasyon senaryosu altında dinamik ve gerçek zamanlı olarak daha da geliştirilmesi, askerlerin performansının anlık olarak izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi hususunda daha güvenilir ve objektif verilenlerin elde edilmesi açısından faydalı olacaktır. Ayrıca bu testlerden elde edilen veriler ışığında standart askeri yükler yeniden tasarlanabilir ve sonuçta askerin performansını artıracak daha verimli egzersizler belirlenebilir.

Can external work during walking in scoliosis patients be estimated from spatiotemporal parameters?

BackgroundPatients with scoliosis present gait impairments compared to healthy subjects. Clinically, spine deformity is evaluated with Cobb angle, a standard measurement to determine and track the progression of scoliosis. Scoliosis is a biomechanical trouble, dependant of external forces and muscular activity. External work is currently analyzed in patients with scoliosis because this work sums up consequences and evolutions of spine deformity. Habitually, biomechanics approach is used to compute this work. For asymptomatic subjects, a regression model let to compute external work. So, considering the area of research to facilitate the follow-up at lower cost, this regression function could be applied to patients with scoliosis but need to be validated. Research question: can external work during walking in scoliosis patients be estimated from spatiotemporal parameters with a regression model? MethodThis retrospective study included twenty untreated patients with idiopathic scoliosis and sixteen asymptomatic participants. We used a regression model defined in case of asymptomatic subjects in literature and proposed a new specific model in case of patients with scoliosis. FindingsThe external work in patients with scoliosis calculated with the Wirta's regression eq. (0.23 ± 0.04 J.kg−1.m−1) was underestimated compared to the external work calculated using a biomechanical method (0.33 ± 0.06 J.kg−1.m−1). A new regression model including Cobb angle and spatio-temporal parameter presents a high coefficient of determination. InterpretationIn opposition to biomechanical method, our new model let to compute external work without expensive gait laboratory. This specific model is more reliable than the model developed from asymptomatic subjects.

Digital image correlation techniques for motion analysis and biomechanical characterization of plants.

Temporally and spatially complex 3D deformation processes appear in plants in a variety of ways and are difficult to quantify in detail by classical cinematographic methods. Furthermore, many biomechanical test methods, e.g. regarding compression or tension, result in quasi-2D deformations of the tested structure, which are very time-consuming to analyze manually regarding strain fields. In materials testing, the contact-free optical 2D- or 3D-digital image correlation method (2D/3D-DIC) is common practice for similar tasks, but is still rather seldom used in the fundamental biological sciences. The present review aims to highlight the possibilities of 2D/3D-DIC for the plant sciences. The equipment, software, and preparative prerequisites are introduced in detail and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. In addition to the analysis of wood and trees, where DIC has been used since the 1990s, this is demonstrated by numerous recent approaches in the contexts of parasite-host attachment, cactus joint biomechanics, fruit peel impact resistance, and slow as well as fast movement phenomena in cones and traps of carnivorous plants. Despite some technical and preparative efforts, DIC is a very powerful tool for full-field 2D/3D displacement and strain analyses of plant structures, which is suitable for numerous in-depth research questions in the fields of plant biomechanics and morphogenesis.

Using skeletal position to estimate human error rates in telemanipulator operators.

In current telerobotics and telemanipulator applications, operators must perform a wide variety of tasks, often with a high risk associated with failure. A system designed to generate data-based behavioural estimations using observed operator features could be used to reduce risks in industrial teleoperation. This paper describes a non-invasive bio-mechanical feature capture method for teleoperators used to trial novel human-error rate estimators which, in future work, are intended to improve operational safety by providing behavioural and postural feedback to the operator. Operator monitoring studies were conducted in situ using the MASCOT teleoperation system at UKAEA RACE; the operators were given controlled tasks to complete during observation. Building upon existing works for vehicle-driver intention estimation and robotic surgery operator analysis, we used 3D point-cloud data capture using a commercially available depth camera to estimate an operator's skeletal pose. A total of 14 operators were observed and recorded for a total of approximately 8 h, each completing a baseline task and a task designed to induce detectable but safe collisions. Skeletal pose was estimated, collision statistics were recorded, and questionnaire-based psychological assessments were made, providing a database of qualitative and quantitative data. We then trialled data-driven analysis by using statistical and machine learning regression techniques (SVR) to estimate collision rates. We further perform and present an input variable sensitivity analysis for our selected features.

Exploration on the Reform of Hybrid Experimental Teaching Methods in Biomechanics

Exploration on the Reform of Hybrid Experimental Teaching Methods in Biomechanics

A28: Biomechanical Analysis and Research in Rugby Speed Training

Purpose: Speed training is an essential and important part of rugby. Usually in confrontational events, strength will have a powerful effect, but good speed will be more than that plus works. Rugby speed drills can be complex or simple things that coaches choose. To the best of the speed required depends on the position, but every player on the field can be trained to get faster. Methods: Through the literature method, logic analysis and other related analysis of sports biomechanics of speed training in football, in order to provide some theoretical basis and reasonable suggestions for speed training, to improve the efficiency of speed training in football to make a contribution. Result: One of the most common scenes in football is when players speed up and slow down over and over again. Acceleration on the field can take many forms. Acceleration relies more on the quads and running at top speed relies more on the hamstrings and hip flexors. Acceleration depends on the strength of the buttocks, quadriceps, calves, and upper body (especially the anterior deltoid tract). Absolute strength, relative strength and running technique are also important. The process of deceleration is accomplished through centrifugal contraction of the legs, which creates the muscle elasticity to counter and mitigate impact and is a key element in the ability of athletes to perform rapid deceleration. To cushion such an impact, explosive force is absolutely essential, and the knee and hip joints also require a certain amount of flexion to effectively cushion the impact, a movement similar to the landing technique. But in actual speed training situations, a different scenario can occur, and many coaches directly relate disadvantage factors. Conclusion: First, speed training programs must be designed to meet the bioenergetic and biomechanical requirements encountered by athletes during competition and practice. Each position on the field needs to differentiate the composition of the training load to meet the different requirements that these players must meet during the game. Secondly, we should closely monitor the amount and time of speed training according to the actual situation and focus on the recovery of the body. Coaches should avoid the urge to rush, as athletes may practice incorrect sports biomechanics when they are tired. Finally, the coach should analyze the limiting factors of the disadvantageous elements, train the limiting factors of plasticity, and finally achieve the goal of improving the disadvantageous elements.

Design and validation of a novel knee biomechanical test method

A novel structural dynamics test method and device were designed to test the biomechanical effects of dynamic axial loading on knee cartilage and meniscus. Firstly, the maximum acceleration signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental device was calculated by applying axial dynamic load to the experimental device under unloaded condition with different force hammers. Then the experimental samples were divided into non-specimen group (no specimen loaded), sham specimen group (loaded with polypropylene samples) and bovine knee joint specimen group (loaded with bovine knee joint samples) for testing. The test results show that the experimental device and method can provide stable axial dynamic load, and the experimental results have good repeatability. The final results confirm that the dynamic characteristics of experimental samples can be distinguished effectively by this device. The experimental method proposed in this study provides a new way to further study the biomechanical mechanism of knee joint structural response under axial dynamic load.

One-stage reconstruction of four fingers in children using microsurgical autotransplantation of foot tissue complexes

BACKGROUND: Toe-to-hand transfer is still the most promising and relevant method for restoring fingers that are missing from birth or after injury. In cases requiring the restoration of two or more digits, simultaneous transplantation of tissue complexes from both feet, including one or two toes, is possible and necessary. Thus, a maximum of four fingers can be restored during one operation. Such operations, according to the literature, are performed extremely rarely because they are very extensive and time-consuming.
 AIM: To present the results of simultaneous microsurgical autotransplantation of four toes to the hand in children with congenital and acquired pathologies.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used clinical, radiological, and biomechanical methods to assess the results of nine patients with congenital and acquired upper limb deformities who underwent simultaneous microsurgical autotransplantation of two tissue complexes from each foot, including toes II–III. The indications for performing this method of microsurgical reconstruction in children with the absence of four (or all five) fingers have been determined. The results, postoperative complications, and conditions of the donor and recipient zones were analyzed.
 RESULTS: To date, 914 such operations have been performed in children. In nine cases, four toes were simultaneously transplanted (two from each foot). The average age of the patients was 4.2 years. Two children had congenital malformations of the hand, and seven had consequences of trauma. In eight cases, fingers II–V were restored, and in one case, fingers I–IV were restored. Complications associated with impaired blood circulation in the grafts were observed in 22% of the cases; however, they were temporary. All transplanted grafts survived. All patients required continued surgical treatment after the toe transfer to improve their appearance and function. Biomechanical examination methods showed complete restoration of function on average of 4 months (±1 month) after surgery.
 CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the possibility and effectiveness of using toes for hand transfer in children with both congenital and acquired hand pathologies that require the restoration of four fingers. Simultaneous microsurgical transplantation of toes ensures the restoration of a good appearance of the hand and its functionality.

Functional capabilities of ceramic nanostructures used for reinforcement of polymer structural materials for dental purposes

Objective. To present biomechanical substantiation of the possibility of using a post-resection obturator prosthesis made of polyamide thermoinjection material, dispersion-reinforced with nanostructured titanium dioxide.
 Materials and methods. The biomechanical method of mathematical modeling was applied in the work. The construction of the calculated finite element model included: determination of the mechanical properties of materials; construction of a geometric model; creation of a finite element grid; setting the boundary conditions of force effects.
 Results. Preliminary studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced polyamide showed an increase in maximum stresses and Ung's modulus by 8,4 % and 7,2 %, respectively, which corresponds to the standards of ISO 1567: 1999. The results of biomechanical calculations of the strength of the elements of the prosthesis-obturator are the following: the level of maximum stresses within the strength indicators under horizontal load is 45,25 MPa, under vertical load (equivalent stress value) – 30,88 MPa, maximum stresses in the contact area with the occlusal pad – 35,00 MPa, deformations determined in the load area – 0,001, and the presence of retaining clasps distributes stresses on the surface of the supporting tooth and reduces them by 11 %. These facts determine a sufficient stability and good fixation of the post-resection prosthesis.
 Conclusions. Based on the results of physical and mechanical studies of the maxillary prosthesis-obturator made of thermo-injection polyamide reinforced with nanoscale titanium dioxide, the necessary strength characteristics and structures were determined, that indicates the prospects for its clinical application in the practice of an orthopedic dentist for the treatment of patients with acquired defects of the jaw bones.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone Biocomposite Promotes Bone-to-Tendon Interface Healing by Enhancing Tenogenesis, Chondrogenesis, and Osteogenesis in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears

To investigate the effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) biocomposite on bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) healing for surgical repair of a chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) model of rabbit, focusing on genetic, histologic, biomechanical and micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluations. Sixty-four rabbits were equally assigned to the 4 groups: saline injection (group A), nanofiber sheetalone (group B), rhPTH-soaked nanofiber sheet (nanofiber sheet was soaked with rhPTH, group C), and rhPTH biocomposite (rhPTH permeated the nanofiber sheet by coaxial electrospinning, group D). The release kinetics of rhPTH (groups C and D) was examined for 6 weeks invitro. Nanofiber scaffolds were implanted on the surface of the repair site 6 weeks after the induction of chronic RCT. Genetic and histologic analyses were conducted 4 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, genetic, histologic, biomechanical, micro-CT, and serologic analyses were performed 12 weeks after surgery. Invivo, group D showed the highest collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels (all P < .001) 4 weeks after surgery; however, there were no differences between groups at 12 weeks postsurgery. After 12 weeks postsurgery, group D showed better collagen fiber continuity and orientation, denser collagen fibers, more mature bone-to-tendon junction, and greater fibrocartilage layer formation compared with the other groups (all P < .05). Furthermore, group D showed the highest load-to-failure rate (28.9 ± 2.0 N/kg for group A, 30.1 ± 3.3 N/kg for group B, 39.7 ± 2.7 N/kg for group C, and 48.2 ± 4.5 N/kg for group D, P < .001) and micro-CT outcomes, including bone and tissue mineral density, and bone volume/total volume rate (all P < .001) at 12 weeks postsurgery. In comparison to rhPTH-soaked nanofiber sheet and the other control groups, rhPTH biocomposite effectively accelerated BTI healing by enhancing the mRNA expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, and BMP-2 at an early stage and achieving tenogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis at 12 weeks after surgical repair of a chronic RCT model of rabbit. The present study might be a transitional study to demonstrate the efficacy of rhPTH biocomposites on BTI healing for surgical repair of chronic RCTs as an adaptable polymer biomaterial in humans.

Biomechanical Study on the Comparison of Synthetic Materials for Cranio-Orbital Fracture Repair.

For analyzing the mechanical properties of 2 cranio-orbital repair materials under distinct external impacts by finite element analysis and evaluating the stability of various repair materials. Based on the computed tomography images of the patients with cranio-orbital fractures, three-dimensional models of the normal craniomaxillofacial models were established by segmenting them with Mimics 19.0, Geomagic Studio 12.0, and UG 12.0, respectively, to build the finite element models of titanium repair fixation and the poly-ether-ether-ketone repair fixation. The models were then simulated by Ansys 19.2, with divergent impact forces to analyze the stresses and displacements of the repair materials, as well as the internal fixation system, and to make a comparison on the stability of the distinct repair materials. The titanium mesh is stable at impact forces ≤1500 N. Furthermore, the poly-ether-ether-ketone mesh and the internal fixation system are resistant to fracture and displacement at impact forces of up to 3000 N. By simulating distinct mechanical environments, the biomechanical finite element analysis method can digitally assess the mechanical properties of cranio-orbital repair materials and objectively evaluate the stability of the repair materials and the internal fixation system.

An integrated review of music cognition and rhythmic stimuli in sensorimotor neurocognition and neurorehabilitation.

This work reviews the growing body of interdisciplinary research on music cognition, using biomechanical, kinesiological, clinical, psychosocial, and sociological methods. The review primarily examines the relationship between temporal elements in music and motor responses under varying contexts, with considerable relevance for clinical rehabilitation. After providing an overview of the terminology and approaches pertinent to theories of rhythm and meter from the musical-theoretical and cognitive fields, this review focuses on studies on the effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation on gait, rhythmic cues' effect on the motor system, reactions to rhythmic stimuli attempting to synchronize mobility (i.e., musical embodiment), and the application of rhythm for motor rehabilitation for individuals with Parkinson's disease, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative or neurotraumatic diseases. This work ultimately bridges the gap between the musical-theoretical and cognitive science fields to facilitate innovative research in which each discipline informs the other.

Review of the Role of Biomechanical Research in Developing Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Programs for Patients with Coxarthrosis

modern biomechanical research has introduced innovative possibilities for crafting re-habilitation physiotherapy programs. These investigations are transforming conventional approaches&#x0D; in designing rehabilitation physiotherapy programs for coxarthrosis treatment, leading to enhancedpatient outcomes through pain reduction and improved quality of life. The objective of this study is to&#x0D; emphasize the contemporary application of biomechanical research in shaping rehabilitation phys-iotherapy programs for individuals with coxarthrosis. The following hypothesis is put forward within&#x0D; the framework of the raised issue: «Integration of biomechanical studies in the development of re-habilitation physiotherapy programs for patients with coxarthrosis will have a positive effect in the&#x0D; development of rehabilitation personal software techniques». The article anticipates the application ofsynthesis and analysis methods aimed at a comprehensive study of the role of biomechanical researchin the development of effective physiotherapy rehabilitation programs for patients. The analysis andsynthesis of scientific literature in the review article serve not only to summarize existing data but alsoto form a new level of understanding of the problem, which is an important step in improving clinicalpractice and developing new physiotherapy methods. Based on the specified methods, an analysis isbeing conducted to identify challenges in the implementation of biomechanical research methods andexplore potential solutions within the framework of monitoring the outcomes of physical therapy in thetreatment of coxarthrosis. Conclusion – examining the role of biomechanical research in rehabilitatingpatients with coxarthrosis is justified in terms of addressing the relevance of the issue and outlining thecontemporary need for effective treatment methods, increased objectivity and quality of rehabilitation,and the search for ways to improve the quality of life for patients. During this review, it was establishedthat biomechanical research of rehabilitation physiotherapy programs for coxarthrosis is an importantmethod for evaluating the effectiveness of these programs.