Projection Method Research Articles

Research on the biomechanics and animation assistance of backbasket throwing embroidery ball technique

Objective: This study aims to use biomechanical analysis of sports to create animations and innovate projection methods to improve the competitive level of ethnic sports such as throwing embroidered balls in baskets. Method: Utilizing methods such as analytical mechanics, animation production, and mathematical statistics, the results of training competitions were statistically analyzed to select scientific techniques for throwing embroidered balls into baskets. The prototypes and trajectories of these techniques were then animated to create visual projection technology for training guidance. Innovative projection technology was developed to improve athletic performance. Result: The competitive level of basket throwing embroidered ball is lagging behind, there is a lack of research on projection techniques, and the competition rules are not perfect. Excellent players mainly use short flat (α ≤ 30°) projection method, with a projection speed between 17.32 m/s and 18.97 m/s. The arc top of the projection trajectory is between 4.75 m and 5.5 m from the ground, and the landing point is within the receiving area, forming an effective receiving area. The receiver can easily judge the reception within the effective area, making it easy to achieve good results. Conclusion: The combination of biomechanics and animation production technology can effectively assist in improving the projection technology of basket throwing embroidered balls. Using short flat projection method to control the projection cycle can effectively improve performance, improve and unify the use of balls in competitions, and apply drone aerial photography technology to assist referees in making decisions, thereby improving the competitive level and standardization of embroidered ball throwing.

Projected increase in droughts over the Arabian Peninsula and associated uncertainties

The Arabian Peninsula (AP) has been reported to experience increasing drought in recent decades. With this background, this study evaluates best performing Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) Global Climate Models (GCMs) for historical (1985–2014) simulations and future drought projections across the AP until 2100, using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI). We assess uncertainties from model differences, scenarios, timescales, and methods. Our findings reveal the limitations of most models in reproducing precipitation, leading to uncertainties in SPI projections. Nonetheless, CMIP6-GCMs better capture the increase in the current-day potential evapotranspiration (PET) and therefore the SPEI, which is dominated by PET. The Hargreaves based PET is identified as the most suitable method for SPEI projections. The rate of increase in PET surpasses that of precipitation in all scenarios by fivefold. Consequently, SPEI indicates projected increase in future droughts with greater changes in SSP585 and SSP370 scenario compared to SSP245 and SSP126. In general, drought will exacerbate in the AP despite uncertainties from indices selection, scenarios, and inter-model variability, followed by methods and timescales which predominantly impacts drought magnitude. Over findings emphasize the need for more reliable representation of the AP precipitation in climate models for improved drought projection over the AP to enhance planning and adaptation strategies.

Projections of Public Spending on Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Methods.

Forecasting future public pharmaceutical expenditure is a challenge for healthcare payers, particularly owing to the unpredictability of new market introductions and their economic impact. No best-practice forecasting methods have been established so far. The literature distinguishes between the top-down approach, based on historical trends, and the bottom-up approach, using a combination of historical and horizon scanning data. The objective of this review is to describe the methods for projections of pharmaceutical expenditure that apply the "bottom-up" approach and to synthesize the knowledge of their predictive accuracy. Projections of public pharmaceutical expenditure applicable to Western economies including a comprehensive method description and published 2000-2024 were searched in scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EconLit) and in gray literature (websites of international health organizations and national healthcare authorities). The data sources, assumptions about the future market dynamics, analytical approaches, and the projection results are summarized. Twenty-four out of 3492 screened publications were included, associated with nine expenditure projection models. Four models were developed for all reimbursable drugs in the USA, the UK, the Stockholm region (Sweden), and seven European Union (EU) countries: France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, and the UK, respectively. The other five models concerned specific groups of medicines: orphan drugs in Belgium, the Eurozone plus the UK, and Canada, respectively; psychotropic medications in the USA; and outpatient intravenous cancer medicines in the Province of Ontario (Canada). For trend analysis, drug coverage claims or sales data were used, applying linear and/or nonlinear models. The budget impact of new launches and patent expirations was estimated through (a form of) horizon scanning, i.e., a systematic monitoring of the pharmaceutical pipeline, with engagement of clinical expert judgment. Projections with a predictive time window greater than 3 years largely relied on previously observed trends to model new market introductions. Four models were validated through an ex post comparison of projected and observed expenditure. The absolute difference between the forecasted and actual percentual change in pharmaceutical expenditure was: 0.3% ("UK model"), 1.9% ("Stockholm model"), and 2% (nonfederal hospitals, "US model"). The "Ontario cancer drug model" overestimated the actual expenditure by 1%. Overall, the largest errors were attributable to new market launches and unforeseen policy reforms. Prediction accuracy decreased substantially for forecasts beyond 1 year in the future. For two not validated projections, a face validity check was feasible. One of the models forecasted a decrease in pharmaceutical expenditure from 2012 to 2016 in six European countries, contrasting with the currently available statistics. A 10-year projection of orphan drug expenditure underestimated the number of rare diseases treated in Europe by over 100%. Published projections of national pharmaceutical expenditure are scarce and marked by significant methodological variability. Short-term forecasts based on high-quality historical data and rigorous horizon scanning tend to be more accurate than long-term forecasts built on theoretical assumptions. The combination of mathematical algorithms and expert judgment should be further explored, to increase the accuracy and efficiency of pharmaceutical expenditure projections.

Developing an intervention tool for diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) in laboratory settings

ABSTRACT In the wake of ongoing injustices and disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic and continued extrajudicial killings by police in the United States (US) during 2020, many academic science communities began to have widespread discussions about system racism, the ways in which scientific fields were implicated, and how to strengthen diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programming in academic science fields. As academic researchers in multiple fields and institutions, we each observed this current moment differing vantage points. Discontented with the lack of sustained engagement on discussions of racism, diversity, and inclusion in the aftermath of 2020, we developed an initiative, The DE-SILO (Diversity, Equity, and Sociology Training in Laboratory Organizations) Project, to bring these conversations into everyday practice. The goal of The DE-SILO Project was simple: to spark small but durable changes to daily life in research laboratories. Leveraging the sociological, science and technology studies, and anti-racism scholarship to create a toolkit for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) laboratories, The DE-SILO Project supports sustained engagement on these issues in academic science settings. In this engagement, we document the DE-SILO Project concept and methods, describe our implementation efforts in four research laboratories at institutions across the US, present findings from our pilot year, and discuss lessons learned through implementation.

Efficient Method for Improving Fully Implicit Scheme in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Highly Viscous and Non‐Newtonian Polymer Flow

ABSTRACTSmoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been widely used in various applications, such as the simulation of incompressible flow with a free surface. For highly viscous flow, which typically appears in polymer processing, a fully implicit scheme, which implicitly treats both the predictor and corrector procedures of the projection method in the SPH framework, is efficient and numerically stable. This study proposes a simple and efficient fully implicit scheme that improves predictive accuracy for highly viscous flow. The proposed scheme utilizes a recently developed scheme for highly viscous flow that performs the pressure calculation before the viscosity diffusion calculation, unlike the conventional projection method. This study further improves the viscosity diffusion calculation by considering a viscous diffusion term that is usually ignored due to the continuity equation. Including this term enables us to correctly perform calculations for non‐Newtonian flows. The increase in the computational cost that results from the inclusion of the term is alleviated by introducing a two‐step method for calculating the viscous diffusion terms. The developed scheme is applied to injection molding of a polymer melt between two parallel plates. The results show that the proposed two‐step implicit scheme reproduces the fountain flow behavior near the advancing front. In addition, a three‐dimensional molding simulation of a plate with a hole shows a significant improvement in the prediction of the filling pattern in the mold.

Identifying reactive normal modes and their effect on regioselectivity in Myers-Saito and Schmittel cyclization of enyne-allenes: a combined perspective between the reaction force constant and statistical tools.

This paper presents a theoretical study on the distinguishable regiodivergent C2-C7 Myers-Saito and C2-C6 Schmittel routes of benzannelated enyne-allene cycloaromatizations, in which substitutions on the terminal alkyne by alkyl (-CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2 and -C(CH3)3) and aryl (-C6H5 and -C6H2(CH3)3) groups were included. Mechanistic differences were found between substituents attached to alkynes with and without α-H, whereas in the former the Schmittel cyclization proceeds together with 1,8-H migration, in the latter it does so as the sole primitive event. It was also observed that bulky substituents preferentially favor the C2-C6 Schmittel route, and the statistical prediction of regioselectivity is greatly affected when the ratio of accessible vibrational microstates of the transition states is included, especially in highly competing routes, i.e., ΔΔG‡ → 0. Aiming to gain a deeper understanding, an analysis based on reaction force F(ξ) and reaction force constant κ(ξ) was performed to gain insights into the competing routes. The reactive normal modes were unveiled by means of the correlation between κ(ξ) and the force constant of reaction modes κi(ξ), given by a statistical protocol based on the partial least square with vector importance in projection (PLS-VIP) method. These findings suggest how the vibrational energy can be reorganized in competing paths from a static approach.

A three-term subspace projection method for solving systems of nonlinear monotone equations

A three-term subspace projection method for solving systems of nonlinear monotone equations

Optical mask projection method and application in in-situ movement fluctuation measurement of motorized stage

Optical mask projection method and application in in-situ movement fluctuation measurement of motorized stage

МЕТОД ФОРМУВАННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ КОМАНД ПРОЄКТІВ ТВОРЧОЇ СФЕРИ В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological aspects of developing a method for forming rational creative project teams under conditions of uncertainty by selecting candidates for the project team based on their riskiness. The relevance and necessity of this development is caused by the need to provide art project managers with effective tools for selecting candidates for the project team. An analysis of project team management models and methods, including the stage of candidate selection and team formation, has shown that the executors of these projects are creatively gifted individuals who have their own psychological aspects that differ from the psychology of rational people. This category requires a different approach. In addition, the creative sphere has its own specifics, which are reflected in the process of implementing art projects. All these factors cause additional risks that significantly reduce the percentage of successfully implemented art projects. Given the importance of art and the creative sector for the socio-economic development of a country, art project managers need models and methods to help them minimise the number of risks and/or their consequences and increase the success rate of projects. The development of this method is based on the concept that a manager should recognise and take into account that risks do not always occur in isolation. Rather, risks can be combined to create new risk situations, and/or one risk can cause or exacerbate the likelihood of occurrence or impact of another risk. This idea is reflected by the author in the conceptual model ‘Palette’, which was the impetus for the development of a mathematical model with an algorithm for calculating the degree of riskiness, taking into account the interconnectedness of risks through their sources of origin. The method of forming rational teams is based on the selection of candidates with the lowest riskiness indicators.

ЕТАПИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КРЕАТИВНОГО МОНОЛОГІЧНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ У СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ: ВІД ІДЕЇ ДО РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the issue of developing creative English monologic speech in high school students. It examines the stages of this process, methodological principles, and pedagogical approaches that promote the development of creative speech skills. Special attention is given to the integration of game-based and innovative technologies into the learning process, which stimulate creativity and help students better master monologic speech. Project methods and interactive technologies that foster communicative competence and creative thinking in students are also presented.

Extend the ProFamy cohort-component method to conduct probabilistic households and living arrangement projections

Abstract In this commentary, we first briefly review the significant utilities of household and living arrangement projections and the main types of methods for conducting household projections. In the second and third sections, we summarize basic ideas, data needed, assessments and applications of ProFamy extended cohort-component methods/software for households and living arrangement projections; and we emphasize the importance to extend the ProFamy methods and software from deterministic to probabilistic households and living arrangement projections. In section 4, we demonstrate that the ProFamy approach provides an adequate and highly feasible modelling framework to extend probabilistic households and living arrangement projections (PHPs), in which the population size/structure projection outcomes are in consistence with those of probabilistic population projections (PPPs) released by United Nations Population Division (UNPD). In the last Section, we discuss and recommend applying the user-friendly R package DemoRates of ProFamy software to estimate rural/urban (or race)-sex-age-specific standard schedules and the demographic summary measures, to conduct analyses and projections, such as single-parent households, caregivers, and care needs/costs for disabled older adults, age-friendly housing and households-based energy demands, etc. for healthy aging and sustainable development studies. Finally, we discuss the prospects of our ongoing international collaborative research project to substantially extend ProFamy cohort-component method from deterministic into probabilistic households and living arrangement projection (PHPs). As compared with ProFamy deterministic projection method, the PHPs produces a lot of additional outcomes of probabilistically projected households and living arrangements in 2021–2100 with uncertainty intervals that are crucial for healthy aging and sustainable development studies.

PROJECTS AS A WAY OF DEVELOPING LEARNERS' COGNITIVE ABILITIES.

Participatory and cooperative pedagogies are relevant to all levels of education, as well as to all educational settings. Today one of the most important issues of education is the transfer of knowledge to life. From this point of view, the organization of works in the field of education through the project method is highly justified. Theoretical and practical issues are considered in the article. The goals of project learning, ways of implementation are analyzed. We have tried to classify project works with a certain logic formulate, the definition of educational project work, point out its features, specify the role and functions of the teacher. There is also justified the importance of project-based learning of the 21st century skills within the framework of standard requirements for students' compitence formation. An example of project work implemented in Balahovit secondary School is described in detail. The content, process and structure of the work are characterized. The main points and final results are also indicated. It is justified that as a educational technology, planned learning implies the integration of learner' psychological, pedagogical, subject and methodical knowledge. Conclusions: project-based learning contributes to the development of the ability to set cognitive goals and find alternative ways of their implementation, ensures the formation of information culture, the development of communication skills, flexibility, independence and uniqueness of thinking. The result of the implementation of the project method, which helps to identify the interrelations of the elements of the logic of scientific research, is the development of creative cognitive abilities.

Investment Feasibility Study with the Capital Budgeting Method for the Construction Project of Facilities for Overnight Parking Services at APT Pranoto Airport in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan

The rapid development of transportation infrastructure has significantly increased the demand for vehicle parking facilities, particularly at strategic locations such as APT Pranoto Airport in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This study evaluates the investment feasibility of constructing an overnight parking facility at the airport. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, financial analysis methods—including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Profitability Index (PI)—were applied. Primary data were collected through interviews with project managers and airport officials. The findings indicate that the current parking facilities are insufficient to meet demand, especially during peak seasons. Financial feasibility tests confirmed the project’s viability, with positive NPV values, an IRR surpassing the required rate of return, a PI exceeding 1, and a short payback period. These results demonstrate the project’s potential profitability and its ability to enhance service quality. Consequently, this investment is recommended as a sustainable initiative to support the airport’s increasing transportation needs and promote operational efficiency.

Looking Back to Better Understand Today’s Education: A Review of The Project Method – The Use of the Purposeful Act in the Educative Process by William Heard Kilpatrick

The Project Method – The Use of the Purposeful Act in the Educative Process by William Heard Kilpatrick is a very informative book or article, in the author’s words, providing some of the earliest insights into the concept of project and project-based learning. The author’s purpose is to attempt to explain the latent concept that is fundamental to the term project and claim that the underlying concept should be a part of the way in which we think about education. The reading is eye-opening since what it means by a project has certain features some of which are shared with other instructional approaches, thus suggesting a certain level of intertwined relationships among them and having an eclectic approach to project-based learning. For instance, according to the author, a learner’s making a dress or building a kite with a clear purpose and intention in a social context are projects that would remind the reader of constructionism or social constructionism. To this end, the reading gets the reader to question the origins of some instructional approaches and/or interconnections among them as well as their evolution over time. Finally, the reading also highlights the main features of a project: purposefulness, learners’ willingness to do it, and happening in a social environment or context. In other words, the reading provides strong lenses to view project-based learning, other relevant instructional approaches, and the interrelationships among them thus making looking back at the past or origins of instructional approaches a precious tool to better understand today’s educational context.

Identifying the influence of project delivery system (PDS) characteristics on green construction project performance

This study examines the influence of Project Delivery System (PDS) features on green construction project performance by comparing Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design-Build (DB), and Construction Management (CM) methods. The research problem is to analyze the influence of key characteristics (leadership, communication, mindset, teamwork, team chemistry, experience, competence) of the three PDS methods on achieving green construction project performance. The research objects were 109 respondents (team leader, vice president manager, project manager, site manager, site engineer, general superintendent, and supervisor) in five major cities in Indonesia. The results of the MANOVA analysis showed that leadership was the most influential factor in the three methods. CM excels in time, quality, and green building performance, DB excels in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), and DBB excels in cost. Experience and competence are less influential factors, thus concluding that soft skills play a significant role in the successful implementation of green construction projects, providing valuable insights for industry practitioners and emphasizing the need to prioritize the development of leadership and interpersonal skills alongside technical expertise when implementing green construction projects through various PDS methods in Indonesia, which ultimately contributes to the advancement of sustainable construction practices in the rapidly growing building sector in the region. These findings provide insights for selecting optimal PDS methods in green construction projects

A geometry projection method for topology optimization of frames with structural shapes

A geometry projection method for topology optimization of frames with structural shapes

Multi-Scale Information Collaborative Management Method in Hierarchical Construction Projects Based on Building Information Modeling

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been widely adopted in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry for information modeling and project-level based on information collected from multiple sources. Unfortunately, multi-scale building information is often organized in different formats according to different data management protocols, making it a challenge to extract the data needed for effective decision-making by different project participants. This study proposed a method for the effective exchanges of multi-scale information through BIM, This method includes establishing an information management protocol between microscale and mesoscale through format conversion, standard unification, and contract constraint, and establishing an information management protocol between mesoscale and macroscale through model analysis, data integration, and institutional guarantee. The three paths of model, data, and management are used to link up the collaborative management of information in the three dimensions of individual, group, and region. The authors validated the proposed method using a case study of a project in Xiong’an New District in China as an example. Results show that the proposed method could help with the transmission and utilization of multi-scale building information using BIM for effective project management, which in turn enables the urban planners to have overall control over the information of urban construction projects.

“My Dragon”: What Does the Projective Technique Diagnose?

In the article discussed problem creation and modification of projective diagnostic methods. Emphasis, that many modern projective techniques are often developed, are modified and applied without proper methodological basis and outside the context of a well-defined psychodiagnostic paradigm. The results of the substantive analysis are presented projective posts tagged “My Dragon”, widely presented on the internet, which makes it accessible to a wide category of users with different levels of professional training, recommended for use in educational institutions. Detected its methodologicalay insolvency and diagnosticsay unsuitability. It is noted, what incompetent utilization projective methodology, including: not in line with methodological requirements and methodological quality, significantly increases risk formulation wrong psychological conclusions.

Методика реализации междисциплинарного проекта на основе технологии no-code в процессе обучения студентов магистерской программы «Дизайн мультимедиа»

Teaching Internet technologies to Multimedia Design students contributes to their success in the labour market, provided that the project method and other similar approaches are used in the learning process. The article analyses the experience of teaching modern Internet technologies to students of the Master's programme "Multimedia Design" at the Art and Graphic Faculty of the Pedagogical University. Research methods: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and pedagogical experiment. It was established that the problem of teaching students in creative training areas technical skills required for creating Internet products can be solved by using no-code technology and the individual project method. Using creating a website for a randomly selected customer and developing one's own art and pedagogical Internet project as the example, we analysed the application of the individual practice-oriented project method. The results allowed us to draw conclusions that creating digital products without writing code enables students to perform completed Internet projects using special services and platforms, and the method of individual practice-oriented project allows them to perform personally significant Internet projects and helps to increase motivation for learning and the formation of universal and professional competences. The results of the study can be used in teaching Internet technologies to creative students.

Партнерский студенческий проект как эффективный метод адаптации иностранных обучающихся в русской культурно-языковой среде

This study examines the potential and significance of the partnership project method in facilitating the adaptation of international students, as well as the development of their external connections and social environment within the context of Russian society. The paper presents a student partnership project organized by the Department of Russian as a Foreign Language at Perm State Medical University and the Department of Foreign Languages at HSE University Perm. The project is executed through practice-oriented inter-university collaboration. Its objectives address interconnected challenges: firstly, the Indian student community in Perm remains isolated and inadequately integrated into the city's cultural and linguistic milieu. Secondly, residents of Perm and students at local universities have limited understanding of the living and educational experiences of the substantial number of international students residing in the city. The significance of the inter-university project lies in providing Perm and Indian students with opportunities to engage with one another, exchange cultural knowledge, establish both friendly and professional communication, and collaborate on the creation of a joint creative product. This initiative fosters interethnic dialogue and enhances the communication skills and intercultural competence of future professionals.