Method For Indices Research Articles

Численное решение дифференциально-алгебраических уравнений произвольного индекса с производной Римана-Лиувилля

In the article, linear systems of ordinary differential equations of fractional order α∈(0,1) are investigated. In contrast to previously known results, the authors consider the case when the matrix before the fractional differentiation operation is degenerate. Problems in such a formulation are called differential-algebraic equations of fractional order. The fundamental differences of such systems from the classical problems of fractional differentiation and integration are emphasized, namely, the systems under consideration can have an infinite number of solutions, or a solution of the original problem depends on the high fractional derivative of the right-hand side. Corresponding examples are given. The authors pass to a different, equivalent formulation of the problem, namely, they rewrite it in the form of a system of linear integral equations of the Abel type (with a weak singularity). This technique allows one to use the apparatus of regular matrix bundles to investigate the existence and uniqueness of the original problem. Using this result, the authors give sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution to the class of problems under consideration. Further, an algorithm for the numerical solution of such equations is proposed. The method is based on the product integration method and the quadrature formula of right rectangles. Calculations and graphs of the errors of the proposed method for various fractional differentiation exponents and various indices of the initial matrix bundles are presented.

Функціональні показники кваліфікованих бігунів на короткі дистанції на спеціально-підготовчому етапі річного макроциклу

The purpose of the study was to analyze the indicators of functional readiness of qualified runners in sprint events at the special preparatory stage of the annual training cycle. Materials and methods. The methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, pedagogical experiment, instrumental methods such as anthropometric measurements, research of indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and methods of mathematical statistics were used in the study. 28 sprint-distance track and field athletes between the ages of 18 and 24 with sports qualifications, candidates for masters of sports and masters of sports, with experience in athletics from 4 to 9 years took part in the study. Surveys were conducted at the special preparatory stage of the annual macrocycle. The functional state was assessed by the method of indices (Robinson index, Skibinski index, hypoxia index, Quetelet index, cardiac index, vital index). Results and discussion. The most informative indicators have been established that characterize the level of functional fitness in sprint events runners. The Quetelet index of our studied athletes is 22.13 ± 0.56 units, which indicates their optimal body weight and corresponds to age norms. The indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems correspond to the appropriate norms, and some of them exceed the limits of norms for untrained individuals. According to our results, the indicator of the proper vital capacity of the lungs is 4.97 ± 0.13 l, and the deviation of the vital capacity of the lungs is 8.0%, which corresponds to the limits of the physiological norm. Almost all indicators are characterized by a low coefficient of variation, except for the Skibinski index (14%) and the hypoxia index (10%). The indicators of the functional tests of Shtange (74.73 ± 4.65 s), Genchi (48.47 ± 4.23 s), Skibinsky (52.54 ± 6.98 c.u.) are above the average level. Conclusion. It has been established that the eukinetic type of blood circulation is characteristic of qualified sprint events runners. According to the Robinson index, the average level of functioning of the cardiovascular system in sprint events runners was found to be 82.61 ± 3.51 units. According to the hypoxia index, a high level of the body's resistance to oxygen deficiency (0.73 ± 0.08 с.u.) was established in qualified sprint events runners. Analysis of the functional fitness of track and field athletes will allow to adjust and optimize the construction of the training process in order to achieve maximum sports results

Lablab purpureus: Evaluation and Selection of Drought-tolerant - High-yielding Accessions in Dry Farming Systems Based on Drought Tolerance Indices and Multi-environmental Yield Trials

Knowledge of plant responses to the soil moisture regimes is pre-requisite for drought tolerance studies. The present research study was performed to evaluate drought tolerant indices for selection of Lablab genotypes able to tolerate early Terminal Moisture Stress (TMS). The three evaluation sites from different agro-ecological conditions were selected for this study. Each of the site consisted of two trials with moisture stress-free (MSF) and early TMS conditions. The designs of the experiments comprised of a randomized complete block design. The twelve accessions used in the study were the best genotypes selected from the former moisture screening experiment at the seedling stage. Data collections included seed yield plant-1 at MSF and TMS conditions. The responses of Lablab accessions to TMS conditions were quantified through ten developed indices whose correlation coefficients (significant* @ p=0.05, ** @ p=0.01 at 5%) were computed from the mean of the seed yield plant-1 under both conditions. Based on this analysis, three indices; MP, GMP, and STI were discovered with higher correlation coefficients (> 0.5), and effective for selecting the TMS tolerant accessions with high seed yield plant-1 under both conditions. TMS tolerant accessions were selected based on combined rank mean method of desirable indices at all the sites. Through the combined rank mean method, D147, D363, HA4, D349, D352, D348, and D359 were generally selected as TMS tolerant accessions with high seed yield plant-1 across the sites. We therefore, suggest farmers' evaluation of the above-selected accessions in their fields before releasing them as commercial varieties.

V4-India Partnership as an Example of Broader EU and Indo-Pacific Region Partnership

EU stepped up its efforts to reinforce its presence in the Asian region, especially in the Indo-Pacific region, due to increasing geo-strategic importance for the EU, high mutual interconnectedness, as well as trade and investment engagement. In September 2021, the EU adopted its first Indo-Pacific Strategy. The aim of the paper is to point out the development of the partnership between the EU and the Asian (Indo-Pacific) region based on the evaluation of the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the EU and India with a focus on mutual trade and investment relations between the Visegrad Group countries and India (and point out the comparative advantages that the V4 countries might use to extend mutual trade cooperation). The paper is based on trade analysis, and empirical methods of RCA and Grubel Lloyd indices were used. There is room for expanding cooperation between the V4 countries and India in deepening intra-industry trade in commodities, where countries have a similar RCA profile. Moreover, the cooperation could complement bilateral relations between both regions. Implications for Central European audience: The paper evaluates V4 competitiveness and assesses V4’s export potential (RCA index) with India and potential trade prospects with India (RCA1) to confirm that there is room for expanding trade cooperation between regions. We consider the V4 countries to be one of the regions that could deepen its mutual relations with India and intensify political dialogue and, therefore, take mutual cooperation and relations to the next level as well as deepen cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.Â

Designing and simulation of photonic crystal fiber sensor based on plasma resonance with high sensitivity and resolution

AbstractThe present study proposes a photonic crystal fiber sensor based on a plasmon resonance. A thin gold metal layer was used as a plasmonic‐active material to produce the surface plasmons to detect changes in the refractive index (RI) around it. The performance of the proposed sensor is evaluated by the finite‐element method for various refractive indices. The sensitivity of this sensor ranges from 3740 to 51227 nm/RIU for the RI range of 1.36–1.42 in the wavelength range of 700–1900 nm. Within this range, we observed the highest resolution, the best FOM, and amplitude sensitivity with values of 1.95 × 10−6 RIU, 883.224 RIU−1, and 2328.59 RIU−1, respectively. This sensor has a simple structure and a better performance as compared with available sensors. The present study opens a new window to studies in the fields of biological materials, chemical materials, and the environment.

The Use of Indices and Modified U-Net Network in Improving the Classification of Planting Structures

It was difficult to accurately obtain crop planting structure by using the spectral information of high spatial resolution and low spatial resolution multispectral images of panchromatic images at the same time. In this paper, we propose a method of planting structure extraction based on indices and an improved U-Net semantic segmentation network. Based on the original band of Landsat-8, we used an image fusion algorithm to highlight the characteristics of vegetation, water, and soil respectively by three indices added, and the improved U-Net network was used to classify the type of planting structure. The results showed that the overall accuracy of classification was more than 91.6%, and the accuracy of crops was up to 93.8%. Automated water extraction index in image fusion effectively improved the classification accuracy. This method could extract a variety of information about planting structures automatically and accurately. It provided theoretical support for adjusting and optimizing regional planting structures.

A novel hybrid method based on kernel-free support vector regression for stock indices and price forecasting

Price forecasting in the financial market is one of the most important and challenging tasks in the field of time series forecasting since it is noisy, non-linear and non-stationary. In this paper, we first develop a kernel-free support vector regression model which not only has a strong flexibility to capture the nonlinear structure of the data but also maintains the high efficiency to avoid choosing a suitable kernel and its related parameters. Then a novel hybrid method is proposed combining empirical mode decomposition algorithm, quadratic surface support vector regression and autoregressive integrated moving average method for the stock indices and future price forecasting. This ensemble scheme fully takes the advantages of these individual methods to efficiently produce accurate time series forecasts. Finally, to compare our proposed method with other benchmark forecasting methods, three stock indices and three future prices are selected as the forecasting targets. The numerical results and statistical test strongly demonstrate the promising performance of our proposed hybrid method in terms of forecasting accuracy, efficiency and robustness.

Reliability analysis using the in-lux examination method for dental indices in adolescents for use in epidemiological studies.

To evaluate the in-lux examination method to assess the reliability of examiners for oral health surveys. A calibration study involving 10 examiners and 27 patients was conducted, and high-quality photographs of dental epidemiological indices were projected. The latter refers to the in-lux examination method. Two groups, comprised of five examiners each, were trained to assess dental caries (DMFT index) and malocclusion (DAI). The first group carried out in vivo (clinical) and in-lux examinations in the same patients. The second group performed in-lux examinations only. The measurements were repeated to obtain intraexaminer weighted kappa coefficients. Interexaminer weighted kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method for DMFT and DAI ranged from 0.597 to 0.851 and from 0.574 to 0.844, respectively. The values for in-lux examination were between 0.440 and 0.856 (DMFT) and between 0.524 and 0.783 (DAI). The intraexaminer kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method ranged between 0.569 and 0.851 (DMFT) and between 0.644 and 0.834 (DAI). In the in-lux method, these values were between 0.426 and 0.831 (DMFT) and between 0.341 and 0.838 (DAI). Three examiners did not reach the minimum acceptable kappa value (k=0.610) for DMFT, and one for DAI. Of these, one examiner managed to reach the minimum kappa coefficient for DMFT after additional training. The three others maintained the kappa coefficients at lower than acceptable limits. Calibration, using both in vivo and in-lux examination methods, was able to discriminate the examiners regarding their reliability to reproduce dental indices. The in-lux examination method was considered reliable and can replace the in vivo examination method. The in-lux method might be more feasible to evaluate the reliability of examiners when clinical calibration is unrealistic due to logistic issues and when a large number of examiners are involved in the survey.

Behavior segmentation of electricity consumption patterns: A cluster analytical approach

Developing effective energy use and management strategies requires the knowledge of determinants and patterns of the electricity usage behavior of different consumers. This paper examines data-driven unsupervised learning schemes to partition the smart meter users into different clusters such that the users in the same cluster have similar consumption patterns represented by their similar daily routines and peak demand time periods. However, it is critical to resolve the problem of high dimensional space in long time series of smart meter data to make the clustering practical. This problem is resolved by time series data mining based on meaningful statistics and behavioral characteristics to emphasize the essential features for reducing the dimensionality and noisiness of the data. Our work involves rigorous data analysis of smart meter data to identify the essential behavioral characteristics and the source of variability in the behavior and analysis of these behavioral characteristics to select the clustering algorithm and its parameters appropriately. These behavioral features will be extracted from each time-series and then used for clustering using a Gaussian mixture modeling​ algorithm. The clustering algorithm is executed on a real-world electricity consumption dataset of 5038 consumers in Slovenia. The classifications obtained with the algorithm are effective when tested visually and by scoring methods of internal indices. The results indicate that the time of day, day of the week, day-to-day variability and seasonality differences that exist in different clusters can be used to formulate new energy management and grid planning strategies.

Power Quality Indices Online Prediction Based on VMD-LSTM Residual Analysis

In order to ensure the provision of high-quality power quality and the smooth operation of the power system, aiming at the problem of low prediction accuracy of power quality indices, this paper proposes an online prediction method of power quality indices based on VMD-LSTM residual analysis. Firstly, the VMD-LSTM is used to simulate and predict the normal power quality signal; then the predicted signal data is different from the actual power quality signal data to obtain the residual signal, and the residual signal is input into the one-dimensional convolutional neural network for training, and finally the power quality indices prediction model is obtained. Finally, taking voltage flicker as an example, simulation experiments compared with other prediction models verify the better effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Index spaces and standard indices in metric modelling

We analyze the basic structure of certain metric models, which are constituted by an index I acting on a metric space (D; d) representing a relevant property of the elements of D. We call such a structure (D; d; I) an index space and define on it normalization and consistency constants that measure to what extent I is compatible with the metric d. The “best” indices are those with such constants equal to 1 (standard indices), and we show an approximation method for other indices using them. With the help of Lipschitz extensions, we show how to apply these tools: a new model for the triage process in the emergency department of a hospital is presented.

Do Equity Indices Remember Cash Dividends?

Most equity indices we come across are calculated without taking cash dividends into account. Therefore, it does not properly represent the performance of equity market, and has several problems as an underlying asset of equity index derivatives. An equity index that does not take into account cash dividends is called a price index, and a equity index that considers cash dividends is called a return index. When a price index is used as an equity index, an inefficient phenomenon occurs in that the dividend yield has a positive (+) effect on the equity return the next day. Furthermore, the relationship between KOSPI 200 futures and spot returns on ex-dividend day goes away from the cost-of-carry model of futures prices, and the basis between their prices decreases in a few days after ex-dividend date. Considering this empirical evidence and the theoretical flaws of the current equity indices, it is now necessary to change the calculation method of equity indices from the price index to the return index method. This will allow equity indices to represent the performance of equity market without any distortion, and will help determine the correct price of equity index derivatives.

Assessment of Secondary Feeders Reliability in Nigeria: A case of Ado-Ekiti Metropolis Distribution Network

The major goal of power system is to ensure continuous supply of electricity at declared service quality to meet up with the demand of its customers. However, interruptions which sometimes may be unavoidable, tends to negate this trend. Identifying the problems will indeed enable the power utility companies to take the necessary steps in improving the reliability of the system. This paper used load point and customer-oriented reliability indices to evaluate the performance of the four distribution feeders within Ado-Ekiti metropolis, Nigeria, in order to identify the major causes of the frequent power supply outages and also suggested ways of improving its performance. Relevant outage data were collected from the supply utility-Benin Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria (BEDC) daily operational logbooks from January 2021 to December 2021. Some of the data gathered were outage frequencies, fault durations, causes of outages, age of distribution transformers and number of customers on each of the feeders. Quantitative method of reliability indices was used to estimate and compare the performance of the feeders. The average availability (%) for the investigated period is 86.23%, 92.68%, 90.18% and 91.25% for Ajilosun, Basiri, Okesa and Adebayo feeders respectively. The results showed that almost all the feeders are not reliable. The study will enable the utility company in making informed decisions that will improve the reliability of the feeders and thereby facilitating effective monitoring to enhance optimum performance.

Dynamic Profile and Clinical Implications of Hematological Parameters in Pregnant Women with COVID-19

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection are extremely important. Therefore, laboratory indicators are needed that can detect pregnant patients with mild symptoms or no symptoms at the time of admission to the hospital and ensure that these patients are separated from the healthy population. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic and clinical implication of hematologic parameters in pregnant women with COVID-19. Methods: The present study adopted the observational method and analysis of the haematological indices in pregnant women. The test group comprised 55 pregnant women with covid19 infection who admitted at the Mugda Medical college Hospital for treatment of COVID-19 complications, management of pregnancy complications and delivery. Result: The result of the blood RBC 46(83.64%), PCV/Hct 47(85.4%), Platelets count 19(34.55%), WBC 11(20%), MCV 12(21.82%), Lymphocytes 11(20%) showed a significant decrease among the group, while Neutrophil 8(14.55%) increased. Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnancy in women with COVID-19 has the tendency to alter haematological indices.

Calculation and Expression of the Urban Heat Island Indices Based on GeoSOT Grid

The urban heat island (UHI) effect accelerates the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants, which has a strong impact on the climate of cities, circulation of material, and health of citizens. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct quantitative monitoring and accurate governance of UHI by calculating the index rapidly and expressing spatial distribution accurately. In this paper, we proposed a model that integrates UHI information with the GeoSOT (Geographic Coordinate Subdividing Grid with One-Dimension Integer Coding on 2n Tree) grid and subsequently designed the calculation method of UHI indices and expression method of UHI spatial distribution. The UHI indices were calculated on Dongcheng and Xicheng District, Beijing, in the Summer of 2014 to 2019. Experimental results showed that the proposed method has higher calculation efficiency, and achieved a more detailed description of the spatial distribution of the urban thermal environment compared with the Gaussian surface fitting method. This method can be used for large-scale and high-frequency monitoring the level of UHI and expressing complicated spatial distribution of UHI inside the city, thus supporting accurate governance of UHI.

Direction-sweep Markov chains

We discuss a non-reversible, lifted Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for particle systems in which the direction of proposed displacements is changed deterministically. This algorithm sweeps through directions analogously to the popular MCMC sweep methods for particle or spin indices. Direction-sweep MCMC can be applied to a wide range of reversible or non-reversible Markov chains, such as the Metropolis algorithm or the event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm. For a single two-dimensional tethered hard-disk dipole, we consider direction-sweep MCMC in the limit where restricted equilibrium is reached among the accessible configurations for a fixed direction before incrementing it. We show rigorously that direction-sweep MCMC leaves the stationary probability distribution unchanged and that it profoundly modifies the Markov-chain trajectory. Long excursions, with persistent rotation in one direction, alternate with long sequences of rapid zigzags resulting in persistent rotation in the opposite direction in the limit of small direction increments. The mapping to a Langevin equation then yields the exact scaling of excursions while the zigzags are described through a non-linear differential equation that is solved exactly. We show that the direction-sweep algorithm can have shorter mixing times than the algorithms with random updates of directions. We point out possible applications of direction-sweep MCMC in polymer physics and in molecular simulation.

Modern Methods and Techniques in Landscape Shaping with Various Functions on the Example of Southern Poland

The aim of this publication is to present the detailed results of research on the formation of landscapes with different functions. The research was conducted in areas typical for southern Poland in Kasinka Mala and Kamionka Wielka communes using the WIT statistical method and photogrammetric techniques. Among the landscape evaluation methods, the publication uses the WIT method of site significance indices, which employs a wide representation of features describing the spatial structure of villages. Using these indicators, the “value” and changes that have occurred in the landscape of each designated area were assessed. Three indicators were determined: WIT 1—for agricultural activities, WIT 2—for non-agricultural activities, and WIT 3—for recreational activities, for each of the villages of the Kamionka Wielka commune, comparing them in a tabular and graphical form. The indicators were used to determine the suitability of the land for agricultural activities, its potential for economic activity, and the development of recreational and tourist activities in the area. Most of the factors determining the character of a landscape can be properly captured using photogrammetric and remote-sensing materials. Thanks to the technological advances provided by photogrammetric methods, visualizations of landscapes with different functions were also used in this study. For landscape analysis, photogrammetric materials in the form of aerial photographs, digital orthophotomaps taken in different time periods (1963–1977–1997–2010–2013), and data from airborne laser scanning were used, which allowed visualization of the studied areas in the form of a DSM and 3D models of Kasinka Mala and Kamionka Wielka.

AG600 Maritime Base Location Decision Based on the Interval Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS Method

Aiming at the location research blank of the AG600 amphibious aircraft marine rescue base, the location decision index system of the AG600 is established, and the AG600 location decision model based on the interval intuitionistic fuzzy theory and improved TOPSIS method is constructed. Through investigation and statistical analysis, the evaluation system with 10 indices is determined based on applicability, safety, and accessibility, and in the process of quantization of index assignment, a fuzzy conversion method for different indices is proposed. The interval intuitionistic fuzzy number of each index is obtained by combining objective calculation and subjective assignment, and the interval intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix is constructed. The fuzzy entropy method is used to calculate the index weight, and then the improved Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity (TOPSIS) is used to evaluate and rank the rescue bases. The scientific and reasonable location decision results are obtained. Finally, taking the South China Sea islands as an example, the correctness and reliability of the proposed model is verified by comparison with the calculation results of the score function method and the projection method.

Methodology of prenatal ultrasound examinations in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Background. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a complex malformation with high anatomical and clinical variability. Prenatal ultrasound examinations allow one to assess the severity of pathological process in a particular case in order to determine the management of pregnancy, labor and neonatal period. However, the rarity of this pathology and some features of ultrasound imaging can lead to low informative value of the examination. Purpose – to present a detailed methodology of prenatal ultrasound examinations in fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia, taking into account anatomical variants of pathology and features of US imaging at different terms of pregnancy, and to characterize the preconditions for diagnostic errors. Materials and methods. The data on prenatal ultrasound examinations of 265 high-risk pregnant women with fetal diaphragmatic hernia conducted during the period of 2007–2020 in the Department of Fetal Medicine of State Institution «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», were systemized. US examinations were performed on systems HDI 4000, ACCUVIX V20EX-EXP, ACCUVIX V10LV-EX. Isolated anomaly was detected in 192 (72.5 %) cases, associated congenital malformations in 65 (24.5 %), chromosomal pathology in 8 (3.0 %). Left-sided hernia was diagnosed in 85.7 % of cases (n = 227), right-sided – in 12.1% (n = 32), central in 1.1 % (n = 3), bilateral in 1.1 % (n = 3). Location of abdominal, retroperitoneal and thoracic organs was determined, as well as specifics of their US imaging in different terms of pregnancy. Results. Methodology of prenatal ultrasound examination of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia was developed taking into account the specifics of pathological anatomy and ultrasound imaging. Typical and rare variants of thoracic and abdominal organs’ localization in the standard cross section plane at the level of the four chambers of the heart were characterized, preconditions and variants of diagnostic errors were determined. The methods of correct measurement of the thorax, lungs, liver, and also methods of prognostic indices’ calculation for determining the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and the degree of liver herniation were presented. Conclusions. Prenatal ultrasound semiotics of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is characterized by considerable variability, and contains significant risks of diagnostic errors. The presented methodology of unified ultrasound examinations allows for systematic assessment, which results in correct prenatal diagnosis, determination of the pathology severity, and prognosis – for the correct choice of pregnancy and labor management.

Comparison of different symmetry indices for the quantification of dynamic joint angles

BackgroundSymmetry is a sign of physiological and healthy movements, as pathologies are often described by increased asymmetries. Nevertheless, based on precisely measured data, even healthy individuals will show small asymmetries in their movements. However, so far there do not exist commonly accepted methods and reference values for gait symmetry in a healthy collective. Therefore, a comparison and presentation of reference values calculated by 3 different methods of symmetry indices for lower limb joint angles during walking, ascending, and descending stairs were shown.MethodsThirty-five healthy participants were analyzed during walking, ascending, and descending stairs with the help of the inertial measurement system MyoMotion. Using the normalized symmetry index (SInorm), the symmetry index (SI) as the integral of the symmetry function, and another normalized symmetry index (NSI), the symmetry of joint angles was evaluated. For statistical evaluation of differences, repeated measurement models and Bland–Altman-Plots were used.ResultsApart from a bias between the symmetry indices, they were comparable in the predefined limits of 5%. For all parameters, significantly higher asymmetry was found for ankle dorsi/-plantarflexion, compared with the hip and knee flexion. Moreover, the interaction effect of the joint and movement factors was significant, with an increased asymmetry of the hip and knee during descending stairs greater than while ascending stairs or walking, but a reduced symmetry of the ankle during walking when compared to descending. The movement only showed significant effects when analyzing the SInorm.ConclusionEven for healthy individuals, small asymmetries of movements were found and presented as reference values using 3 different symmetry indices for dynamic lower limb joint angles during 3 different movements. For the quantification of symmetrical movements differences between the joints, movements, and especially their interaction, are necessary to be taken into account. Moreover, a bias between the methods should be noted. The potential for each presented symmetry index to identify pathological movements or track a rehabilitation process was shown but has to be proven in further research.Trial registration: DRKS00025878.