Method For Different Values Research Articles

A knowledge-driven graph convolutional network for abnormal electrocardiogram diagnosis

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal comprising P-, Q-, R-, S-, and T-waves is an indispensable noninvasive diagnostic tool for analyzing physiological conditions of the heart. In general, traditional ECG intelligent diagnosis methods gradually extract features of the signal from input data until they can classify the ECG signal. However, the decision-making process of ECG intelligence models is implicit to clinicians. Clinical experts rely on clear and specific features extracted from ECG data to diagnose cardiac diseases effectively. Inspired by this clinical diagnosis mechanism, we propose an ECG knowledge graph (ECG-KG) framework primarily to improve ECG classification by presenting knowledge of ECG clinical diagnosis. In particular, the ECG-KG framework contains an ECG semantic feature extraction module, a knowledge graph construction module, and an ECG classification module. First, the ECG semantic feature extraction module locates the key points using the difference value method and further calculates the ECG attribute features. Further, the knowledge graph construction module utilizes attribute features to design entities and relationships for constructing abnormal ECG triples. The triples vectorize ECG abnormalities through the strategy of knowledge graph embedding strategy. Finally, the ECG classification module combines the ECG knowledge graph with the graph convolutional network model and adequately integrates expert knowledge to identify ECG abnormalities. Experiments conducted on the benchmark QT, the CPSC-2018, and the ZZU-ECG datasets show that the ECG-KG framework considerably outperforms other ECG diagnosis models, indicating the effectiveness of the ECG-KG framework for ECG abnormality diagnosis.

Noise Impact on Optimum Parameters for Signal Deconvolution

In many areas, such as speech processing, communication, and measurement systems, where the actual signal is not directly available, Wiener deconvolution is a widely used signal restoration technique. The accuracy of the estimated signal in Wiener deconvolution is determined by the unknown filter parameter. To compute this unknown parameter, complex and time-consuming numerical as well as iterative computation approaches were proposed in the literature, which also often compute an unoptimized unknown filter parameter. To address the computational problem and estimate a more accurate unknown filter parameter, the authors reported an analytical solution in a prior work for a given signal to noise ratio. However, it was revealed that the actual optimum parameter value also varies with noise also. In this paper, the authors propose a new analytical solution for optimum parameter estimation that includes noise as well. The authors compared the modified analytical solution to existing numerical computation methods for different values of Signal to Noise Ratio and demonstrated that the proposed methods’ optimum parameter estimation is always close to the actual optimum value, which resulted in more accurate signal deconvolution. Proposed mathematical solutions are also verified with experimental signals, acquired in a laboratory.

Stress distribution in an infinite plate with discontinuities like elliptical or circular hole by boundary force method

This paper deals with the boundary force method to determine the stress distribution in an infinite plate subjected to uni-axial tension having elliptical or circular hole. The elasticity solution for a point force in an infinite plate is used as the fundamental solution. The boundary conditions are satisfied in terms of the resultant forces. Stress distribution obtained by boundary force method is validated against the results from analytical equations. Traction free boundary condition is weakly satisfied. Hoop stress closely follow the results from analytical equations (AE). Accurate values of stress concentration factor are computed using boundary force method for different values of ratio of semimajor axis to semiminor axis.

Analytical solutions and numerical simulation of COVID-19 fractional order mathematical model by Caputo and conformable fractional differential transform method

In this paper, we will discuss an analytical solution and numerical simulation of fractional order mathematical model on COVID-19 under Caputo and conformable sense with the help of fractional differential transform method for different values of q, where q ∈ (0, 1). The underlying mathematical model on COVID-19 consists of four compartments, like, the susceptible class, the healthy class,the infected class and the quarantine class. We show the reliability and simplicity of the methods by comparing the solution of given model obtained by FDTM with the solution obtained by CFDTM graphically and numerically. Further, we analyse the stability of model using Lyapunov direct method under Caputo sense. We conclude that the use of fractional epidemic model provides better understanding and biologically deeper insights about the disease dynamics.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОРОВОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ В СЛАБО ФИЛЬТРУЮЩИХ ГРУНТАХ МЕТОДОМ ЛИНЕЙНОЙ ИНТЕРПОЛЯЦИИ

The article is devoted to the issue of definition in situ vertical effective stress in weakly filtering soils (WFS). Shown. that the calculation of the vertical effective stress in soils, taking into account the weighing action of water, is valid only for the special case of the hydrostatic distribution of pore pressure over depth. In this regard, it is proposed to determine the vertical effective stress by the difference between total and pore pressure, in accordance with the principle of effective stresses of K. Terzagi, as more universal. The existing variants of pore pressure calculations in weakly filtering soils are considered. The example shows that zeroing the pore pressure leads to an overestimation of the in situ effective stress in the WFS, and the hydrostatic distribution, as a rule, leads to its underestimation. A computational method for determining the vertical effective stress in the WFS by linear interpolation is presented. Formulas for determining pore pressure and vertical effective stress in the WFS layer are proposed. The features of the application of the interpolation method for different values of groundwater levels in aquifers in depth are considered. A necessary condition for calculating the pore pressure by interpolation is information about the level of groundwater in the underlying aquifer, which must be taken into account when performing engineering-geological surveys. Examples of comparison of the results obtained by various calculation methods with the data of direct measurements of pore pressure by the dissipation method and the method of filled wells are given. The analysis showed that the values of pore pressure in the WFS layers calculated by linear interpolation correspond to direct measurements of pore pressure to the greatest extent. Thus, the linear interpolation method is the most reliable calculation method and can be recommended for use when performing geotechnical calculations.

Stability Analysis of Fractional PSQp Smoking Model and Application in Turkey

Smoking is one of the most common habits in the world. Due to the harmful substances contained in it cigarette disturb people’s health and causes their death. Every year, many people lose their health from smoking or by direct exposure to cigarettes. In this study, we conducted a new application and stability analysis related to a fractional model of cigarette use. This model consists of three compartments: potential smokers (P), smokers (S) and defi-nitely quitters of smoking (Qp). The fractional derivative is used in the sense of Caputo. In this article, we develop a fractional mathematical model to illustrate the consequences of smoking habit in Turkey by the Caputo fractional-order derivative. In addition to stability analysis, numerical solutions are obtained by using Euler method for different values of fractional order

A robust numerical technique and its analysis for computing the price of an Asian option

An efficient numerical scheme based on exponential B-spline (EBS) functions is developed in this work for numerical solution of Asian option pricing (AOP) problem and dealing with delta values. Convergence and stability of proposed scheme are investigated. Numerical illustrations are performed to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the method and to corroborate the theoretical estimate as well. We examine the effects of volatilities, maturity time and interest rate on option price and delta values. It is shown that the present method for delta values is of second order accuracy in both the spatial and temporal domains. The computed option values are compared with those obtained in Dubois and Lelièvre (2004/2005), Večeř (2001), Zvan et al. (1998) and Thompson (1999). The computational time elapsed for the present method for different values of mesh points are provided. It is shown that the present numerical scheme is accurate for small and large volatilities.

Hall effect on MHD Jeffrey fluid flow with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model: an application of stochastic neural computing

Exploration and exploitation of intelligent computing infrastructures are becoming of great interest for the research community to investigate different fields of science and engineering offering new improved versions of problem-solving soft computing-based methodologies. The current investigation presents a novel artificial neural network-based solution methodology for the presented problem addressing the properties of Hall current on magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) flow with Jeffery fluid towards a nonlinear stretchable sheet with thickness variation. Generalized heat flux characteristics employing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model (CCHFM) along with modified Ohms law have been studied. The modelled PDEs are reduced into a dimensionless set of ODEs by introducing appropriate transformations. The temperature and velocity profiles of the fluid are examined numerically with the help of the Adam Bashforth method for different values of physical parameters to study the Hall current with Jeffrey fluid and CCHFM. The examination of the nonlinear input–output with neural network for numerical results is also conducted for the obtained dataset of the system by using Levenberg Marquardt backpropagated networks. The value of Skin friction coefficient, Reynold number, Deborah number, Nusselt number, local wall friction factors and local heat flux are calculated and interpreted for different parameters to have better insight into flow dynamics. The precision level is examined exhaustively by mean square error, error histograms, training states information, regression and fitting plots. Moreover, the performance of the designed solver is certified by mean square error-based learning curves, regression metrics and error histogram analysis. Several significant results for Deborah number, Hall parameters and magnetic field parameters have been presented in graphical and tabular form.

Difference-value background based on the subset of the category in hyperspectral anomaly detection

Hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) is an important unsupervised target detection technique. Background modelling techniques occupy an important component in HAD. The background modelling process is easily disturbed by the anomalous target, resulting in a large error between the estimated value and the real value. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new background difference value method. Firstly, the hyperspectral datasets are divided into several subsets by endmembers, and then the subsets with fewer samples are removed from the original sample set to a new background set. Finally, the background model parameters are estimated by the new background set. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better detection performance in complex scenes.

THE IMPACT OF TAX AVOIDANCE, SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE, AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT ON FIRM VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ERA WITH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS A MODERATING VARIABLES

This paper aims to determine whether tax avoidance, sustainability reporting, and earnings management affected firm value. Samples were collected from 80 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI)between 2015 and 2019. This research is an explanatory study that employs a quantitative approach and purposive sampling as the sampling technique, using the Absolute Difference Value Method to examine the moderating variable’effect, and SPSS 23 to analyze the data. The finding indicate that while tax avoidance has no negative effect on firm value and Sustainability Report has no positive effect on firm value, earnings management have negative effects on firm value. Corporate Governance did not weaken the effect of tax avoidance on firm value, corporate governance did not strengthen the relationship between sustainability reports and firm value and Corporate Governance weakens the negative effect of earnings management on firm value. This paper contributes to three different strands of research:determinants of tax avoidance in Indonesia for government literature, evaluation, improve, improvement, and performance for companies;for investors, as it is wordthwhile to consider additional factors in order to aid in making an informed assessment of company’s value in this era of technology.

Determination of the stable isotope discrimination factor of wild organisms: a case study of the red swamp crayfish in integrated rice–crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) culture without artificial diets

ABSTRACT This study collected samples from a 95-day integrated rice–crayfish culture experiment, and determined the stable isotope discrimination factor of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by using a model method and difference value method. The isotope ratios of P. clarkii and the dietary resources in rice fields and its feeding niche volumes were ‘conservative’ as proposed. This result broadly supported the assumption of the laboratory feeding experiment that animals should be fed a single diet exhibiting a constant isotopic composition. Using standard ellipse areas (SEA) to screen the data, growth- and time-dependent models of carbon and nitrogen isotopes of females and males were obtained. The Δ13C and its half-lives for females and males were 0.67 (21.0 d) and 0.91 (33.0 d), whereas Δ15N and its half-lives for those were 3.45 (17.8 d) and 3.05 (17.3 d), respectively. The results of integrated rice–crayfish culture without artificial diets provides a reference example for future studies on species-specific discrimination factors in specific field habitats.

Optimal control application to the epidemiology of HBV and HCV co-infection

It is very important to note that a mathematical model plays a key role in different infectious diseases. Here, we study the dynamical behaviors of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with their co-infection. Actually, the purpose of this work is to show how the bi-therapy is effective and include an inhibitor for HCV infection with some treatments, which are frequently used against HBV. Local stability, global stability and its prevention from the community are studied. Mathematical models and optimality system of nonlinear DE are solved numerically by RK4. We use linearization, Lyapunov function and Pontryagin’s maximum principle for local stability, global stability and optimal control, respectively. Stability curves and basic reproductive number are plotted with and without control versus different values of parameters. This study shows that the infection will spread without control and can cover with treatment. The intensity of HBV/HCV co-infection is studied before and after optimal treatment. This represents a short drop after treatment. First, we formulate the model then find its equilibrium points for both. The models possess four distinct equilibria: HBV and HCV free, and endemic. For the proposed problem dynamics, we show the local as well as the global stability of the HBV and HCV. With the help of optimal control theory, we increase uninfected individuals and decrease the infected individuals. Three time-dependent variables are also used, namely, vaccination, treatment and isolation. Finally, optimal control is classified into optimality system, which we can solve with Runge–Kutta-order four method for different values of parameters. Finally, we will conclude the results for implementation to minimize the infected individuals.

INFLUENCE OF THE OVERLAP COEFFICIENT ON THE CONTRAST IN LASER MARKING OF C110W STEEL

The laser marking process by melting samples of C110W carbon tool steel was studied. The experiments were performed with a fiber laser and a CuBr laser. A field of squares is marked in a raster method for different values of the overlap coefficient and power density. The contrast of the marking is determined on each marked square. From the obtained experimental data, graphs of the dependence of the contrast on the overlap coefficient for three power densities were drawn. The obtained results for the two lasers are compared and the influence of the wavelength is indirectly analysed. The working intervals of the overlap coefficient for the studied power densities for the two lasers at which the optimal contrast in the processing zone is obtained are determined.

Numerical solution for chemical reaction and viscous dissipation phenomena on non-Newtonian MHD fluid flow and heat mass transfer due to a nonuniform stretching sheet with thermal radiation

Many studies have been performed on non-Newtonian fluid flow through the nonuniform stretching sheet. In most cases, the problem is assumed to be two-dimensional fluid flow and a similarity solution is exploited. In this paper, we consider the effect of viscous dissipation on the MHD non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat mass transfer due to slendering stretching sheet with thermal radiation. Both Williamson and Casson models are opted here while the mathematical modeling is used for the principle flow equations. By dimensionless transformation, the governing equations are transformed to identically coupled three equations along with three common boundary conditions imposed. They are then solved numerically by using Chebyshev spectral method for different values of the physical parameters involved. These governing parameters are graphically shown to have a considerable influence on the fluid flow and heat mass transfer characteristics of this model. Local heat transfer rate is found to depend on both magnetic parameter and Casson parameter in addition to the Eckert number dependence. Likewise, due to increase of Casson parameter, the sheet temperature and the thermal boundary layer thickness enhances and also the same behavior is observed for increasing the radiation parameter.

Fifth order solution of halo orbits via Lindstedt–Poincaré technique and differential correction method

In the frame work of the perturbed restricted three-body problem, the solutions of halo orbits are developed up to fifth order approximation by using Lindstedt–Poincaré technique. The effect of oblateness of the more massive primary on the size, location and period of halo orbits around L1 and L2 are studied by considering the Earth–Moon system. Due to oblateness of the Earth, halo orbits around L1 and L2 enlarge and move towards the Moon. Also, the period of halo orbits around L1 and L2 decreases. Numerical solution for halo orbits around L1 and L2 in the Sun–Earth system is obtained by using the differential correction method for different values of radiation pressure and oblateness. The separation between the orbits obtained using fourth and fifth order Lindstedt–Poincaré method as well as differential correction method is found to be less than the separation between the orbits obtained using third and fourth order Lindstedt–Paincaré as well as differential correction method. This indicates that as the order of the solution increases the separation between consecutive solution decreases leading to more accurate solution.

A malaria model with Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana–Baleanu derivatives

In this paper, we study two fractional models in the Caputo–Fabrizio sense and Atangana–Baleanu sense, in which the effects of malaria infection on mosquito biting behavior and attractiveness of humans are considered. Using Lyapunov theory, we prove the global asymptotic stability of the unique endemic equilibrium of the integer-order model, and the fractional models, whenever the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is greater than one. By using fixed point theory, we prove existence, and conditions of the uniqueness of solutions, as well as the stability and convergence of numerical schemes. Numerical simulations for both models, using fractional Euler method and Adams–Bashforth method, respectively, are provided to confirm the effectiveness of used approximation methods for different values of the fractional-order [Formula: see text].

Hypoxia-Triggered Self-Assembly of Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Amplify the Imaging Signal of a Tumor.

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon among most solid tumors that significantly influences tumor response toward chemo- and radiotherapy. Understanding the distribution and extent of tumor hypoxia in patients will be very important to provide personalized therapies in the clinic. Without sufficient vessels, however, traditional contrast agents for clinical imaging techniques will have difficulty in accumulating in the hypoxic region of solid tumors, thus challenging the detection of hypoxia in vivo. To overcome this problem, herein we develop a novel hypoxia imaging probe, consisting of a hypoxia-triggered self-assembling ultrasmall iron oxide (UIO) nanoparticle and assembly-responding fluorescence dyes (NBD), to provide dual-mode imaging in vivo. In this strategy, we have employed nitroimidazole derivatives as the hypoxia-sensitive moiety to construct intermolecular cross-linking of UIO nanoparticles under hypoxia, which irreversibly form larger nanoparticle assemblies. The hypoxia-triggered performance of UIO self-assembly not only amplifies its T2-weighted MRI signal but also promotes the fluorescence intensity of NBD through its emerging hydrophobic environment incorporated into self-assemblies. In vivo results further confirm that our hypoxic imaging probe can display a prompt MRI signal for the tumor interior region, and its signal enhancement performs a long-term effective feature and gradually reaches 3.69 times amplification. Simultaneously, this probe also exhibits obvious green fluorescence in the hypoxic region of tumor sections. Accordingly, we also have developed a MRI difference value method to visualize the 3D distribution and describe the extent of the hypoxic tumor region within the whole bodies of mice. Due to its notable efficiency of penetration and accumulation inside a hypoxic tumor, our hypoxia imaging probe could also be considered as a potential candidate as a versatile platform for hypoxia-targeted drug delivery, and meanwhile its hypoxia-related therapeutic efficacy can be monitored.

The Effect of Sustainability Report Disclosure and Innovations on Earnings Informativeness With Environmental Performance as Moderating

As climate change has been worsens, businesses must pay more attention to how their activities affect the environment. The intentions of this current research are to analysed at the influence of environmental performance in moderating the relationship between sustainability reporting disclosure and earnings informativeness. This research paper used Purposive Sampling Method as a sampling technique and identified forty-two (42) companies in manufacture and mining sector listed in the IDX, which follow PROPER consistently and publishes audited annual reports from 2017-2019. Meanwhile, an Absolute Difference Value Method uses to test the effect of the moderating variable, and SPSS V27 use as a statistic analytical tool to analyse the hypothesis. The empirical test result indicate that environmental performance could weaken the effect of sustainability report disclosure on the informativeness of earnings, and on the other hand it also could strengthen the influence of corporate innovation on earnings informativeness. On the other hand, it doesn't have a significant direct effect on the informativeness of earnings.

Periodic response of a nonlinear axially moving beam with a nonlinear energy sink and piezoelectric attachment

An efficient semi-numerical framework is used in this paper to analyze the dynamic model of an axially moving beam with a nonlinear attachment composed of a nonlinear energy sink and a piezoelectric device. The governing equations of motion of the system are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle with von Karman strain-displacement relation and Euler - Bernoulli beam theory. The nonlinear energy sink is modeled as a lumped - mass system composed of a point mass, a spring with nonlinear cubic stiffness and a linear viscous damping element. The piezoelectric device is placed in the ground configuration. Frequency response curves of the presented nonlinear system are determined by introducing the incremental harmonic balance and continuation method for different values of material parameters. Based on the Floquet theory, the stability of periodic solutions was determined. Moreover, the presented results are validated with the results obtained by a numerical method as well as the results from the literature. Numerical examples show a significant effect of the nonlinear attachment on frequency response diagrams and vibration amplitude reduction of the primary beam structure.

Bianchi type-V solutions with varying G and Λ: The general case

The homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants” with a general (nonstiff) perfect fluid is investigated. The Einstein field equations (EFEs) are numerically integrated with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method for different values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] parameters of quantum fields in a curved and expanding background. Three realistic models, namely matter, radiation and phantom dark energy models are also discussed. In all these models, it was found that the cosmological “constant” decreases with time, whereas the gravitational “constant” increases over time. It is shown that the universe in these models becomes isotropic at late times.