Content Analysis Method Research Articles

Factors associated with working women’s perceived intention to drink in Japan: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Alcohol use among women has been increasing rapidly. As the social context of women has changed, and the number of working women has risen, the prevention of alcohol-related problems among them has become increasingly important for their lifelong health. This study identified factors related to drinking intention, as perceived by working women in Japan. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling. Factors related to the intention to drink and those that discourage drinking as perceived by working women were investigated. Categories for each factor were generated using the content analysis method. Thirty-one working women participated in this study. Six categories of factors related to drinking intention as perceived by working women were generated, including ‘work-related stress coping’, and four categories of factors for abstaining from drinking were generated, including ‘having a role as a mother’. The study’s findings are significant for enhancing alcohol-related health literacy among working women. It is important to note that this study focused specifically on working women in Japan and did not include comparisons with men. Therefore, further research is needed to explore gender differences, multicultural perspectives, and a diverse range of occupations to build a more comprehensive body of evidence.

Assessing Greece’s transition to digital diplomacy: insights from Twitter/X (2021–2022)

ABSTRACT In 2019, the Greek government pledged to reform the strategic and operational orientation of its foreign policy. The reform placed particular emphasis on public diplomacy and the adoption of digital and social media strategies. This paper attempts to assess how these reform principles are reflected in the Greek digital diplomacy conducted on Twitter, now known as X. To achieve these goals, the study collected posts and related metrics from 40 government officials engaged in Twitter/X diplomacy during 2021–2022. The retrieved dataset was analysed using semi-automated content analysis, combining digital and manual methods to uncover the underlying narratives and structures in the sample. The results indicate that reforms have begun to show initial effects, with partial progress in both strategic and operational areas, but shortcomings mainly in thematic representation and content production.

A Hospital-Based Survey Assessing Facility-Level Factors Contributing to Late-Stage Cervical Cancer Diagnosis: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

Background In Kenya, cervical cancer is the 2nd commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the top cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Over 50% of cervical cancer cases worldwide are diagnosed at a late stage, with this percentage rising to 80% in developing countries. Poor Health systems are major causes of late-stage diagnosis, leading to low survival rates and increased mortalities among cervical cancer patients. This study focused on determining the facility-level factors that contribute to late-stage diagnosis among cervical cancer patients. Methods An analytical cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted to collect data on hospital and referral systems experiences from 139 cervical cancer patients systematically sampled at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), using a semi structured questionnaire. In-depth interviews were conducted on 8 Key Informants. Associations between stage at diagnosis (dependent variable) and independent variables were tested using logistic regression at 95% Confidence Interval. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis method. Results Participants mean age was 51 years. 86 (61.9%) were diagnosed at advanced stages III and IV. A higher number of hospital referral instances, facing challenges during the referral process, and prolonged waiting times for diagnostic results were identified as key contributors to late-stage cervical cancer diagnosis. Conclusion Delays in diagnosis for most patients is due to poor health and referral systems. The study recommends improving referral systems and encouraging partnerships to decentralize cancer diagnostic.

Influencing Factors of Student Migration for Abroad Study

Migration refers to the process of a group of individuals moving from one location to another. One specific type of migration is student migration for studying abroad, which falls under the category of international migration. This research focuses on exploring the factors that influence student migration for education abroad. Twenty cases were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods from a group of students interested in studying abroad. A content analysis method was employed to analyze both primary and secondary data. In Nepal, student migration has been rapidly increasing over the past decade, as many seek sustainable career opportunities. The country struggles to retain its youth due to a lack of well-paying job opportunities that offer respect and stability, compounded by political uncertainty, which leads to widespread frustration. Many students feel uncertain about their prospects if they remain in Nepal, prompting a sense of hopelessness that drives them to consider studying abroad—often seen as a more viable option. They are particularly attracted to developed nations. The data aligns with the assumptions of the theory of the mode of production and the theory of globalization.

Beneficiaries' role in averting quality challenges in government social housing construction

Abstract Purpose: Upon assuming office in 1994, the South African government began constructing social housing for the less privileged to improve their socioeconomic living standards. However, one of the primary factors behind the rising unhappiness with government-constructed social housing is the beneficiaries' lack of involvement. The study sought to identify beneficiaries' role in averting quality challenges in government social housing construction. Methodology: A qualitative approach using random sampling was used to interview construction professionals with experience constructing government social housing. Online interviews were conducted with 29 participants, and the data were analysed using a thematic content analysis method to generate themes and sub-themes. Findings: The results indicate that to avert quality challenges in government-constructed social housing, the beneficiaries have a considerable role in the planning, construction, and post-construction phases of the project implementation. Beneficiaries must be provided with the necessary documentation, prevent political interference, participate in the construction process, monitor progress, and train to maintain the houses after construction. Value of the paper: This study indicates how beneficiaries can partake in the development process of government-constructed social housing. The findings will enable beneficiaries to participate in ensuring satisfactory constructed social housing.

Content Analysis of Augmented Reality in STEM Education

<p dir="ltr"><span>This study aims to comprehensively examine academic studies conducted on the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in STEM education in the last five years (2020-2024). A total of 23 studies were analysed in different dimensions such as publication type, year, location, number of authors, discipline and country. The main purpose of the research is to compile current literature on the use of AR in STEM education, determine trends in this field and guide future studies. In this way, educators, researchers and policy makers will have a more in-depth understanding of the use of AR technology in education and will be able to contribute to developments in this field. Augmented reality is a technology that revolutionises education by enriching learning experiences. Especially in fields where abstract concepts are intense such as STEM, AR enables students to better understand and apply these concepts. It also plays an important role in the development of 21st century skills such as problem solving, critical thinking and creativity. In this study, the data obtained from the Google Scholar database was examined using the content analysis method. The analysis results show that the use of AR in STEM education has attracted increasing interest, especially increasing students' motivation and positively affecting their academic success. In addition, applications and comparative analyses of AR in different STEM disciplines are also presented.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

Translation of Subtitles: Neurolinguistic and Cognitive Aspects

<p dir="ltr"><span>This study examines academic research on the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in STEM education from 2020 to 2024. A total of 23 studies were analysed based on dimensions such as publication type, year, location, authorship, discipline, and country. The main goal is to compile the current literature, identify trends, and guide future research, helping educators, researchers, and policymakers understand and contribute to developments in AR education. AR enriches learning experiences, especially in STEM fields with abstract concepts, by aiding comprehension and application while fostering problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity. Data obtained from the Google Scholar database was analysed using the content analysis method. The results highlight AR’s increasing interest in STEM education, particularly its ability to enhance students’ motivation and academic success. The study also includes applications and comparative analyses of AR across STEM disciplines, offering insights into its impact and potential.</span></p>

The Role of Resilience in Maintaining Religious Identity—The Life Story of a Nun

In Hungary, the monastic orders were dissolved in 1950 during the harshest communist dictatorship. A total of 11,538 people were affected by the ban. The consequences of the dissolution of the monastic orders not only affected the people who were directly involved but also practically the whole society. The orders had an important role on the education, society and culture of the country, and their banning for ideological reasons had enormous consequences. The question is how dissolved monks and nuns managed to integrate into a society where they were marginalized. Through the life story of a nun, named Speravia (1914–2009), I present the behavioral patterns which helped to survive the persecution of religion during communism and then in socialism. I found that she maintained her religious identity through change and resilient means. Identity maintenance in modern society is a dynamic process in which there is room for change through constant adaptation to the environment. Her obedience was transformed into accommodation to the political system by making deals with the system. This behavior can be called resilience. Resilient behavior is characterized by both resistance and accommodation. To do this, she had to be active and have the support of her environment. In this study, I used the principles of Grounded Theory, which is a specific content analysis method. I analyzed the interview using the Grounded Theory approach, at least some of its techniques. I coded some parts of the interview line by line and other parts only as units of thought. Then, I aggregated the codes and I formulated categories. After this process, I compared the meanings of the categories and it became clear to me that my interviewee’s behavior could be understood as resilient. This is why I emphasized the role of resilience in identity maintenance in the title of the study. My conclusion is that while Sperávia flexibly adapted to the new political system, she could also preserve her identity as a nun. I call this survival strategy religious resilience.

Islamophobia di Kanada

Islamophobia, as a global phenomenon, has seen significant impacts in various countries, including Canada. This research aims to investigate the dynamics of Islamophobia in Canada, explore the factors that influence public perceptions, and analyse its impact on Muslims. Using media content analysis, community surveys, and case study methods, this research identifies a number of cases of discrimination, negative rhetoric, and violence faced by Muslim communities in Canada. The study also examines how the mass media plays a key role in shaping public perceptions of Islam, as well as the extent to which government policies and regulations reflect the protection of Muslim rights. Findings highlight trends of inequality in everyday life, including in the workplace, education, and social interactions. In addition, the research discusses the efforts that have been taken by the government, Muslim community organisations to address Islamophobia. In particular, focus is given to educational initiatives and interfaith dialogue as a way to promote mutual respect in Canada's multicultural society. The study concludes by highlighting the challenges still faced by the Muslim community in Canada and emphasising the importance of cross-sectoral cooperation to create an inclusive and equitable environment for all its citizens, regardless of religious or cultural identity.

Factors and Strategies Influencing Chemotherapy Safety Among Oncology Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

The purpose of this research is to describe the factors affecting hazardous chemotherapy exposure and strategies to foster chemotherapy safety among oncology nurses. Fifteen oncology nurses and 5 oncology nurse managers were recruited from 2 medical centers in the Midwest United States through convenience purposive sampling. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and analyzed using the content analysis method. Five main themes emerged: (1) description of chemotherapy exposure incidents, (2) nurse's personal health beliefs, (3) cues to adhere to chemotherapy handling guidelines, (4) invisible exposure to chemotherapy, and (5) strategies to promote chemotherapy safety at the workplace. Important strategies that promote chemotherapy safety for nurses are providing continuous education on chemotherapy safety, offering chemotherapy-specific equipment and personal protective equipment in several sizes, promoting nurses' health beliefs toward chemotherapy safety (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy), supporting a culture of safety at the workplace, having policies on handling guidelines and exposure incident reporting, monitoring nurses' adherence to chemotherapy handling guidelines, using hazard labels and alerts, and monitoring chemotherapy contamination on common surfaces in oncology settings. Oncology nurses and nurse managers should be involved in designing strategies that promote nurses' occupational safety.

Experiences of Intern Nurses Returning From Distance Education to Clinical Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

The present study aimed to understand the experiences of intern nurses returning to clinical practice after a year-long distance education during the pandemic. The study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method. The participants were 32 intern nurses. The data included specific narratives on the experience of intern nurses returning from distance education to clinical practice during the pandemic. Data were collected through a total of four focus group interviews. Data analysis was conducted using an inductive qualitative analysis approach. The content analysis identified three main categories. The category 'Feelings during Clinical Practice' included the subcategories 'fear', 'uncertainty' and 'intolerance'. The category 'Challenges during Clinical Practice' included the subcategories 'sleep problems', 'alienation from clinical placement', 'lack of knowledge and experience', 'hospital staff', 'difficulty reaching nurse educator' and 'lack of protective equipment'. The category 'Suggestions for Clinical Practice' included the subcategories 'psychological support', 'case discussion and academic counselling' and 'protective equipment support'. The study revealed that intern nurses faced various challenges in clinical settings following their year-long distance education. The results may help nurse educators understand the experiences of intern nurses returning to clinical practice after a year-long distance education and determine the teaching strategies to be followed in specific situations like pandemics in the future.

Barriers and facilitators for improving oral anticoagulant medication adherence in lower extremity deep venous thrombosis patients after spinal surgery: A qualitative study using the COM-B model.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity causes a major disease burden globally. Currently, oral anticoagulant therapy is used as the first-line treatment of DVT, however, medication non-adherence remains a serious problem for postoperative spinal surgery patients whose DVT incidence is at a high level. To explore barriers and facilitators affecting patient oral anticoagulant medication adherence, based on guidance using the COM-B model. This study was a qualitative study using a descriptive research design with in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed adopting traditional content analysis methods. Based on the COM-B theoretical model, we identified 9 barriers and facilitators from capability, opportunity, and motivation domains. Patients were confronted with barriers from capability, opportunity, and motivation domains, which were not isolated but interrelated. Future interventions should incorporate facilitators and barriers to address medication adherence issue with a holistic approach at multiple levels.

The problems of school principals with auxiliary school personnel and suggestions for solutions

The purpose of this research is to determine the problems that school principals experience with the assistant school personnel and their solutions to the problems. The study group of this research, which was carried out as a qualitative case study, consists of 33 school principals working in Eğirdir district of Isparta province. The data of the research were obtained with a semi-structured interview form consisting of demographic information and open-ended questions. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. When the findings of the research are examined; it has been determined that the majority of school principals have problems with the assistant school personnel, and the most important problem is the inadequacy of these personnel. In addition, each principal tries to produce special solutions for their own conditions; it has been determined that there are suggestions that can be put into practice with central decisions on terms of appointment, legal regulations and improvement.

Psychosocial Situations Encountered By Athletes: Opinions of Orienteering Coaches

It is not surprising that athletes face many psychological strains in the competitive sports environment. The orienteering athlete, on the other hand, demonstrates making conscious decisions while interpreting the complexity of the map and recognizing the features of his/her environment, and in doing so, faces a psychological burden. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of orienteering coaches about the psychological difficulties experienced by their athletes in the competitive sports environment and what methods of solution to this situation. In the research, phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, and homogeneous sampling, one of the purposeful sampling types, were used. The research group consists of 3rd level orienteering coaches (n: 6, 4 women, 2 men). A semi-structured interview form was used to obtain data in the study. Content analysis method was used when analyzing data. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that a structure with two themes was formed: "Psychological Strains Encountered by Athletes" and "Solution Suggestions for Psychological Difficulties Encountered by Athletes". The codes formed under the themes and categories create concepts such as athletes before and during the competition, stress, anxiety, focus, excitement, fear, low motivation, high expectation, lack of self-confidence and focus. The opinions of the coaches regarding the solution suggestions are; Concepts such as entering a psychological regime, breathing stretches, positive inner speech of the athlete, visual and auditory checking during the competition, visualization work, increasing motivation and visually analyzing the terrain are seen. As a result, the coaches stated that the athletes encountered many psychological negativities during the competition and that they tried to improve the athlete by introducing a psychological regime to solve these problems.

A qualitative study of the spirituality of volunteers registered for human organ donation

BackgroundExploring the spiritual cognition of human organ donation registration volunteers, aiming to provide new ideas for promoting the development of organ donation through this perspective.MethodsThis qualitative research was conducted following the conventional content analysis method. 10 registered volunteers for human organ donation were selected from July to December 2023 for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Snowball sampling was employed to select the participants. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted for data gathering. Theoretical saturation was achieved through 10 interviews. Colaizzi phenomenological 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview content.ResultsThe spirituality of registered volunteers for human organ donation can be summarized into three themes and seven sub themes: ① Spiritual Understanding (Love & Life Extension, Dedication to society, Death elevates life); ② The Supporting Role of Spirituality (Become a spiritual motivation for a better life, self-transcendence ); ③ The Spiritual Emotional Value of Organ Donation (Sense of accomplishment and pride, Sense of complexity and ambivalence).ConclusionThe willingness to donate organs is closely related to spirituality. By understanding the spirituality of this group, it is possible to take an important step in promoting the development of organ donation.

The Use of Music in Political Communication: A Study on The Election Songs Used by Ruling and Main Opposition Parties in Türkiye’s Local Administration Elections on March 31, 2024

This study aims to analyze the election songs used in the election campaigns of the mayoral candidates of the Justice and Development Party (AK Parti) and the Republican People's Party (CHP) in İstanbul, Ankara, and İzmir on March 31, 2024, Türkiye’s Local Administrations Elections. The data collected using the case study methodology was analyzed using the content analysis method in the MAXQDA program. The findings showed that both party candidates preferred moving/exuberant songs which appealed to the voters at a high level in their election campaigns. They moderately preferred original election songs, adapted popular songs, and songs conveying socio-psychological messages. They showed a low preference for songs that criticized the policies of the opposition or government, slow or stationary songs, songs promising prosperity, and message-oriented songs. Therefore, there is little possibility for the two parties' candidates to differentiate from each other in the use of music. The results of the similarity analysis revealed that the songs belonging to the same party showed a high level of similarity with each other. In contrast, the songs of different parties showed low similarity. The study implications are helpful for researchers conducting studies on similar issues.

Understanding the experience of the mothers’ ability to take care of their preterm infants related to in-hospital and post-discharge: a qualitative content analysis

BackgroundPreterm infants may experience many health and developmental issues, which continue even after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Once home, the mother, as a non-professional and the primary caregiver will be responsible for the essential care of her preterm infant.PurposeUnderstanding the take care ability in mothers with preterm infants.MethodsThe content analysis method was used. The data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews from April 2021 to February 2022. Eleven mothers, two fathers, two grandmothers, one neonatal nurse, and two neonatologists with a mean age of 36.05 ± 10.88 years were selected using purposeful and snowballing sampling in Tehran, Iran. Allocating adequate time for data collection, gathering data through different methods, peer checking by two qualitative researchers, long interaction with the settings, maximum variation sampling, appropriate quotations, and showing the range of facts fairly and honestly were considered to ensure the trustworthiness of this study. The data were analyzed through Lindgren et al.’s approach using MAXQDA software.ResultsBased on the findings and participants’ experiences in 18 deep interviews, the mothers with desirable care ability have adequate ability as described by 17 subcategories and are categorized into five dimensions. The care ability of the mothers of preterm infants upon neonatal intensive care unit discharge consisted of five categories including maternal identity, infant’s needs, cognitive ability, technical ability, and psychological ability.Implications for practice and researchIn the mothers of preterm infants, maternal identity and the infant’s needs are antecedents of the care ability concept. The care ability of the mothers with preterm infants is distinct from those of other caregivers. This is a multi-dimensional concept and trait related to maternal cognitive ability, technical ability, and maternal psychological ability. Professional neonatal nurses should assess their care ability from multiple perspectives: cognitive, technical, and psychological abilities. They should be considered in designing empowerment and engagement programs for the improvement of the care ability of the mothers of preterm infants. Both mothers and professional neonatal nurses should take responsibility for improving the mothers' ability to take care of their preterm infants.

Comparative Analysis of the 2018 and 2024 Science Curricula about Environmental Topics Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy

Purpose: The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the science curricula of 2018 science course and The Century of Türkiye Education Model’s science course according to Bloom's taxonomy in the context of environmental issues. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the study, the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research data collection methods, was used. In the process of selecting the Science curricula published in 2018 and 2024 to be compared in the study, the Science Curricula approved by the Board of Education was taken as the data source. The data were analysed using the content analysis method. Findings: There were a total of 30 learning outcomes in the context of environmental issues in the 2018 science curriculum and a total of 61 learning outcomes in the 2024 science curriculum. In the 2024 science curriculum, it was noteworthy that the number of learning outcomes increased and learning outcomes were also included in the recall and evaluation stages. It is very important that the objectives in the "environment" subjects, especially in the application, analysis and evaluation stages, are more than the 2018 curriculum in order for individuals to transform their knowledge into behavior.

The Significance of Artificial Intelligence in Learning and Education Management in the Light of Philosophy of Education: A Critical Appraisal

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the framework of education has spelt out a remarkable landmark in the history of educational revolution. Both in teaching-learning methodologies and management practice, AI is rapidly becoming a pivotal indispensability. Employing qualitative methods of conceptual frame, content analysis and literature review, this paper critically evaluates the significance of AI in learning and education management in the light of philosophy of education. The highlights of the paper include the concepts of AI, learning, education management, and philosophy of education. Philosophical perspectives and ethical considerations in implementing AI technology are also discussed. The capacity of AI to inform personalized learning, enhance intelligent learning, and facilitate data-driven decision making is critically examined. The paper, going forward, explores the transformational role of teachers amid the reality of the AI environmental permeation and centrality, with a focus on the need for teachers to be adequately equipped with requisite skills that promote critical thinking, creativity and innovation. In the process of the critical appraisal, it is discovered that AI has great potentials to engender harmonized and customized learning experiences. It is also discovered that it equally brings, in its wake, hordes of challenges and concerns with regard to the possibility of stripping the human face of education in terms of depersonalization, ethical concerns, danger of data privacy and algorithmic bias. On the basis of the findings, the paper recommends, among others, that stakeholders in education should adopt a balanced approach to the issue of AI in learning and education management. In this model of approach, AI is to be given an ancillary position as a source of information and knowledge in the process of education. In this way, AI will play a complementary role to the time-tested traditional values through which education strives to offer and achieve a comprehensive development of the learner. This will go a long way in addressing the challenges associated with AI, thereby harnessing its transformative potentials in learning and education management.

Secondary amputation: a qualitative study of quality of life in patients after primary limb salvage surgery and after later ablative sarcoma treatment.

This study focuses on how patients experience the time following amputation after primary limb salvage surgery due to musculoskeletal malignancies. Limb salvage is state of the art in the treatment of musculoskeletal tumours. Nonetheless, in some cases, limb salvage can become problematic over time, resulting in poorer limb function and septic outcomes. This raises the question of whether amputation is indicated sooner rather than later. Patients who have undergone secondary amputation might retrospectively prefer a different approach. Interview study. Patients who underwent primary limb salvage surgery followed by later ablative sarcoma treatment. Semi-structured interviews and the standardized "Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility" questionnaire were conducted. Interviews were analysed according to Mayring content analysis method. Amputation is perceived as an improvement after a long course of illness with little quality of life. By enhancing the amputation environment and providing detailed information regarding quality of life afterwards, emotional pressure could be reduced and patient satisfaction improved. Surgical options for ablation should be openly communicated earlier when consulting patients experiencing recurrent complications that might eventually lead to amputation. Supporting factors that subsequently may help to improve quality of life after amputation were further identified.