Descriptive Study Research Articles

Traditional medicine use to manage hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension in Ecuador

Abstract Background Although the use of traditional medicine (TM) to manage health issues is frequently reported, clinical guidelines often overlook this practice. This study aimed to describe the frequency of TM use to control 3 cardiometabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycaemia, collectively referred to as CMRF here); and associated sociodemographic, economic, and clinical characteristics. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study with a representative population of two health districts in Ecuador, one urban in southern Quito and one in a forested rural area with diverse ethnic groups in Esmeraldas. We included 602 individuals with at least one CMRF and calculated the proportion of those who reported regular use of TM (herbal or traditional remedies) to control their CMRF. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to calculate Odds Ratios for TM use according to sociodemographic, economic, and clinical characteristics. Results TM was commonly used to control CMRF in both sociocultural contexts (39.4% Esmeraldas, 31.1% Quito), often in combination with conventional medicine (CM). A notable percentage of people (33.9% Esmeraldas, 39.0% Quito) did not take any treatment for their CMRF, and the rest used CM alone. In both settings, education was significantly associated with TM use. While in Quito people with higher education were more likely to use TM (aOR 2.04, 95%CI 1.03-3.90), in Esmeraldas, it was more common among people without formal schooling (aOR 3.76; 95%CI 1.59-8.88) as well as those of younger age (aOR per year 0.97; 95%CI 0.95-0.99) and from Afro-Ecudorian ethnicity (aOR 2.13; 95%CI 1.02-4.45). Conclusions Traditional medicine is used by a significant portion of Ecuador’s population, highlighting the need for a more accessible and intercultural approach to healthcare. Key messages • The use of traditional medicine to address hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycaemia appears to be widespread in different sociocultural and economic contexts of Ecuador. • To promote intercultural health, understanding the diverse sociocultural patterns associated with the use of traditional medicine, often combined with conventional medicine, is crucial.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Healthcare Workers Working in Malatya Towards COVID-19 Vaccines

Abstract Background The rapid production of vaccines and the introduction of new vaccine technologies have raised concerns among some individuals regarding anti-vaccination, while others have expressed worries about vaccines. Given that healthcare professionals’ recommendations significantly influence people’s vaccination decisions, this study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of healthcare professionals working in family health centers towards COVID-19 vaccines. Methods Questionnaires for this descriptive cross-sectional study were administered between February and April 2022. The population comprised 408 health workers employed in family health centers in Malatya, with 292 individuals completing the study. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines and the COVID-19 Fear Scale. Results Although 97.3% of the research group reported having received the COVID-19 vaccination, 47.9% expressed concerns about these vaccines. The median score of the COVID-19 Fear Scale was 15 (7.00-35.00). 86.6% of the participants indicated that they recommended COVID-19 vaccines. 16.4% of the participants agreed with the statement ‘there are no studies proving the safety of vaccines,’ and 49% agreed that ‘vaccines pass through clinical trials quickly and are put on the market’. Those who did not recommend COVID-19 vaccines, those who agreed with the statement ‘there are no studies proving the safety of vaccines’ and those who agreed with the statement ‘vaccines pass through clinical trials quickly and are put on the market’ were concerned about COVID-19 vaccines with their level of concern significantly higher (p < 0.05). Conclusions Almost all members of the research group had received the COVID-19 vaccine, yet almost half of them expressed concerns about vaccines. Those who do not recommend vaccines, those who believe they are released quickly, and those who have safety concerns are more likely to be concerned. Key messages • Identify the reasons for health workers’ concerns about vaccines and provide remedial interventions for concerns that may arise regarding other vaccines. • It should be ensured that healthcare professionals, who are expected to be role models for society in terms of immunization, possess scientific and up-to-date knowledge on vaccines.

Regional variation in incidence and mortality due to hypertension in Sao Tome and Principe

Abstract Background The analysis of incidence and mortality due to hypertension (HT) provides statistical data for addressing public health programs, particularly in low-income countries where poor health systems impose constraints to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aims to assess the geographic pattern of incidence and mortality due to HT in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). Methods This is a descriptive ecological study. Aggregated data on new cases of and deaths due to HT by gender, age-group and district (2022-2023) were extracted from the Health National Database (STP Ministry of Health). Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was computed by district (lower values indicate better quality of care). Comparison between districts was done through standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and respective p-value. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results ASIR and ASMR per 100,000 were, respectively, 1168.9 (95%CI:1103.3-1237.6) and 76.8 (95%CI:62.0-96.2) among men and 2460.6 (95%CI:2365.0-2559.0) and 99.7 (95%CI:81.4-121.6) among women. Incidence of HT was significantly higher than expected (p < 0.001) in Agua Grande, Caue and Lemba with SIR varying from 122.8% (Agua Grande) to 201.1% (Caue) in men and from 125.1% (Lemba) to 224.1% (Caue) in women. Instead, Mé-Zochi presented much lower incidence than expected for both, men (SIR=43.1%;p<0.001) and women (SIR=38.4%;p<0.001). Large differences between districts were observed in MIR, varying from 0% (Caue and Lobata) to 84% (Mé-Zochi) in men and from 0% (Lobata) to 57% (Mé-Zochi) in women. Conclusions According to our findings there is, not only, a high incidence rate of HT, but also regional variation in this rate, deserving particular attention from policy-makers. Regional variation in hypertension incidence could be partially explained by differences in the quality of healthcare services. Key messages • Awareness should be given to the high incidence of hypertension demanding preventive strategies in the field of public health. • Public health strategies should address the quality of care in regards to the prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension.

How do patients with head and neck cancer and low skeletal muscle mass experience cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy? A qualitative study

BackgroundPatients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) face several physical, emotional, and psychological challenges throughout treatment. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an effective but toxic treatment, with an increased risk for toxicities in patients with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Consequently, these patients are anticipated to experience greater treatment-related difficulties. We aimed to explore the experiences of patients with HNSCC and low SMM regarding cisplatin-based CRT.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted, interviewing seven patients 3 months after CRT using a topic guide. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews was conducted, to create a multi-dimensional understanding of patients’ experiences during and after cisplatin-based CRT.ResultsPrior to CRT themes included pre-treatment information, expectations towards treatment and trial, psychosocial circumstances, and supporting network. During CRT themes included toxicities, psychosocial impact, and supporting network. After CRT themes included reflection on period during CRT, psychosocial circumstances, informal support from networks and healthcare workers, and ongoing toxicities.ConclusionMost patients experience cisplatin-based CRT as a life-changing and distressing life event but cope through various strategies and supporting networks. Tailored counseling, ideally with on-demand consultations, is recommended. No differences were noted in patients’ perceptions of their cisplatin regimen.

Evaluation of Covid-19 risk perception and psychological status of transplant patients

Abstract Background Liver transplant patients are in the more at-risk group in terms of COVID-19 infection and mortality due to both immunosuppressive treatment and underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the COVID-19 risk perception, compliance with preventive measures, and psychosocial status of liver transplant patients. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional survey study included 311 patients who underwent liver transplantation between 2002 -2021 and presented to the outpatient clinic for routine controls. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire form used to collect the data of the study included a demographic and clinical characteristics form, the Short Depression-Happiness Scale, the COVID-19 Prevention Guidelines Compliance Scale, and the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale. The Mann-Whitney U, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis were used in statistical analyses. Results The median age of the transplant patients who participated in the study was 56 (18-76) years. Of the transplant patients, 84.9% stated that they had COVID-19 vaccination. There was a statistically significant, very weak relationship between the scores of the Brief Depression-Happiness Scale and the COVID-19 Compliance with Preventive Measures Scale (r = 0.132; p = 0.02), and a weak, significant relationship in the same direction between the scores of the COVID-19 Compliance with Preventive Measures Scale and the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale (r = 0.344; p = 0.001). Conclusions The vaccination rates of the patients were high. As the depression status of the patients decreases, their compliance with preventive measures increases, and as their compliance with preventive measures increases, their risk perception increases. Key messages • Since transplant patients are a vulnerable group, their vaccination status is important in terms of mortality risk. • Psychological factors such as depression-happiness scores influence adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among transplant patients.

Work context and drinking behavior in the French public service: a qualitative study

IntroductionAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are a major public health problem. Among the working population, alcohol is the most frequently used psychoactive substance, as well as the most inappropriately used. Alcohol consumption reduces the worker’s psychophysical integrity, leads to an increase in inappropriate behavior, accidents and injuries, and affects the safety and health of other workers. Thus, the workplace must play an essential role in prevention. Particularly in France, in the civil service, a specific professional sector made up of many professionals exposed to stress, the prevention of AUD must play an essential role. The objective of this study was to describe the framework of alcohol consumption in the French public service in order to understand the sources of alcohol consumption behaviors and to identify the prevention measures to be implemented, in order to reduce the risk of transition to an alcohol use disorder.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study was based on focus groups. Sampling was purposive and data saturation was verified. Coding was “in vivo,” descriptive and pattern-oriented. Analysis was inductive thematic, and the COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsFirstly, the presence of alcohol in the workplace has been characterized by a before-and-after a prohibition law, and by the revelation of mechanisms for avoiding the ban. Then, the three main determinants for alcohol use disorders were: society, work and personal factors. Lastly, the prevention initiatives identified must be based on both collective and individual approaches. They must be encouraged by the hierarchy, include screening, accompaniment to care, and take into account both work in the workplace and work at home. The fight against work-related alcohol use disorders must be part of the corporate culture.DiscussionPreventing alcohol-related disorders among civil servants will help fight the burden of non-communicable diseases.

Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of new users of dapagliflozin for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an observational study programme across 12 countries (EVOLUTION HF)

Abstract Background Clinical trials have shown that dapagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i), reduces cardiovascular mortality and worsening heart failure (HF). Adoption of new therapies has historically been slow despite robust evidence. Furthermore, treatment profiles of patients in real-world settings are scarce. Purpose EVOLUTION HF is a multinational study programme that aims to describe clinical characteristics and treatment patterns among patients initiating dapagliflozin for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in routine clinical practice. Methods The EVOLUTION HF primary data study programme consists of prospective, observational, descriptive studies of new users of dapagliflozin for HFrEF in 12 countries (Italy, Portugal, UK and the Central and Eastern Europe and Baltic [CEEBA] region [Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovenia]). Patients with type 1 diabetes or prior SGLT-2i treatment were excluded. Clinical characteristics were obtained from electronic health records. A total of 2170/2555 (85%) patients were enrolled from November 2021 to November 2023; 1736 patient profiles were assessed using descriptive statistics in this interim analysis. Results In total, 256, 228, 125 and 1127 new dapagliflozin users were analysed from Italy, Portugal, the UK and the CEEBA region, respectively (Table 1). Across the 12 countries, mean patient age in the studies was 65–70 years. Patients were predominantly male (67–76%) and generally had HF with an ischaemic aetiology (35–56%) and New York Heart Association functional class II (52–85%). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction in the studies was 29–32% and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 61–77 mL/min/1.73m². Hypertension and atrial fibrillation were common comorbidities. Mean time between HF diagnosis and dapagliflozin initiation in the studies was 23–52 months. Background therapy included angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (36–72%), angiotensin receptor blockers (4–12%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (9–33%). At 6 and 12 months after dapagliflozin initiation, respectively, treatment discontinuation rates across the CEEBA region were 5.22% (59/1131) and 4.66% (50/1072). Conclusions The EVOLUTION HF primary data study programme provides novel insights into clinical characteristics and treatment patterns in patients with HFrEF initiating dapagliflozin in real-world practice across a broad European population. At dapagliflozin initiation, a large proportion of patients were receiving other HF therapeutics, suggesting dapagliflozin is one of the later therapies to be initiated. Indeed, this study identified a substantial delay (23–52 months) in dapagliflozin initiation following HF diagnosis. Treatment discontinuation rates following dapagliflozin initiation were also low, reinforcing the findings of the EVOLUTION HF secondary data studies.

The Effects of Post-Earthquake Trauma Levels of Nursing Students on their Academic Motivation and Career Decisions.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of post-earthquake trauma levels of nursing students on their academic motivation and career decisions. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 228 students studying at Gaziantep Islamic Science and Technology University, Department of Nursing. The data were collected using an online questionnaire created by the researchers. This online questionnaire form consists of seven questions about socio-demographic characteristics, and it also includes the Determination of Post-Earthquake Trauma Levels Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and Career Decision Scale. SPSS 23.0 package program was used for the analysis of the data, and P < 0.05 was accepted for the level of significance. It was determined that the post-earthquake trauma level of the students was above the moderate level (63.49 ± 17.29) and that the extrinsic motivation-identified regulation, extrinsic motivation-external motivation, and intrinsic-knowledge levels were more affected by the earthquake (P < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the mean Career Decision Scale score of the students (74.20 ± 17.35) was below the average. It was determined that post-earthquake trauma level had positive effects on intrinsic motivation-stimulation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, but had no effect on career decision.

Healthcare workers’ experience of screening older adults in emergency care settings: a qualitative descriptive study using the Theoretical Domains Framework

BackgroundIn emergency care settings, screening for disease or risk factors for poor health outcomes among older adults can identify those in need of specialist and early intervention. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing older person-centred screening in emergency care settings in the Mid-West of Ireland.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative descriptive design underpinned by the theoretical domains framework (TDF). This design informs implementation strategy by establishing a theoretical foundation for focused objectives. One on one semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of healthcare workers (HCWs) to explore their screening experiences with older adults in emergency care settings. Information power guided sample size calculation. In data analysis, verbatim interview transcripts were deductively mapped to TDF constructs forming meta-themes that revealed specific barriers and facilitators to person-centred screening for older individuals. These findings will directly inform implementation strategies.ResultsThree themes were identified; Preconditions to Implementing Older Person-Centred Screening; Knowledge and Skills Required to Implement Older Person-centred Screening and Motivation to Deliver Older Person-Centred Screening. Overall, screening in emergency care settings is a complicated process which is ideally undertaken by knowledgeable and skilled practitioners with a keen awareness of team dynamics and environmental challenges in acute care settings. These practitioners serve as champions and sources of specialist knowledge and practice. Less experienced clinicians seek supervision and support to undertake screening competently and confidently. Education on frailty and aged related syndromes facilitates screening uptake. Recognition of the value of screening is a clear motivator and leadership is vital to sustain screening practices.ConclusionsScreening serves as an entry point for specialist intervention, necessitating a specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for effective implementation in emergency care settings. Strengthening screening practices for older adults who attend emergency care settings involves employing audit, supervision and tailored supports. Skilled and experienced practitioners play a key role in mentoring and supporting the broader MDT in screening engagement. Long-term and sustainable implementation relies on utilising existing managerial, practice development and educational resources to underpin screening practices. Communication between Emergency Department (ED) staff, the specialist team and wider geriatric team is vital to ensure a cohesive approach to delivering older person-centred care in the ED.

Exploring Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Practices Among African Americans in Rural Counties: A Qualitative Study.

The purpose of the study was to understand diabetes self-management practices among African American individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rural communities. This qualitative descriptive study, undergirded by the theory of integration, purposively sampled African Americans (N = 34) diagnosed with T2D living in rural communities. Thematic analysis employed both a priori and inductive coding to identify salient themes. Participants' mean age was 65.9 (SD 12.3) years, with an average T2D diagnosis duration of 14 (SE 11.2) years. Two major themes emerged: deciphering the cues and body sensing, which the participants used to monitor their glucose level using a personalized feedback loop. Those with longer diabetes duration demonstrated an ability to recognize hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic symptoms (deciphering the cues), informing their decision-making and self-management strategies (body sensing). The decision-making involved in glycemic level management emerges as a complex developmental process influenced by disease trajectory and cultural and environmental factors. These findings may inform a conceptual framework to guide future inquiries and provide insights for primary care clinicians and diabetes educators to better understand the complexities of T2D management among African American individuals in rural settings.

Acquaintance, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications among clinical nurses: a cross-sectional study at tertiary care hospitals in western Rajasthan

IntroductionIn today's era, conducting nursing research is crucial for the advancement of the nursing profession. Scientific publications in clinical research aim to improve patient care outcomes and foster a sense of importance for nurses within the healthcare team. However, clinical nurses often fall behind due to factors such as limited familiarity, attitudes toward research, and encountered barriers.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications among clinical nurses at tertiary care hospitals in western Rajasthan.MethodologyA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the clinical nurses. The participants were assessed for their knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding scientific research publications through a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe study revealed that 92% of the participants lacked sufficient knowledge about scientific research publications and 78.3% experienced moderate perceived barriers. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a weak positive correlation (r = 0.143, p = 0.007) between knowledge and attitude and a significant negative correlation (r = −0.143, p = 0.012) between knowledge and perceived barriers. However, multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant relationship among the clinical nurses in terms of knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers toward scientific research publications.ConclusionThis study on clinical nurses revealed that the majority had insufficient knowledge about scientific research, while over half had neutral attitudes toward research publications. In addition, a significant portion of the clinical nurses reported experiencing moderate perceived barriers.

Assaults against pandemic heroes: an observational study in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in Italy

Abstract Background Escalating violence against healthcare workers is a significant public health issue that undermines care quality and workers’ health. This descriptive study aims to examine trends in aggression across different pandemic phases. Methods The study analysed reported violence among healthcare workers from 2018 to 2023 within a Local Health Authority in Genoa, Italy. Variables of interest included the severity of aggression, the professionals affected, and the locations of incidents. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical methods, including multinomial logistic regression, to assess relationships across pandemic phases. Results Reported aggressions rose from 48 incidents in 2018 to 103 in 2023, totaling 463. Pre-pandemic physical violence was at 39%, dropping to 27% during and after the pandemic (χ²=7.4, df = 2, p &amp;lt; 0.025). Nurses experienced the highest violence rates, with an average of 72% pre-pandemic and 74% post-pandemic, reducing to 51% during the pandemic if compared with doctors (Coef -0.80; 95%CI -1.45|-0.15). Over half of incidents occurred in Emergency and Psychiatric Services, from 77% before to 51% after pandemic. Conversely, violence in Local Services rose from 7% before to 24% during and 28% after pandemic (χ²=56.9, df = 6, p &amp;lt; 0.000). If compared to Hospitals, violence in Local Services increased during (Coef 1.44; 95%CI 0.40|2.48) and post-pandemic (Coef 1.001; 95%CI 0.13|1.87), and in Psychiatric Services decreased post-pandemic (Coef -0.98; 95%CI -1.67|-0.29). Conclusions Violence against healthcare workers shifted during and post-pandemic, mirroring the decentralisation of healthcare due to pandemic. The urgent development and implementation of effective violence prevention strategies are imperative. These should include training, psychological support, security enhancements, and a strong organisational culture that prioritises safety and respect. Protecting healthcare workers is crucial for their well-being and to ensure high healthcare quality. Key messages • Escalating violence undermines care quality and healthcare worker well-being. Effective prevention strategies are essential, including training, support, and an organisation that prioritises safety. • Nurses are the main victims of violence. Violence is higher in Emergency Departments, but incidents are increasing in Local Health Services, due to organisational changes during and post-pandemic.

Resistance Profiles of the ESKAPEE Complex at Veracruz’ s Children Hospital, 2023

Abstract Introduction ESPAKEE complex bacteria are well known as a Multidrug Resistance Organisms that cause difficult mange infections. Management of these infections should be based on the monitoring of resistance profiles to provide appropriate therapy to reduce hospitalization costs and patient improvement. Materials and methods A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study analyzed 179 ESKAPEE bacteria isolated from pediatric patients (0-18 years) between January 1 and December 31, 2023. Laboratory tests utilized VITEK 2.0 technology, reporting Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and classifying them as resistant or non-resistant. Descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS v22. Results The study included 179 antibiograms. Among Enterobacter species, E. aerogenes (3) and E. cloacae (17) showed 100% resistance to cefalotin. S. aureus (22) exhibited the highest resistance to Oxacillin (36.4%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (40) demonstrated 97.5% resistance to Ampicillin, followed by resistance to first-generation cephalosporins: cefalotin 62.5%, and third-generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone and ceftazidime both at 60%. Acinetobacter baumannii (9) showed 100% resistance to Fosfomycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30) displayed 100% resistance to Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Cefuroxime. Enterococcus faecium (2) exhibited 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, ampicillin, and levofloxacin, while Enterococcus faecalis (16) showed 50% resistance to tetracycline. E. coli (39) exhibited the highest resistance to Ampicillin (87.2%), while in first-generation cephalosporins: cefalotin 66.7%, third generation: cefotaxime 66.7%, ceftazidime 64.1%, and ceftriaxone 66.7%. Conclusions The ESKAPEE complex species isolated in the hospital displayed diverse resistance profiles against various antibiotic families. Key messages • Monitoring ESKAPEE bacteria’s resistance profiles enables physicians to select appropriate antibiotics at optimal dosages and timings. • Physician should know the rate of resistance of the antibiotics that they use for treatment of ESKAPEE bacteria.

Pertussis on the territory of Serbia in 2024 - challenges and opportunities for the future

Abstract Introduction Surveillance of pertussis in Serbia is passive surveillance and every 3 to 4 years an increased number of positive cases are registered in the population. The last quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024 are characterized by an increased number of pertussis cases. Methods Descriptive study of cases with confirmed pertussis in the territory of the Republic of Serbia based on the evidence by the Public Health Service System of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia Results According to data from the Public Health Service System in the Republic of Serbia, a total of 1348 confirmed cases of pertussis were registered by the end of April 2024 (incidence rate 20.2 per 100,000 inhabitants). Conclusions The largest number of cases was registered in the age groups of people older than 20 years, that is, aged 10 to 14 years, while the highest age-specific incidence rate was recorded in the age group of infants younger than 12 months and in children aged 10 to 14 years. Of the total number of reported cases, 120 (8.9%) were hospitalized, with the largest number of those hospitalized being in the age group younger than 12 months (85, ie 70.8% of hospitalized cases). As for the territorial distribution, the largest number of pertussis cases in relation to the place of residence was reported from the territory of two districts, Južnobački District and the City of Belgrade, where the highest incidence rates were also registered. The postponement of timely vaccination against pertussis and the impossibility of vaccinating newborns up to 2 months of age have influenced the increase in the number of infected persons. Also, advanced PCR diagnostics during Covid and the possibility of applying PCR diagnostics in pertussis helped the timely diagnosis of pertussis. The introduction of vaccination with another dose of acellular pertussis vaccine and vaccination of pregnant women would be a desirable public health intervention to prevent pertussis infection. Key messages • Protection of the target population before starting school and at the age of 14 will contribute to stopping the occurrence of new cases of pertussis. These are public health challenges. • PCR diagnosis of pertussis influenced the timely diagnosis of this infection and the possibility of its adequate and timely treatment.

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by diabetes patients attending the Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka

The scope of this study is to describe the ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) among diabetic patients attending the Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 388 patients attending the medical clinic of Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and were analysed to generate the summary of the percentages using descriptive statistics. Family Important Value (FIV) and Related Frequency Citation (RFC) were calculated to quantitatively determine the common consent between the informants on the use of endemic medicinal plants in the division. A total of 59 species belonging to 33 families were reported by 329 diabetic patients with the response rate of 100%. Among them Moringa oleifera Lamk. (142) was stated as the species with the highest RFC value, followed by Gymnema sylvestre (105), Momordica charantia Linn. (104). Moringaceae was the most dominant family with FIV 43.16. The value of RFC of the plants mentioned in this survey varied from 0.003 to 0.432. Moringa oleifera Lamk. showed the highest RFC value (0.432). In this study, 29 plant species used for DM management were reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. Further, antidiabetic property of Achyranthus polygonoides, Argyreia pomacea Wall. ex Choisy and Cassia tomentosa are yet to be investigated. These findings facilitate the documentation and the conservation of medicinal plants used for DM by the patients in Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Moreover this study open doors for phytochemical screening and identification of new antidiabetic active compounds.

Knowledge and perspectives about medicinal cannabis in nurses and nursing students in Portugal

Abstract Background The opening up of legislation on medicinal cannabis in recent years has been a determining factor in the growth of this therapy. In Europe, regulation of medicinal use is a reality in several countries. Nurses can play a leading role in its administration, helping to ensure that it is carried out more effectively and assuming a fundamental role in the success of the therapy. It is therefore pertinent to analyze the knowledge of nurses and nursing students in Portugal about medicinal cannabis. Methods Quantitative descriptive study. A self-completion questionnaire was drawn up and made available on the google forms platform. It was face-validated, content-validated and approved by the Ethics Committee. The instrument included sociodemographic data, questions about cannabis knowledge and perspectives. Descriptive statistics were analyzed. Results Out of a total of 610 responses, 318 were nurses and 292 nursing students. Medical cannabis is considered legitimate by 79.6% of nurses and 84.3% of students. When asked about the functions of the endocannabinoid system, 71.7% of nurses and 79.5% of students said they had no knowledge. 88.7% of nurses and 79.5% of students disagreed that they had sufficient knowledge to advise users on the use of medicinal cannabis. Also, 38.4% believe that their patients use cannabis illegally to manage the symptoms of illnesses. Conclusions There is a need for continuing training for nurses and for the undergraduate and postgraduate nursing curricula to include this emerging area. Key messages • The results show that this issue is a public health problem. It reinforces the need to formulate public policies in this area and to implement training for nurses and nursing students. • These measures will be fundamental in preventing the use of illegal cannabis and promoting the safe use of medicinal cannabis.

The Evolution of Health Information Technology for Enhanced Patient-Centric Care in the United States: Data-Driven Descriptive Study.

Health information technology (health IT) has revolutionized health care in the United States through interoperable clinical care data exchange, e-prescribing, electronic public health reporting, and electronic patient access to health information. This study aims to examine progress in health IT adoption and its alignment with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy/Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ASTP's) mission to enhance health care through data access and exchange. This study leverages data on end users of health IT to capture trends in engagement in interoperable clinical care data exchange (ability to find, send, receive, and integrate information from outside organizations), e-prescribing, electronic public health reporting, and capabilities to enable patient access to electronic health information. Data were primarily sourced from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey IT Supplement (2008 to 2023), Surescripts e-prescribing use data (2008 to 2023), the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (2014 to 2022), and the National Center for Health Statistics' National Electronic Health Records Survey (2009 to 2023). Since 2009, there has been a 10-fold increase in electronic health record (EHR) use among hospitals and a 5-fold increase among physicians. This enabled the interoperable exchange of electronic health information, e- prescribing, electronic public health data exchange, and the means for patients and their caregivers to access crucial personal health information digitally. As of 2023, 70% of hospitals are interoperable, with many providers integrated within EHR systems. Nearly all pharmacies and 92% of prescribers possess e-prescribing capabilities, an 85%-point increase since 2008. In 2013, 40% of hospitals and one-third of physicians allowed patients to view their online medical records. Patient access has improved, with 97% of hospitals and 65% of physicians possessing EHRs that enable patients to access their online medical records. As of 2022, three-fourths of individuals report being offered access to patient portals, and over half (57%) report engaging with their health information through their patient portal. Electronic public health reporting has also seen an increase, with most hospitals and physicians actively engaged in key reporting types. Federal incentives have contributed to the widespread adoption of EHRs and broad digitization in health care, while efforts to promote interoperability have encouraged collaboration across health care entities. As a result, interoperable clinical care data exchange, e-prescribing, electronic public health reporting, and patient access to health information have grown substantially over the past quarter century and have been shown to improve health care outcomes. However, interoperability hurdles, usability issues, data security concerns, and inequitable patient access persist. Addressing these issues will require collaborative efforts among stakeholders to promote data standardization, implement governance structures, and establish robust health information exchange networks.

Unlocking the Work–Life Equation: Critical Analysis of Telework Factors for Optimal Balance in the IT/ITES Sector

In the contemporary corporate landscape, the notions of telework, job engagement and work–life balance have emerged as the most compelling concepts. These concepts have been found to significantly enhance employee performance and provide organizations with a strategic competitive edge. Recognizing the relevance of these considerations to the working world, the current study addresses the gap in the literature on telework and work–life balance in the Indian context. The present study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on flexible work arrangements, including flexible scheduling, family obligations and job commitment. The study aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by exploring the relationship between telework and work–life balance in the Indian context. While some research is available on telework and work–life balance, there is a lack of specific studies focusing on the Indian context. This study recognizes the importance of understanding the unique cultural and organizational factors that may influence telework and work–life balance in India. Also, the information technology (IT) and IT-enabled services (ITES) industries are well-positioned to maintain their use of telework as a competitive advantage as the globe gets past the pandemic’s initial effects. These industries can strengthen their competitiveness, spur innovation and guarantee long-term success in a global economy driven by digitalization by incorporating remote labour into their fundamental operational plans. IT and ITES businesses have a chance to reimagine the future of work in the post-COVID age by establishing new benchmarks for adaptability, productivity and resilience. This analytical study adopts a cross-sectional time horizon and focuses on individual employees within the IT/ITES sector. The study employed a survey methodology, utilizing a questionnaire developed by the author to collect data. A total of 217 employees participated in the study, with a convenient sampling technique being utilized to ensure a representative sample. The data were then analyzed further with an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The study identified telework, work facilitator, working situations and job engagement as significant constructs in predicting work–life balance. Implications for research and practice are discussed. This study provides academics with useful insights for theory formation and verification of telework, work–life balance and job engagement. Four key factors were identified through the utilization of EFA: Telework, work facilitators, working situations and job engagement. The aforementioned factors offer significant insights into the fundamental dimensions that influence the work–life balance within this industry. The present study incorporates diverse work arrangements, such as adaptable working hours and telecommuting alternatives, alongside conducive organizational cultures and policies that prioritize family support. The identification of work facilitators as a distinct factor underscores the significance of organizational support in establishing an environment that empowers workers to effectively harmonize their professional and personal obligations. The present study’s results indicate that gender may not be a decisive factor in shaping telework, work facilitators, working situations or job engagement in the IT/ITES industry, since there is no discernible connection between gender and these variables. Because the study was restricted to the IT/ITES industry, its conclusions might not be easily applied to other industries. Additionally, as the investigation relied on self-reported data, it may have been impacted by biases and a tendency to behave in a way that appears appealing to others. Prospective research endeavours could investigate the relationship between gender and work–life balance components in a variety of contexts and examine additional demographic characteristics that may influence these elements. The study’s findings could potentially provide valuable information for both employers and employees in the IT/ITES sector. Employers may gain insights into the factors that contribute to work–life balance disparities, enabling them to implement policies and practices that support healthier work–life integration for their employees. Employees, on the other hand, may benefit from a better understanding of how their demographic characteristics intersect with work–life balance factors, allowing them to make informed decisions about their career and personal life. This study captures the potential of telework in emerging economies for increasing job engagement. A unique and modern insight into how telework affects the technology space is what makes the work stand out from the static framework in the literature. How telework and its variables affect work–life balance and job engagement of the employees and how the organizations have a positive impact on productivity, is the novel factor in the study.

Turkish validity and reliability of the universal mental health literacy scale for adolescents (10-14 years): A methodological study.

Mental health literacy enables adolescents to acquire information that will accompany them in their future lives and to define their attitudes and behaviors. This study evaluated the Turkish validity and reliability of the Universal Mental Health Literacy Scale for Adolescents (10-14 years). This is a methodological, correlational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. The study was conducted with 223 adolescents. Data were collected by 'Information Form' and 'Universal Mental Health Literacy Scale for Adolescents.' Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Pearson Correlation analysis were used to assess the validity and reliability of the UMHL-A. Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) scores ranged from 0.94 to 0.96, while the Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.95. For 'Help-seeking and Stigma dimensions' χ2/df = 3.347, NFI = 0.804, IFI = 0.854, TLI = 0.778, CFI = 0.849, RMSEA = 0.103. For 'Knowledge of Mental Health and Knowledge of Mental Illnesses dimensions' χ2/df = 1.959, NFI = 0.731, IFI = 0.847, TLI = 0.774, CFI = 0.837, RMSEA = 0.066. The internal consistency and time stability were affirmed by a Hotelling T-square value of 15.241 and an F-test result of 27.793. This study reveals that the Turkish validity and reliability of the Universal Mental Health Literacy Scale for Adolescents is a valid and reliable tool for assessing mental health literacy among adolescents. The UMHL-A scale is a valid tool to evaluate critical aspects of mental health literacy in adolescent populations and can be used in both research and clinical practice in mental health education and intervention. It is recommended that the Turkish version of the Universal Mental Health Literacy Scale should be used to determine resilience in adolescents.

FATORES PREDISPONENTES DE ESTRESSE EM ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

This study aimed to identify the labor stressors in nursing work nurse, at in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: This is a descriptive study by literature integrative review method, where the selected articles include a the years between 2006 and 2023. Results: The results show significant labor difficulties in the professional work unit to significant labor difficulties, including double journey, death of patients, drive management, among others that are certainly present of stress in the nurses work context. Conclusion: institutions reassess the policies directed to the nursing worker and the physical space of their work, and the conditions to which they are subject, focusing a greater appreciation of the professional, thus allowing a quality of life in satisfactory work, and as a result, productivity of service quality.