Psychological Methodology Research Articles

Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology

Professional YouTubers are developing a new culture through which they stage health content in pervasive ways. The present article aims to provide a methodological approach to analyse this type of content by adopting a critical perspective in health psychology. To achieve this, we first define our theoretical framework. Second, we formulate a multi-method design combining narrative and visual analyses, as well as automatised linguistic procedures. We then illustrate the potential of our methodology through concrete examples. Implications of this methodology in health psychology are discussed with regard to healthism, a dominant contemporary trend that strongly values the individualised pursuit of health. • Multi-method design in critical health psychology on lifestyle YouTubers' videos. • Targeting YouTubers' staged health practices within the contemporary media culture. • Recommendations on ethical and practical challenges raised by YouTube's affordances. • Methodological design including narrative, visual, and automatised analyses. • Illustrations of analyses and interpretations of YouTubers' health video content.

The Trauma of Disregard

The Trauma of Disregard

Philosopher of psychology (to the 100-th anniversary of the birth of M. S. Rogovin)

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the famous Russian psychologist M.S. Rogovin. His contribution to the development of many branches of psychological science (pathopsychology and medical psychology, military psychology, cognitive psychology, general psychology, history of psychology, methodology of psychology, etc.) is noted. His contribution to the philosophy of psychology is emphasized, it is noted that his research devoted to the logic of the development of psychological science was of the greatest relevance. The article attempts to highlight the main features of the scientist's scientific style. On the basis of the historical and methodological analysis of the development of world psychological science carried out by M.S. Rogovin, an attempt is made to reconstruct the main provisions of the author's philosophy of psychology. It is noted that the researcher's contribution is unique: in the sixties of the twentieth century, M.S. Rogovin wrote his works, clearly and unequivocally referring to world psychology as a unified science (Soviet psychology, contrary to ideology, was considered by the author not as a new stage in the development of psychology, but in no way more than one of the directions in world science), which has its own patterns and development trends, which were the main subject of his scientific analysis. An analysis is given of M.S. Rogovin's warnings about dangerous trends in the development of psychological science, which are still relevant today. The characteristics of the decisions made by M.S. Rogovin and his students of the most important methodological issues of psychological science are given.

Aesthetics Naturalised: Schlick on the Evolution of Beauty and Art

Abstract In his earliest philosophical work, Moritz Schlick developed a proposal for rendering aesthetics into a field of empirical science. His 1908 book Lebensweisheit developed an evolutionary account of the emergence of both scientific knowledge and aesthetic feelings from play. This constitutes the framework of Schlick’s evolutionary psychological methodology for examining the origins of the aesthetic feeling of the beautiful he proposed in 1909. He defends his methodology by objecting to both experimental psychological and Darwinian reductionist accounts of aesthetics. Having countered these approaches, Schlick applies Külpe’s psychological distinction between stimulus-feelings and idea-feelings to collapse the traditional philosophical opposition between the agreeable and the beautiful. Both types of feeling, Schlick argues, result from humans’ adaptation to their environment. Because of this adaptation, feelings that were once only stimuli for action can come to be enjoyed for their own sake. This thesis underlies Schlick’s 1908 argument that art, qua mimesis, is necessarily inferior to aesthetic feelings directed towards the environment. Part of Schlick’s justification for this view is that humans are, through a long evolutionary process, better adapted to their environment than to artworks. Schlick nevertheless concedes that mimetic art can involve ways of abstracting from the objects it copies to produce idealised regularities that are not found in the original. Schlick thus concludes that art teaches its audience how to perceive the world in this abstract and idealised manner. This type of environmental aesthetics constitutes a means for reaching Schlick’s utopian ecological vision of a future in which culture will become harmonised with nature.

Mark I. Appelbaum (1941-2020).

Memorializes Mark I. Appelbaum (1941-2020). Appelbaum was a giant in the field of quantitative psychology and developmental methodology. At the time of his passing, he was Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California, San Diego. He was a distinguished researcher, teacher, and administrator who helped to transform research in psychology, education, and medicine by developing and applying methods for analyzing longitudinal data. He also was an award-winning teacher and mentor, an innovative administrator, and an individual with a passionate commitment to service-service to his colleagues, universities, and to the discipline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Aviation psychology: development stage in science and education

Introduction. Aviation psychology is a sphere of psychology that makes a significant contribution to ensuring aviation safety. The changes taking place at different levels of aviation psychology methodology require prompt reflection and critical assessment for prognostication of its further development. The purpose of this paper is to study the current stage of aviation psychology development in science and education, based on the materials from foreign and Russian sources. Materials and methods. The research materials represent a corpus of articles of foreign and Russian periodicals, collections of applied research conferences, monographs, and training toolkits. The research method represents the analysis of aviation psychology development directions, along with the consideration of peculiarities of the Russian aviation psychology development. Results. Aviation psychologists investigate the causes of aviation accidents caused by the human factor, improve the methods of psychological selection and simulator training, resolve the problems of optimisation of aircraft-specific work and find prerequisites for efficient operation of unmanned aerial vehicles in the conditions of the technological progress in the aerospace industry. Aviation psychology is taught at specialised higher education institutions and aviation training centres. Aviation psychology is in possession of inexhaustible cognitive resources for vocational guidance of young people. Conclusion. The current state of development of aviation psychology in science and education makes it possible to solve the pressing tasks aimed at increasing the reliability of aviation as a defence transport system. Most publications are related to engineering and psychological tasks involved in securing flight safety in the context of cockpit and control equipment ergonomics design, information support for pilots; improving the methodology of flight- and ground training of pilots based on digital technologies; development of interfaces for operators of remotely piloted aircraft. Russian aviation psychology is characterised by the orientation towards cultivating the cultural, historical, and moral foundations of professionalism in aviation.

Gladiis ET Clypeis: Travel Motives Towards an Improvement Of Quality of Life When Visiting a Military Expo

The African Aerospace and Defence military expo is held biannually in South Africa and is classified as the biggest military expo (event) on the African continent. This study sought to determine the effects that travel motives and life domains have on visitors' quality of life. The study followed a convenience sampling technique, with fieldworkers administrating the measuring battery to visitors at the African Aerospace and Defence military expo. Data were gathered from 293 visitors regarding their travel motives, life domains, life domains overall, and quality of life. A structural equation modeling analysis indicated a positive linear relationship between the visitors' travel motives, life domains (social life, leisure life, and self-life), life domains overall, and quality of life; all of which attained good composite reliabilities. The findings indicate that travel motives have an influence on visitors' life domains, positive and negative, relevant to their perceived importance. Overall, a visit to this military expo had a positive effect on visitors' quality of life. Managerial recommendations include maximizing the uniqueness and novelty of the event, which cannot be done generically. Digital marketing should be aimed at certain lifestyle aspects that are most appealing to visitors, such as social, leisure, or military life. The approach would likely appeal to the higher order needs of potential visitors, which could contribute to their overall life satisfaction. This research contributes to the literature and methodology in tourism, positive psychology, and quality of life.

Tracing the Creation History of the Martin Achtnich Vocational Guidance Test

The following paper reviews the history of the projective psychological methodology - the Test of Photos of Professions or BBT (abbr. from German Berufbildertest), providing diagnostics and identification of individual professional aptitudes and predispositions of an individual. In Switzerland, the psychologist and vocational counselor Martin Achtnich created this professional orientation test in the 20th century, and since then it has become widespread not only in Europe but also abroad.

Jornada Universitária em Defesa da Reforma Agrária: contribuições da Psicologia Social Comunitária

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho é um relato de experiência que tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de organização da 2ª Jornada Universitária em Defesa da Reforma Agrária (JURA), ocorrida na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), a qual foi construída seguindo os princípios da Educação Popular e da Psicologia Social Comunitária, e que visou constituir-se como espaço de discussão de temas afetos à questão agrária e à transformação social, possibilitar a inserção das populações tradicionais e dos movimentos sociais na universidade e propiciar a aproximação entre o saber tradicional e o conhecimento científico. CASUÍSTICA: A abordagem teórico-metodológica adotada para a condução organizativa e a realização da JURA permitiu a construção de um espaço que fomentou a participação em condições igualitárias e dialógicas entre os membros da comunidade acadêmica e os participantes de movimentos sociais, os quais compuseram a comissão de organização do evento. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Conclui-se pela validade de se aplicar os princípios e metodologias da Educação Popular e da Psicologia Social Comunitária aos processos de construção de atividades na academia, haja vista que estes possibilitaram potencializar o diálogo e o fortalecimento coletivo em torno dos objetivos do evento, em um processo que se configurou como educativo e emancipatório.

The Present State of the Study of Politics

The original outline of this article included a general overview and critique of the leading trends in the study of politics over the past 30 to 40 years. It was intended to compare the methods and results of different types of political thought-to consider in turn the historical school, the law school, researchers in the field of comparative analysis of forms of government, philosophers themselves, the approach of economists, the contribution of geographers and ethnologists, the work of statisticians, and finally to turn to psychological, sociological and biological interpretations of the political process. It would be an interesting and perhaps useful task to compare the subject and method of such thinkers as Jellinek, Gierke, Dugi, Dicey and Pound, the philosophies of Sorel and Dewey, Ritchie and Russell, Nietzsche and Tolstoy, to look at the methods of Durkheim and Simmel, Ward, Giddings and Small, Cooley and Ross, and to discuss the innovations found in the works of Wallace and Cole. It might be useful to expand the analysis to include important features of the environment in which these ideas flourished, and the many close connections between them. One could also discuss the impact of social and industrial development, class movements and class struggle or group conflicts in a broader sense, consider the impact of urbanism and industrialism, capitalism, socialism and syndicalism, militarism, pacifism, feminism, nationalism. It would be useful, perhaps, to present a critique of the methods and results described and to specifically assess the significance of logical, psychological, sociological, legal, philosophical and historical methodologies and the contribution of each of them to the study of the political. This task, however, was dropped and postponed for the next time, as it became apparent that no such review could be compressed to reasonable volumes. In order to achieve our common goal, it would seem that a different type of analysis would be more productive, aimed at reconstructing the methods of political research and obtaining more extensive results in both the theoretical and practical fields.

Regarding an "Almost Anything Goes" Attitude Toward Methods in Psychology.

Our outline points out three aspects of a new post-modern methodology in psychology: liberal, pluralistic, and more tolerant: liberal because it rejects rules that are too strict in favor of more freedom in the choice of method, pluralistic because it conveys an “almost anything goes” attitude toward methods, and more tolerant because mutual tolerance among researchers is vital for a pluralism of methods. Psychological phenomena are complex and can best be understood by using different methods. However, to get things working, tolerance must actively be lived. Of course, much depends on our own willingness as researchers but also on the system’s arrangements. Psychology could be more colorful, and we could all have more fun if we were to be more committed to such a methodology.

“Doing justice” in psychological methodology: From science and experiments to anecdotes

Methodology is intrinsically related to “object” and its quality is based on the degree to which a method is doing justice to the object, demonstrating the entanglement of ontic, epistemic, and ethical considerations. The intent of “doing justice” is at the core of methodology and is the de facto guiding principle for conducting research and for producing knowledge. Objects in psychology can range from subjectivity to science and conflicts emerge because of giving primacy to particular objects. Using this perspective, various meanings of doing justice, critics’ challenges, deviations from doing justice to an object, ethical-political dimensions and the dialectics of doing justice in relation to objects are discussed. If doing justice is at the core of methodology, then the issue becomes under what circumstances a particular method is doing justice in relation to a particular object. Contrasting the experiment with anecdotes, it is shown dialectically that the former has no privileged status in psychology, and that experiments that are not replicated only do justice as anecdotal evidence.

К 100 ЛЕТИЮ М. С. РОГОВИНА – ИНТЕРВЬЮ С УЧЕНИКОМ

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the outstanding Russian scientist, psychologist, philosopher, historian, methodologist of psychological science Mikhail Semenovich Rogovin (1921-1993). This article summarizes the research carried out in recent years by the students and followers of M. S. Rogovin and devoted to the analysis of his contribution to the development of many urgent problems of psychological science – philosophy of psychology, methodology of psychology, medical psychology, history of psychology, general psychology, etc. The special significance of M. S. Rogovin’s ideas and researches, who were decades ahead of their time and are currently relevant for the development and solution of many problems of domestic and world psychological science. Given the special significance of the occasion, the article presents an interview with one of the students of M. S. Rogovin – doctor of psychology, professor V. A. Mazilov. The genre of the interview made it possible to assess the personality of the scientist, to determine his place in the history of Russian and world psychology, to assess the contribution of the research carried out by M. S. Rogovin, in solving many topical and to this day theoretical, methodological, experimental and other problems of the psychological science. The interview makes it possible to better understand why in relation to M. S. Rogovin's epithets are more than true, characterizing him as an outstanding scientist, philosopher of psychology, methodologist and historian of psychology, a man of science. The personality and scientific activity of M. S. Rogovin is of particular importance for Yaroslavl School of Psychology, since the most productive time of his scientific work – the seventies and eighties of the XX century – were at the Faculty of Psychology of Yaroslavl State University

Validating the response surface method in entrepreneurship management research

This study adapts an existing methodology in psychology to assess congruence relationships in entrepreneurship management. More specifically, it describes the application of a response surface method to examine the congruence effect of two predictor variables on an outcome variable. The study presents both visual and text presentations to serve as a guideline that can aid management researchers in adapting the method. The paper underscores three strengths of using the response surface method as a robust analytical approach to evaluating congruent and incongruent relationships.•The response surface method can be used to examine congruency and incongruency between variables in the field of management in general and entrepreneurship management in particular.•The results can be visualized as two- and three-dimensional graphs.•Compared with a traditional approach, the response surface method offers a clearer visual representation of a focal relationship.

Balanced : An Application To Improve Mental Health

Mental health reflects a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. A report by World Health Organization suggests that India is the most depressed country in the world. Hence, the idea is to develop an end-to-end solution for identifying and treating mentalhealth issues. This paper aims to develop an application to keep track of user's behaviour, both online and offline, to understand and identify the possible mental health issues using various analytical and psychological methodologies. The target users of this application would be the individuals just above the age of 18 which fall under the category of working class. Postidentification, the user is recommended a suitable change in his routine and behavior which would lead to a better lifestyle.Mental illnesses detection is a challenging undertaking because a misdiagnosis can lead to catastrophic consequences.Hence, our android application will take the necessary steps to accurately identify and treat the mental health issue.

Historiozofie dziennikarskie. Na marginesie książki Na wschodnim posterunku. Księga pielgrzymstwa 1915-1918 Zygmunta Wasilewskiego (1919)

The article describes the ideas of interpreting history and historical experience in the journalism of Zygmunt Wasilewski during World War I. History, initially surrounded by culturological categories, sociological and psychological methodology, eventually becomes political history. Related to the journalist’s predictions about Poland’s return to world maps. The concept of history and its interpretations evolve towards its political interpretations, which Wasilewski will use in his interwar writing period.

Что такое смысл жизни и как его изучать? Рецензия на монографию К.В. Карпинского «Источники смысла жизни: новый метод психодиагностики личности»

The article is a review of the book "Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology "Sources of the meaning of life", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.

A Constructivist Approach to Visualise Organisational Agility

The research question we would like to answer with this article is if agile related constructs or personal assessment criteria can be elicited from a personal construct system of employees and leaders by carrying out a repertory grid study in an organisation. The methodology of personal construct psychology was chosen to get an unbiased view of the corporate culture. In a plannable world an organisational structure with a hierarchy of executives and managers following a vertical top-down approach makes sense. A world that is volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) requires a different model to organisational design. Horizontal integration that fosters involvement and empowerment has proven to be an agile response to this new environment. Consequently, agile management methods are a key instrument for an organisation to prepare for future challenges in a competitive industry. But how can an organisation assess its own agile status quo? This research uses personal construct psychology (PCP) to visualize the agility status of an organisation. A range of recent empirical and practical research articles were studied to filter the most relevant practices and critical factors of organisational agility. The findings are compared to a data basis generated by 61 repertory grid interviews carried out in a SME to evaluate whether personal construct theory is a suitable approach to assess the agility status of an organisation. The findings are visualised with a repertory grid software using Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA). This methodology creates a 3D visualisation of the agile assessment criteria derived from the interviews. By comparing the spatial distances between construct clusters and elements the researcher and reader able to assess whether an organisation has incorporated agile practices and traits or can further advance to react more agile and flexible to external forces. Repertory grid structured interviews based on PCP generate simultaneously quantitative and qualitative results. As these are compared to the literature-based findings, it reflects a triangulation research approach.

МЕТОДЫ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ: ОТКРЫТЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ. ЧАСТЬ 2

Annotation. The relationship between the state of the methodology of psychology, the method, the subject, the research technologies, the explanation of the results obtained have been noted by scientists for over a century. The study of the “situation” phenomenon as an important fragment of reality presupposes a transition to new “coordinate systems” of description, an appeal to new resources of methodology, methodological tools, and conceptual apparatus. Using several criteria - classes of problems, dominant methods, maturity of methodology, scientific traditions - it is possible to distinguish types of research work (R&D): experimental research, natural experiments, pilot studies, field research. The four types represent a continuum of possibilities and limitations of the psychologist's control over the conditions for conducting research. The “simple schemes” of scientific research and “complex schemes” are considered. In new historical conditions, along with the “methods” of the discipline, new components of theoretical knowledge (including the concepts of “situation”, “interaction”, “space”, “environment (environment)” - as reflecting the moments of dynamism of fragments of social reality) should play an important role. Ontologically, “situations” represent a continuum of actualized “units” of reality - from simplified conditions of laboratory experiments to extreme “difficult life situations”. Conceptually, “situations” are sequences of complexes of conditions that are actualized in the processes of human life; there are reflections of the multidimensionality of the state, functioning and evolution of real empirical objects. The functions of complex R&D schemes are to recreate a multidimensional complex reality - a "situation", while the tasks of simple schemes are to extremely simplify the states of the examined objects and their relations with the environment

Аксиологические предпочтения жителей карельской Арктики в современной социокультурной ситуации

The study aims to identify the hierarchy of value dominants in the axiosphere of the Karelian Arctic residents, which has developed under the influence of natural, social, economic, and cultural-historical factors. The methodology used is complex and includes sociological, economic questionnaires, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. The study’s cameral stage is based on an analysis of the empirical stage results conducted during a comprehensive scientific expedition of scientists of Petrozavodsk State University to two Arctic regions of Karelia in the summer of 2019. The most important in the study is the cross-cultural approach, based on comparing the results of a survey of respondents - the Karelian Arctic residents with the “general cultural profile” of S. Schwartz and identifying the level of validity of the applied psychological methodology. During the study, the author’s hypothesis about features in the axiological preferences of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone at the level of dominant indicators is confirmed. At the stage of analysis and synthesis of the empirical stage results, the relationship of preserving human capital in the Arctic regions of Karelia with the identified value dominants of residents’ health and safety is established. Special attention is paid to the influence of the current socio-cultural situation on the formation of the axiosphere of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone, and the conclusion is also made about the need for an integrated scientific approach in determining the prospects for the development of society in the Arctic regions.