МЕТОДЫ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ: ОТКРЫТЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ. ЧАСТЬ 2

Abstract

Annotation. The relationship between the state of the methodology of psychology, the method, the subject, the research technologies, the explanation of the results obtained have been noted by scientists for over a century. The study of the “situation” phenomenon as an important fragment of reality presupposes a transition to new “coordinate systems” of description, an appeal to new resources of methodology, methodological tools, and conceptual apparatus. Using several criteria - classes of problems, dominant methods, maturity of methodology, scientific traditions - it is possible to distinguish types of research work (R&D): experimental research, natural experiments, pilot studies, field research. The four types represent a continuum of possibilities and limitations of the psychologist's control over the conditions for conducting research. The “simple schemes” of scientific research and “complex schemes” are considered. In new historical conditions, along with the “methods” of the discipline, new components of theoretical knowledge (including the concepts of “situation”, “interaction”, “space”, “environment (environment)” - as reflecting the moments of dynamism of fragments of social reality) should play an important role. Ontologically, “situations” represent a continuum of actualized “units” of reality - from simplified conditions of laboratory experiments to extreme “difficult life situations”. Conceptually, “situations” are sequences of complexes of conditions that are actualized in the processes of human life; there are reflections of the multidimensionality of the state, functioning and evolution of real empirical objects. The functions of complex R&D schemes are to recreate a multidimensional complex reality - a "situation", while the tasks of simple schemes are to extremely simplify the states of the examined objects and their relations with the environment