Systematic Design Methodology Research Articles

A methodology for production system design driven by product modelling and analysis – application in the automotive industry

This article synthesises the return of experience of performing a product variety analysis for a (supplier in the automotive sector) that haven’t had yet a product variety management strategy. This paper is part of a multi-year research project on the design of reconfigurable production systems. The contribution is (i) to present at a glance the developed strategy of product similarity assessment and (ii) to underline the industrial benefits of this similarity assessment obtained as a result of the industrial case studies. First, the article reminds, in the context of product variety, a developed methodology to assess product similarities by four indices. These consider the functions, product structures and the way to assemble them. Second, the focus is put on the benefits of their application through three industrial use cases: during the design of a new product identifying its impact on the manufacturing system, identifying the fittest production line for a new product to assemble and generating a new adapted production line by gathering products belonging to the same product family. All benefits are illustrated through the results of the industrial case studies. These are anonymised due to confidentiality issues.

Study of Augmented Reality Based Manufacturing for Further Integration of Quality Control 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review

Augmented Reality (AR) has gradually become a mainstream technology enabling Industry 4.0 and its maturity has also grown over time. AR has been applied to support different processes on the shop-floor level, such as assembly, maintenance, etc. As various processes in manufacturing require high quality and near-zero error rates to ensure the demands and safety of end-users, AR can also equip operators with immersive interfaces to enhance productivity, accuracy and autonomy in the quality sector. However, there is currently no systematic review paper about AR technology enhancing the quality sector. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to conclude about the emerging interest in using AR as an assisting technology for the quality sector in an industry 4.0 context. Five research questions (RQs), with a set of selection criteria, are predefined to support the objectives of this SLR. In addition, different research databases are used for the paper identification phase following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology to find the answers for the predefined RQs. It is found that, in spite of staying behind the assembly and maintenance sector in terms of AR-based solutions, there is a tendency towards interest in developing and implementing AR-assisted quality applications. There are three main categories of current AR-based solutions for quality sector, which are AR-based apps as a virtual Lean tool, AR-assisted metrology and AR-based solutions for in-line quality control. In this SLR, an AR architecture layer framework has been improved to classify articles into different layers which are finally integrated into a systematic design and development methodology for the development of long-term AR-based solutions for the quality sector in the future.

Performance based systematic design methodology for development and flight testing of fuel engine powered quadrotor Unmanned Aerial System for industrial applications

This paper presents a systematic study of the design optimization, development, vibration analysis and flight testing of a single power plant variable pitch quadrotor Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) for industrial applications. The use of variable pitch rotors enables the use of a two-stroke internal combustion engine for powering the four rotors through a mechanical transmission. The proposed methodology is described by carrying out the design of a quadrotor UAS with 2–3 kg payload capacity and have endurance in excess of one hour. The study is conducted in a systematic manner. First, the design of rotors is optimized for minimum power consumption during hover as well as forward flight condition using physics based simulation developed and validated for this purpose. From the rotor optimization, an untwisted rotor blade with taper ratio of 0.6 and aspect ratio of 10 appeared to be an optimal choice for the current design. Next, the powerplant selection is carried out based on the optimized rotor designed earlier. Next, two different approaches for mechanical power transmission design is considered: torque tube-bevel gear and belt–pulley system based designs. The transmission system designed using belt and pulley was nearly 14% lighter and showed greater tolerance to manufacturing imperfections. Next, two prototypes are designed and its static and dynamic analysis is carried out to ensure its airworthiness. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) based attitude controller is developed using quarternions for attitude stabilization and trajectory tracking to test the flight in simulation and then subsequently on the actual vehicle by implementing it on PixHawk autopilot board. Finally, system integration is carried out to build two prototypes of engine powered quadrotor UAS. Then, vibration data is recorded using the sensors onboard to conduct the vibration analysis and design an efficient vibration isolator. Performance analysis is also, carried out to estimate the speed for best endurance (11 m/s) and best range (27 m/s) for the variable pitch quadrotor designed. The estimated best endurance achieved is 2.2 h and estimated best range is more than 150 km. This design revisits and solves the challenge of developing an agile helicopter without cyclic pitch control which was first explored nearly a century ago.

Editorial for the Special Issue “Aircraft Modeling and Simulation”

New airplane and unmanned aerial system modeling, simulation, and design methodologies are very important in aerospace engineering [...]

Respiratory infection risk based ventilation and room conditioning design method with year-round thermal comfort control in modern office buildings

The new decade will be a major challenge for built environment to satisfy building users and owners demands for superior IEQ in the work environment and tackle infection risk issues brought by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We collected thermal comfort and IAQ data from modern Estonian office buildings showing that improvements are needed in whole chain of the HVAC science, engineering and manufacturing because current solutions in these buildings have led to many complaints of draught and readjustments of supply air temperature have typically compromised energy performance. To achieve Category II or I IEQ, more systematic design methodologies are needed. Additionally, ventilation rate and air distribution dimensioning based on respiratory infection risk has to be taken into use as a complementary method of existing ones for office space AC and ventilation design, where both net floor area and occupant number define the required ventilation. Based on air velocity and temperature (operative, supply air and local) measurements conducted in five office buildings a new IEQ design methods were developed to satisfy the thermal comfort indices leading to low occupant complaints and not compromising energy performance at the same time. In well ventilated Category I and II office spaces, control of draught risk is an extensive design task for which new methodology was developed. Our method focuses separately on IEQ parameters during heating, cooling and midseason, from which the latter one is the longest and the most dominating one. The design method is presented by connecting thermal comfort and infection risk with ventilation rate. Infection risk based air flow rate selection diagram and corresponding air velocity diagrams for an open plan office and 3-person room showing the possibilities to size ventilation for the event reproduction number of R = 0.5 were constructed.

Applying 3DES to Chaotic Synchronization Cryptosystems

The triple data encryption standard (3DES) has played a key role in the field of data encryption over the past few decades. However, the ciphertext&#x2019;s security is decreased by the meet-in-the-middle attack. Accordingly, we propose a systematic design methodology combining chaotic synchronization with 3DES to conduct double encryption. The encryption method not only increases the strength of the communications system but also effectively protects the encrypted message (ciphertext). The conventional genetic algorithm (GA) has flaws in premature convergence and local search. While the methods of improving the GA performance have been explored, we adopted an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) in this work due to its better performance in the light of globalization and convergence rate. The IGA-based observer not only realizes the exponential synchronization but also minimizes the disturbance attenuation level to get optimal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H^{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance simultaneously. In the end, an example with numerical simulations is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this study.

Initial Propulsion System Study for the Futuristic Hyperloop Transportation System: Design, Modeling, and Hardware in the Loop Verification

Recently, the proposal for a futuristic mode of transportation known as the Hyperloop has been popularized. Currently, there are only some reports regarding the design of the Hyperloop. More specifically, reports regarding the propulsion system design methodology for Hyperloop is minimal. Thus, this paper provides an initial steppingstone to modeling and simulation study for the propulsion system in a Hyperloop. The main contribution of this study is to provide a relatively simple design methodology for any future Hyperloop endeavors. This is shown using state of the art simulators to aid in designing the propulsion system. The design revolves around the linear synchronous motor based on field-oriented control through a three – phase inverter. PSIM is used to develop the model and design the full power system and controller. This includes the DC-DC converter, battery system model, three – phase inverter, and the motor controller. The motor used for modelling is a rotary permanent magnet synchronous motor. Finally, hardware in the loop technology is used to verify and validate the design. The controller design is tested through a Texas Instrument digital signal processor. The real time verification shows matching results with the offline simulation model.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pemeriksaan Barang Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode SSAD

The purpose of this study was to Analyze and Design an Information System of Goods Inspection at PT. Panasonic Gobel Indonesia Bandung. The problem is that the goods inspection administration system is still semi-manual so that the process of requesting and searching for goods inspection information is not optimal and prone to human error. Based on these problems, a Goods Inspection Information System was designed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, while the system development process uses a Structured System Analysis and Design methodology (SSAD). The results of the research are Web-based Goods Inspection Information System according to company needs that can be accessed online and support information on goods inspection effectively and improve the quality of reporting in real-time.

A Systematic Methodology for Design of Sustainable Urban Neighborhood Energy Infrastructure

The growing share of global energy consumption by cities (currently over 65%) raises the requirements for a systematic holistic approach for designing urban energy infrastructure in order to ensure its sustainability. A literature review of state-of-the-art modeling of urban energy infrastructure design emphasized the incomprehensive sustainability of the performed evaluations, as they accounted for several aspects of sustainability but missed others. Omitting important aspects can have significant implications which can put the sustainability of the energy infrastructure at risk. In this study, we attempted to develop a comprehensive model for designing sustainable energy infrastructure for urban districts, which accounts for the four aspects of sustainability: social, technical, environmental, and economic. The model is based on a four-step methodology: district characterization, a technological survey for distributed generation and energy storage, selecting suitable technologies according to social and technical criteria, and simulations of different energy infrastructure configurations to find the most suitable configurations basing on economic and environmental criteria. The research includes a case study in which the model was implemented for the Technion campus in Haifa. The developed model proved to be a comprehensive, efficient, and versatile tool for designing urban energy infrastructure.

DEVS-Based Building Blocks and Architectural Patterns for Intelligent Hybrid Cyberphysical System Design

The DEVS formalism has been recognized to support generic open architectures that allow incorporating multiple engineering domains within integrated simulation models. What is missing for accelerated adoption of DEVS-based methodology for intelligent cyberphysical system design is a set of building blocks and architectural patterns that can be replicated and reused in system development. As a start in this direction, this paper offers a notional architecture for intelligent hybrid cyberphysical system design and proceeds to focus on the decision layer to consider DEVS models for basic behaviors such as choice of alternatives, perception of temporal event relations, and recognition and generation of finite state languages cast into DEVS time segments. We proceed to describe a methodology to define DEVS-based building blocks and architectural patterns for design of systems employing fast, frugal, and accurate heuristics. We identify some elements of this kind and establish their status as minimal realizations of their defined behaviors. As minimal realizations such designs must ipso facto underlie any implementation of the same cognitive behaviors. We discuss architectures drawn from the cognitive science literature to show that the fundamental elements drawn from the fast, frugal, and accurate paradigm provide insights into intelligent hybrid cyberphysical system design. We close with open questions and research needed to confirm the proposed concepts.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Penggajian Guru dan Pegawai di MA Al-Hidayah Cikancung

The design of the teacher and employee payroll information system is a system created to facilitate treasurers in managing teacher and employee salary data, for example for attendance which is currently still managed manually and salary calculations are still semi-computerized which are at risk of miscalculation of both the number of days for teachers and employees. incoming employees or the salary itself, reporting takes a lot of time and duplication of data can also occur. This information system uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) for system design methodology, and the writing methodology used is descriptive method, to obtain data using the methods of observation, interviews, and literature study. To design this payroll information system is to use several design tools, including Data Flow Diagrams, Structure Charts, Flowmaps, and ER Diagrams. The development of this information system uses the Microsoft Visual Foxpro 9.0 programming language and is divided into three modules, namely master, transaction, and report. The design of this payroll information system is expected to improve the performance of the treasurer in the management of teacher and employee salaries involving attendance and deductions, and make it easier to make attendance reports, assignments, deductions, and payroll.

Intermediate‐variable‐based Kalman filter for linear time‐varying systems with unknown inputs

AbstractThis article proposes a systematic design methodology of unknown input estimation for time‐varying systems in which unknown inputs exist in system dynamic and measurement simultaneously. By introducing intermediate variables, the relationship between unknown inputs and system states is modeled by an intermediate dynamic process, and then a modified Kalman filter is designed to estimate system states and unknown inputs. Moreover, the stability condition is derived such that the mean square error of the intermediate Kalman filter is bounded. An illustrative example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Heat integration of power-to-heat technologies: Case studies on heat recovery systems subject to electrified heating

A systematic design methodology for the electrified supply of heat in process industries is developed to provide process design guidelines for economic and energy-efficient transition from a fossil-fuelled energy system to a renewable-based electricity system. The most appropriate strategy for the implementation of electrified sources for energy systems is proposed in the context of Heat Integration. Design implications related to the introduction of electrified sources for industries are fully investigated for the design of heat recovery systems between conventional fossil-fuelled systems and electrified systems. As the electricity-based heating systems allows more degrees of freedom for the design of the HEN (Heat Exchanger Network) than fossil-fuel-based systems, design complexities of HEN under electrification can be considerably reduced. This is illustrated with a few cases of heat recovery system in which capital cost and design complexities can be minimized by considering the electrified energy supply and their characteristics in an effective and integrated manner. Preliminary techno-economic assessment for electrified energy recovery systems is carried out to understand economic limitation of industrial electrification under current energy prices and its sensitivities.

Information Systems Development Methodologies: A Review Through a Teleology Approach

The information systems analysis and design methodologies devised at the outbreak of the third industrial revolution shaped the systems analysis disciple and have trickled down to all systems influencing most aspects of human development. To cope with the explosion of digital technology, these methodologies had to be developed rapidly, drawing from a wide range of theoretical backgrounds, based mainly on the “hard” scientific method and the “softer” systems approach. In the run-up to industry 4.0, with multiple information systems emerging, reflection on systems’ design fundamentals is important. Intended to serve human activity and well-being, information systems are anthropocentric. Their success lies in their ability to serve human goals. Information systems analysis and design methodologies play a role in this by ensuring the best match between what is sought from systems and what they deliver in terms of the systems’ underlying final cause, or “telos”. The paper investigates the teleological orientation of four founding systems analysis and design methodologies. Using the Wood-Harper and Fitzgerald taxonomy in order to identify the conceptual origins of the four methodologies under review, it categorizes and subsequently incorporates them in an extended taxonomy, assesses whether and how they are devised to cater to the incorporation of goals and explains the inferred results based on the taxonomy. The paper posits that the founding information systems analysis and design methodologies do not have a marked teleological orientation and do not dispose of techniques for adequately incorporating systems’ goals. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-04-09 Full Text: PDF

FPGA Implementation for Rapid Prototyping of High Performance Voltage Source Inverters

Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a powerful platform that can play an essential role in high-performance digital control of power electronics systems. However, the FPGA system’s design is quite different from that of a traditional microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP). Instead of sequential programming using high-level languages, such as C/C++, FPGA controller implementation requires a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog and VHDL, which requires extensive verification and optimization during the design process. This paper proposes a systematic FPGA design methodology with optimum resource utilization for rapid prototyping of high-performance power electronics applications to facilitate the widespread adoption of FPGA technology in power electronics. The FPGA controller design is concurrent with the power stage and utilizes high-level synthesis (HLS) tools and Simulink code generation toolbox. This paper covers the detailed design, implementation, and experimental validation of two specific applications, i.e., an active power filter (APF) and a motor emulator (ME), demonstrating the generalized features of the methodology. Employing fundamentally different control structures, both application examples achieve ultra-high current control bandwidth leveraging SiC MOSFETs switching at no less than 100 kHz.

Implementation of an Interactive Crowd-Enhanced Content Management System for Tourism Development

This paper investigated the role of interactive tourist mobile apps in tourism development. The researchers presented the e-Tracer application, which was developed taking into consideration the recent advantages in mobile computing, the importance of user-generated content and the needs of northern Greece and the lower Balkan countries. Apart from crowd-based content creation, a new generation of apps for tourism development may include additional components like serious games for tourists, map-based navigation systems and augmented/virtual reality applications, in order to offer memorable user experiences for tourists. An agile content management system design methodology was followed by taking into account the needs of alternative tourist destinations, small to medium sized real-world museums and driver rest areas located around highways which connect cross-country destinations in the lower Balkan countries and Turkey. This work positioned the role of interactive crowd-enhanced platforms for content management of tourist-related information in tourism development, economic growth and sustainability of the Egnatia motorway surrounding areas in Greece.&#x0D; Keywords: mobile computing, content management systems, recommender systems, serious games, virtual/augmented reality, tourism development

Mounting a smartphone on a steering-wheel to facilitate ease of visibility of the navigation screen: A systematic product design approach.

Both professional and personal car drivers use smartphones as In-Vehicle Infotainment System (IVIS) and generally mount it wherever they feel convenient. Inappropriate or sub-optimal positioning of navigation devices increases off-road eye-glance duration and fixation frequency. The current research aimed to develop a smartphone holding device to facilitate the mobile-phone's easy mounting on the steering wheel's hub, ensuring the screen's visibility at a comfortable viewing angle in a vertical upright position irrespective of the steering wheel's rotation. A systematic product design methodology was adopted to develop the final product. The morphological chart was adopted for generating the different concepts of the smartphone mounting device. A Pugh chart was used for screening the various concepts generated in the previous step. Finally, a prototype of the selected best concept was made. User acceptance was assessed by taking feedback from users, and System Usability Scale (SUS) was used for usability evaluation. The developed innovative mounting device was light-weight and easy to use (SUS score 83.5). The final prototype was very effective in changing the angle of the smartphone to facilitate easy visibility at a comfortable viewing angle through the use of a ball and socket mechanism at the base. A ball bearing system was used in the mobile-phone holder for maintaining vertical stationary position during steering wheel rotation. As the device is useful for mounting the smartphone on the steering wheel's hub, it might reduce driver distraction.

Cybersecurity of Robotic Systems: Leading Challenges and Robotic System Design Methodology

Recent years have seen a rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the growth of autonomous robotic applications which are using network communications. Accordingly, an increasing advancement of intelligent devices with wireless sensors (that means autonomous robotic platforms) operating in challenging environments makes robots a tangible reality in the near future. Unfortunately, as a result of technical development, security problems emerge, especially when considering human–robot collaboration. Two abnormalities often compromise the basic security of collaborative robotic fleets: (a) Information faults and (b) system failures. This paper attempts to describe the methodology of a control framework design for secure robotic systems aided by the Internet of Things. The suggested concept represents a control system structure using blocks as the components. The structure is designed for the robots expected to interact with humans safely and act connected by communication channels. The properties of the components and relations between them are briefly described. The novelty of the proposed concept concerns the security mechanisms. The paper also categorizes two different modes of network attacks summarizing their causal effects on the human–robot collaboration systems. The issue of standardization is also raised. In particular, the works of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and European Parliament (EP) on the security templates for communication channels are commented.

GD (Generative Design) Applied to a Plastics Recovery Drone (PRD) Using IDeS (Industrial Design Structure)

The evolution of innovative and systematic design methodologies over time has widened the design concept involvement from the product development phase, which also includes the production and start-up phases. Literature findings have presented to accomplish a Generative Design (GD) approach through the application of an innovative method called Industrial Structure Design (IDeS), a systematic design method able to discover the customer’s needs and the fundamental technical solutions to obtain a good innovative product, involving the whole organization for this achievement. Nevertheless, there is a social demand for solutions to the dramatic and growing problem of marine pollution from plastic materials, encouraging the designers to conceive a new innovative drone for waste collection at sea. Therefore, this study aims to merge all the most advanced design technologies with IDeS in an integrated way, by generating a structure that can also be adopted to plan the organization of a production company. The approach is validated with the design of the Recovery Plastic Drone (RPD) obtained with the IDeS methodology, combining Design and Product development phases, leading to a better and innovative solution for the market.

Creating a Live and Flexible Normative Dataset for Netball.

A previous research has identified large data and information sources which exist about netball performance and align with the discussion of coaches during the games. Normative data provides context to measures across many disciplines, such as fitness testing, physical conditioning, and body composition. These data are normally presented in the tables as representations of the population categorized for benchmarking. Normative data does not exist for benchmarking or contextualization in netball, yet the coaches and players use performance statistics. A systems design methodology was adopted for this study where a process for automating the organization, normalization, and contextualization of netball performance data was developed. To maintain good ecological validity, a case study utilized expert coach feedback on the understandability and usability of the visual representations of netball performance population data. This paper provides coaches with benchmarks for assessing the performances of players, across competition levels against the player positions for performance indicators. It also provides insights to a performance analyst around how to present these benchmarks in an automated “real-time” reporting tool.