Methodological Work Research Articles

When Is Old Too Old? The Problem of Leaning on Outdated Historical Work and a Simple Distinction between Two Kinds of Evidence to Address This

Abstract While international relations and comparative politics scholars are often hesitant to lean on old empirical findings in their own discipline, they have no similar qualms when it comes to the work of historians. This is sometimes problematic and sometimes not. To help political scientists who are going historical address this issue, I revisit prior methodological work by Cameron Thies, published in these pages, to introduce a distinction between two kinds of historical evidence: (i) “factual evidence,” which is relatively specific descriptive evidence that ages well and where there is often no alternative to enlisting older work, and (ii) “inferential evidence,” which is broader historical interpretations that tend to become outdated much more quickly. This distinction provides a shortcut for political scientists going historical who do not have the resources to systematically review historiography to document whether a certain piece of historical evidence has stood the test of time or not.

Methodical system of teaching students computer science: competence-based approach

Relevance. This study investigates the relevant issue of training specialists with knowledge and ability to apply information technologies in professional activities. The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the national programmes and regulatory documents adopted in recent years in the field of education and the importance of being capable of using and studying computer science in modern times. Purpose. The purpose of this study lies in developing a methodological system for teaching students in a competency-based approach, which would maximise the impact on the quality of education and the level of proficiency in computer science. Methodology. The following general scientific methods were used in this study: logical-historical, pedagogical observation, analysis, synthesis, systematisation and generalisation, methods of mathematical statistics, as well as the Help&Manual programme. The use of the created methodological system was carried out involving students of Nasirdin Isanov Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture, Kazakh University of Transport Communications, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev in 2018-2019. Results. The result of this study is the motivation-target, content, activity-based, and evaluative-reflexive components of the methodological system highlighted by the authors, each of which is characterised quite succinctly and accessibly. The authors of this study covered the role of the course of computer science in the development of students’ skills in using the possibilities of information technology in the professional sphere, the development of instrumental competencies. Conclusions. During the study, a model of the methodological system of teaching students was created, which was based on factors, conditions, principles, and criteria of methodology, competencies, and the level of their development, forms and methods of teaching. The results obtained can be used in the methodological work of university teachers and in advanced training courses for schoolteachers.

The COVID guidelines India project: A rapid living evidence synthesis during a pandemic in a LMIC setting

BackgroundCOVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact worldwide. Evidence for management interventions emerged rapidly but was difficult for clinicians and others to assess and decide how to use. Our team in India set up a national and international collaboration preparing guidance in real time to help guide clinical practice in the country during a pandemic setting. We describe our methods and the product in this paper. MethodsSpecialized groups comprising core, steering, methodology, evidence synthesis, dissemination and intervention expert working groups were formed. A Cochrane Rapid Review approach was used for prioritized questions in areas of clinical equipoise in management of COVID-19. GRADE methodology was incorporated into this process and expert working groups tailored guidelines for India using the WHO Evidence to Decision framework. This was then disseminated on a widely accessible platform: indiacovidguidelines.org. A questionnaire was then used to obtain end-user feedback on the guidelines. ResultsSince May 2021, a total of 20 guidelines have been developed spanning pharmacological, respiratory and other supportive interventions for management of COVID-19, with over 83,600 unique page views up to December 2023. Results from a pilot survey suggest usefulness of the guidelines, but also highlighted areas for improvement. A key output was adoption of our anticoagulation recommendation in state level COVID-19 guidelines (Kerala, India). National and institutional capacity for evidence synthesis and guidelines was strengthened. ConclusionsThe COVID Guidelines India project successfully developed contextually relevant, nationally applicable, evidence-based guidelines in a timely manner, and disseminated these freely through a dedicated website while successfully building capacity amongst Indian clinicians for evidence-based guideline development. Throughout the ongoing COVID Guidelines India project, the team has maintained a 'living' approach, continuously updating and refining recommendations in response to emerging evidence during the ever-evolving pandemic landscape.

Adrijo: A Digital Platform for Adriatic Port Heritage—Good Practices for Virtual Museums and Touristic Experiences

Over the past decade, virtual museums have rapidly evolved due to technological advancements, and after the COVID-19 disruption grew in importance, this sustained the innovation of storytelling and the digital transformation of touristic practices. This paper presents the outcomes of a cooperation project: a virtual museum for eight ports in the Adriatic area, constituting notable examples of widespread heritage. The platform Adrijo is a multi-scalar, multilayer virtual museum that leverages the concept of geo-storytelling and e-tourism, also applying two augmented reality technologies for site-specific installations. In addition to the project results, an assessment of the different levels and experiences is provided, based on qualitative and qualitative analysis. As a re-usable resource, the technical tender specification from the methodological work package is presented, encompassing details of the technology, structure, functionalities, costs, timing for realization, and accessibility for disabled people. This paper proposes, through the critical analysis of the VM, a methodology that can be reused in other contexts, also providing toolkits for both its implementation and user satisfaction surveys, as well as for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of some specific examples. The goal of the present research is thus to establish a consolidated methodological framework for designing, developing, implementing, and assessing a virtual museum, fully featured with 3D models and augmented reality technologies.

Взаимосвязь проектного управления с концепцией бережливого производства на предприятии

The author examined the theoretical and methodological provisions of the relationship between project management and the concept of lean production in an enterprise, the history of the development of project management, the concept and purpose. It is noted that in modern conditions, project management managers are faced with new requirements for high agility, flexibility, prompt provision of the main departments of enterprises with operational information, but quite effective and manageable. This lean project management should contribute to the continuous improvement of the operational efficiency of enterprises. Methods and methods for creating working groups in an enterprise have been studied. Innovative methods in the economy lead to a significant increase in labor productivity and the release of labor resources. The article discusses the methodology and flexible working methods and the benefits that can be obtained through innovation. The formation and creation of working groups is presented, the need for developing the personnel potential of JSC Perm Mashinostroitel Plant is substantiated. A lean manufacturing project is described to reduce production losses in product release.

Public preferences for vaccination campaigns in the COVID-19 endemic phase: insights from the VaxPref database

ObjectiveDespite widespread perceptions that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is no longer a significant threat, the virus continues to loom, and new variants may require renewed efforts to control its spread. Understanding how individual preferences and attitudes influence vaccination behaviour and policy compliance in light of the endemic phase is crucial in preparation for this scenario. MethodThis paper presents descriptive data from a global stated choice survey conducted in 22 countries across 6 different continents between July 2022 and August 2023, and reports the methodological work developed to address the need for comparable data. ResultsThis study included 50,242 respondents. Findings indicated significant heterogeneity across countries in terms of vaccination status and willingness to accept boosters. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal were driven by lower trust in public health bodies, younger age, and lower educational levels. Refusers and hesitant people reported lower willingness to take risks compared to those fully vaccinated (p<0.05). Lower mental health levels were found for the hesitant cohort (p<0.05). ConclusionsInsights from this database can help public health authorities to gain a new understanding of the vaccine hesitancy phenomenon, support them in managing the transition from the pandemic to the endemic phase, and favour a new stream of research to maximise behavioural response to vaccination programs in preparation of future pandemics.

Enhancing Piano Proficiency: Influential Factors for Success in the Pianism and Worldwide Projection Program at the National University of Costa Rica

The following study approaches factors that can influence the process and progress of piano learning. To do this, a questionnaire was administered to 11 students from the Worldwide Pianism and Projection program at the National University of Costa Rica to know their opinions regarding the determining factors that strengthen piano proficiency. The results show that attention to factors such as learning environment, discipline, motivation, and the teacher-student relationship strengthen piano pedagogy in favor of improving and achieving objectives. In addition, it raises the need to select work strategies that enhance the pianistic progress of students concerning the methodological work in the classroom.

PRACTICAL TRAINING OF HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS IN SPECIALTY STOMATOLOGY AT BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Considerable changes have taken place in the health care system of Ukraine. Theseprocesses produce a great influence on higher medical education, and therefore, it issignificantly transforming. Comprehensive mastering of a substantial amount of practicalskills, continuous advance of professional training quality is one of the important tasks athigher medical educational institutions. Training of a dentist involves practical trainingof essential common medical manipulations as well as special skills in diagnostics,prevention, and treatment of dental diseases.Objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) is a leading one in training of highereducation learners in the field of dentistry. The exam stimulates learning and concentratesstudent attention on acquiring clinical competence, increases the quality of educationalexperience of those taking the exam. It provides validity and reliability of assessment,qualitative feedback relations with current assessment of knowledge and skills of students.Objective – to analyze the educational- professional program «Stomatology» anddirections of its implementation among higher education learners at the departments ofstomatology.Materials and methods. Analysis of the educational- professional program «Stomatology»,psychological- pedagogical and methodological literature, materials of educationalmethodological conferences, methodological work of the departments. To achieve theaim, to specify the content and peculiarities of implementation of up-to-date pedagogicalmethods in the educational process the following theoretical methods of the research areapplied: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, and systematization.Conclusions. Implementation of the educational program 221 «Stomatology» atBukovinian State Medical University is based on current scientific achievements ofstomatology and dentistry aid system. The program considers special distinctive featuresin the development of the regional health care system under conditions of labor markettransformation. Education is focused on a qualified practical dentistry training oflearners by means of integration of international innovation educational technologies.OSCE produces a positive effect on the educational process, since it stimulates learning.The attention of learners is concentrated on mastering clinical competence. Studentknowledge is assessed under conditions as close as possible to clinical ones. It helpsaccurate assessment of their skills and abilities necessary in professional work.

Site-Selective Protein Conjugation by a Multicomponent Ugi Reaction.

The chemical bioconjugation of proteins has seen tremendous applications in the past decades, with the booming of antibody-drug conjugates and their use in oncology. While genetic engineering has permitted to produce bespoke proteins featuring key (un-)natural amino acid residues poised for site-selective modifications, the conjugation of native proteins is riddled with selectivity issues. Chemoselective strategies are plentiful and enable the precise modification of virtually any residue with a reactive side-chain; site-selective methods are less common and usually most effective on small and medium-sized proteins. In this context, we studied the application of the Ugi multicomponent reaction for the site-selective conjugation of amine and carboxylate groups on proteins, and antibodies in particular. Through an in-depth mechanistic methodology work supported by peptide mapping studies, we managed to develop a set of conditions allowing the highly selective modification of antibodies bearing N-terminal glutamate and aspartate residues. We demonstrated that this strategy did not alter their affinity toward their target antigen and produced an antibody-drug conjugate with subnanomolar potency. Excitingly, we showed that the high site selectivity of our strategy was maintained on other protein formats, especially on anticalins, for which directed mutagenesis helped to highlight the key importance of a single lysine residue.

About the first head of the Department of Economics and Management, Professor Lin Alexander Alekseevich

The essay is dedicated to Alexander Alekseevich Lin, Professor, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the first head of the Department of Economics and Management of the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical Academy. This essay presents his biography, contribution to pharmaceutical science and education, the results of his work, the most important scientific achievements, as well as information about the scientific, educational, methodological and organizational work of the department, which he headed. Alexander Alekseevich was awarded the prize of the Government of St. Petersburg and the certificate of honor of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for outstanding achievements in the field of higher education and healthcare, as well as awarded the medal “100 years of Russian trade unions”. His vivid and significant contribution to educational activities and the sphere of public life will remain for a long time in the memory of colleagues, students and everyone who knew him. In our short essay, we used the materials of the department, archival data, bibliographic and abstract databases.

Методична робота як шлях розвитку професійної мобільності фахівців спеціальної освіти

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of professional mobility of special education specialists through methodical work. The essential characteristic of professional mobility as a significant integrative quality of a modern specialist is determined. Variants of mobility in the professional activity of special education specialists are described. It is substantiated that methodical work is a way of forming mobility in professional activity. The main tasks of methodical work in the direction of formation of professional mobility of special education specialists have been defined. The developed and tested forms of methodical work on the formation of mobility of specialists in the education of children with special needs are presented (training program, scientific and methodical seminar, training classes, practical seminar, self-education). The need for the development of personal qualities of a specialist for mobility in professional activity, in particular «soft skills», which is the basis for mobility, is determined. The need to increase the competence of specialists in the use of ICT in working with children with special educational needs for the development of mobility in the process of methodical work is substantiated. Self-education is defined as one of the ways to develop mobility, provided that it is implemented informally. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the formation of professional mobility of special education specialists in methodical work have been determined. It is concluded that methodological work as a way of forming the mobility of specialists involves the improvement of professional knowledge and skills, the development of personal qualities, «soft skills» of specialists for the quality education of children with special educational needs.

Meta-analyses in Economic Psychology: A sustainable approach to cross-cultural differences

This manuscript is a methodological work on the state of research using meta-analytic procedures in Economic Psychology, with a focus on the investigation of cross-cultural differences. We review published meta-analyses and introduce a new classification thereof by data source, describing how the different categories relate to the study of cross-cultural differences. We also discuss related opportunities and challenges, proposing a sustainable methodological approach that is then implemented in three case studies where we re-analyze data from published meta-analyses. In doing so, the relevance of culture as a determinant is explored by relating country-level cultural indicators to experimental measures of risk aversion, tax compliance, and prosocial behavior, respectively. It turns out that, after we control for country-level cultural heterogeneity and economic development, country-level individualism predicts these economic outcomes. We discuss possible interpretations of our findings. meta-analysis, individualism, fractionalization, Multiple Price List, Tax Evasion Game, Dictator Game

THE RETURN OF UKRAINIAN CULTURAL TREASURES: A LONG ROAD HOME

An analysis of various aspects of the return of Ukrainian cultural treasures has been conducted. The article examines the collaboration between the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and the Archive-Museum of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences in the USA in 2009. It demonstrates that archival materials and personal belongings of the Kosach family were transferred from the Funds of the Archive-Museum of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences to the Lesia Ukrainka Research Institute. It is indicated that in 2010, a concept was developed and the initial stage of the “Cultural Treasures of Ukraine” information system was implemented. This system comprised eight registers of cultural treasures: those lost during and as a result of World War II (libraries, museums); those returned to Ukraine; those related to the history of the Ukrainian people located outside Ukraine; those sought nationally; those sought upon requests from other countries; confiscated cultural treasures; objects with permits for temporary export from Ukraine. It is noted that during this period, exhibitions, cultural projects, presentations, and discussions related to the return of Ukrainian cultural treasures were organized. After the cessation of the State Service for Control over the Movement of Cultural Values across the State Border in 2011, the Department for the Control of the Movement of Cultural Values was established within the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine. Importantly, despite funding constraints due to an economic crisis, efforts were made to search for cultural treasures and maintain cooperation with the Ukrainian diaspora. Additionally, the article highlights initiatives concerning the return of Scythian gold and the intricate process of repatriating cultural artifacts to Ukraine. The protracted legal battle in this matter is analyzed. Methodological work was also carried out to establish specific norms for conducting expertise on cultural values, leading to the approval of Methodological Recommendations for the State Expertise of Cultural Values by the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine in 2019. Notably, contacts with the United States of America and Germany have been of particular importance in the realm of cultural treasures repatriation.

ТЕРМИНЫ "НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИЯ" И "ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ДОКУМЕНТ": К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОНЯТИЙ

Archiving research of scientific and technical documentation is traditionally is considered in scientific and methodological works, as well as training courses as an equal part of general archival studies. But at the same time, the definition of the term “scientific and technical documentation” has not been fixed yet in the regulatory documents, in historiography, as well as in the terminological standards, where we observe different interpretations of this term. Obviously, the main issue in defining the term “scientific and technical documentation” is its cross-system nature, and likewise its polysemantic use in various fields of science. It is typical that different methodological documents and draft regulations include different documentation systems in this concept. At the same time, the terms “scientific and technical document”, “electronic scientific and technical document” are now actively used. The article analyzes the terminological controversies of the archival studies of scientific and technical documentation. The main issue considered by the author is the definition of the terms “scientific and technical documentation” and “electronic scientific and technical document”. The paper scrutinizes the history of the use of the terms, their historiography. The issues of the relationship between management documentation and scientific and technical documentation are also touched upon. The author of the article formulates and justifies the definitions of the terms “scientific and technical documentation”, “scientific and technical document”, “electronic scientific and technical document”.

Accumulating evidence across studies: Consistent methods protect against false findings produced by p-hacking.

Much empirical science involves evaluating alternative explanations for the obtained data. For example, given certain assumptions underlying a statistical test, a "significant" result generally refers to implausibility of a null (zero) effect in the population producing the obtained study data. However, methodological work on various versions of p-hacking (i.e., using different analysis strategies until a "significant" result is produced) questions whether significant p-values might often reflect false findings. Indeed, initial simulations of single studies showed that the potential for finding "significant" but false findings might be much higher than the nominal .05 value when various analysis flexibilities are undertaken. In many settings, however, research articles report multiple studies using consistent methods across the studies, where those consistent methods would constrain the flexibilities used to produce high false-finding rates for simulations of single studies. Thus, we conducted simulations of study sets. These simulations show that consistent methods across studies (i.e., consistent in terms of which measures are analyzed, which conditions are included, and whether and how covariates are included) dramatically reduce the potential for flexible research practices (p-hacking) to produce consistent sets of significant results across studies. For p-hacking to produce even modest probabilities of a consistent set of studies would require (a) a large amount of selectivity in study reporting and (b) severe (and quite intentional) versions of p-hacking. With no more than modest selective reporting and with consistent methods across studies, p-hacking does not provide a plausible explanation for consistent empirical results across studies, especially as the size of the reported study set increases. In addition, the simulations show that p-hacking can produce high rates of false findings for single studies with very large samples. In contrast, a series of methodologically-consistent studies (even with much smaller samples) is much less vulnerable to the forms of p-hacking examined in the simulations.

A filosofia da mente como um problema da filosofia e da ciência. Trans/form/ação: revista de filosofia da Unesp, Marília, v. 47, n. 2, “Perspectivas femininas no pensamento filosófico”, e0240025, 2024.

Abstract: The purpose of the scientific article is a comparative analysis of the philosophy of consciousness in the context of Western and Eastern theory. In the process of the three stages of scientific research, the authors used general scientific and unique methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, comparative, and content analysis methods. The Western and Eastern philosophy representatives’ scientific and methodological works are analyzed to explain the problem of human consciousness. The features of Islamic monotheism in Al-Farabi’s views, as well as the relationship between thinking and body in Ibn Sina’s theory, are considered. The interpretation of the philosophy of consciousness of the Western region is presented on the example of Dennett’s heterophenomenology and physicalism, the “Chinese room” thought experiment by Searle and others. The fundamental similarities and differences in explaining the philosophy of consciousness by Western and Eastern scientists are determined. The author’s analytical criticism of these philosophical trends is provided.

Развитие подходов к установлению причины пожара: от начала 20 века до наших дней

Purpose. The article examines the evolution of approaches to determining the immediate cause of fires in Russia based on a retrospective analysis of scientific and methodological works from 1906 to the present. It is revealed that currently, the basis for reasoning aimed at establishing the cause of a fire is the abductive method, in which hypotheses about their probable causes are formulated based on known consequences. At the same time, a complex of organically interconnected signs of a fire manifests and changes depending on the stage of fire development; it can arise under the influence of various causes and, significantly, reflect the peculiarities of the object's reaction to the fire. In this regard, there is a need to develop more advanced approaches to forming versioning conclusions when establishing the cause of a fire during fire-technical expertise, which would minimize the limitations described above. To develop such an approach, a retrospective analysis of activities for establishing the cause of a fire was carried out, as well as the analysis and selection of logical methods for its determination. Methods. The scientific basis of the research was provided by system analysis, methods of information synthesis, and expert analysis. Findings. The analysis showed that from 1906 to 2018 in our country the main method of investigating the circumstances related to the occurrence of fires is abductive reasoning (versioning analysis). There is a database in which each specific cause of a fire is implicatively linked to a set of signs arising in a fire that occurred for this reason. Research application field. The obtained results can be used in further development of methods for identifying the cause of fires. Conclusions. The study showed that the abductive approach to proposing versions of the causes of fires in the 20th–21st centuries has proved to be productive; the probability of abductive conclusions increased in various directions (through computer modeling – scenario approach, in technical aspects – involving physico-chemical analysis, etc.). Schemes for conducting versioning research to establish the cause of a fire at the initial and modern stages have been developed. The development of methods for identifying the cause of fires may consist of expanding and detailing the theoretical basis of versions, improving mathematical models and their informational support, as well as developing algorithms for comparing theoretical and factual bases of versions to form an expert conclusion – versioning conclusion.

Surface and Depth in Sensory Ethnography: Casting Bodied Experience in an Arts-Based Interviewing Practice

Arts-based research can provide pivotal avenues for researchers and participants to explore experiences that are difficult to put into words. Arts-based methods offer important opportunities for participants to develop reflexive understanding through material interaction with art and mark-making supplies. While sensorial and embodied experiences are entangled with arts-based methods, there is little methodological and theoretical work that puts arts-based research methods into conversation with sensory ethnography. This methods paper provides a detailed, critical reflection on the development and implementation of the sensorial arts-based exercise, Beneath the Surface, for research that examines solid-organ transplant recipients’ embodied experiences through a crip/feminist/materialist framework. Adapted from art therapy practices, Beneath the Surface generated a novel context for the articulation of embodied experience, creating space for the expression of sensations and feelings that fall outside the dominant cultural narratives of transplant, such as the “gift of life” or a “second chance,” that demand absolute gratitude. Beneath the Surface contributes to theoretical discussions surrounding embodiment, inscription, and interiority. The exercise also demands attention to ethical deliberations, highlighting the critical importance of developing trauma-informed research protocols and addressing the historically fraught relationship between critical disability studies and art therapy.

Evolution of the forms of sources on classical dance technique in the methodological literature of the second half of the 15th – first half of the 20th centuries

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the forms of literary works on classical dance technique of the second half of the 15th – first half of the 20th century, among which are educational and methodological manuals, dance notations, theoretical, historical and critical works, and classical dance curriculums. The creation of the first theoretical works on the art of choreography determines the upper temporal boundary of the chronological framework of the research. The development of the first classical dance curriculums determines the lower chronological limit. Until now, curriculums have not been regarded as an autonomous source, allowing to objectively assess the level of performing skills in their historical development. The research is aimed to identify the prerequisites for the emergence of this form of explanation and description of classical dance technique. It is hypothesized that already in the earliest theoretical works, the programmatic approach of the choreographic mindset can be traced. Using the historical method, the article makes a retrospective analysis of literary sources to reveal this pattern. The novelty of the research shows the importance of the classical dance curriculum not only in the evolution of professional ballet education but also in the development of the theory of choreographic art. It is concluded that there is a conventional form of classical dance curriculum in the content of the analyzed works. It was found that the methods of many outstanding teachers (P. Beauchamp, F. Taglioni, O. Vestris, E. Cecchetti) were described by their students, as they did not leave behind any published theoretical works. Other specialists in the field of choreographic art (R. Feuillet, A. Bournonville, E. Theleur, A. J. Zorn, V. I. Stepanov), on the contrary, combined several competences at once in writing methodology, theory, curriculums, and notations.

СОЦІОЛОГІЗАЦІЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ПРАВА: ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО СУМІСНІСТЬ ТИПІВ ПРАВОРОЗУМІННЯ

The article presents research of the widespread tendency to justify the concept of natural law within empirical sociocultural and anthropological factors in order to deprive it of its metaphysical character, which corresponds to sociological methodology. Emphasis is laid on the assumption of fundamental compatibility of the concepts of natural and sociological law, which, according to the author, is false. This outlines the related goal of the thesis that lies in proving formal logical and methodological incompatibility of the aforementioned concepts as well as inability of the sociological interpretation of natural law to solve the problem of lack of trust therein. Emphasis is also laid on inability of sociological methodology to solve the problem of ethical justification of the correctness of legal standards and behavior, which is clearly manifested in the projections of legitimacy and values. It is emphasized that the ethical foundations of law are not derived from the actual condition and require absolute values of transcendent (metaphysical) nature. The conclusion is made that natural law and sociological law are comparable but logically incompatible concepts, since they are formed according to opposite essential features determining the oppositeness of the elements that constitute their scope. In addition, the notions and concepts under research are opposite according to the ontological principles of origin and essence as well as according to the cognitive ideals forming the principles of their methodology. Together, this makes it possible to insist on the oppositeness of their nature. However, their oppositeness does not exclude complementarity in performance of the methodological work they do, albeit in their own way. Therefore, the gaps in knowledge of the ontological foundations of the theory of natural law are not a reason to abandon its instrumental capabilities as a value-oriented measure for the norms established by people. To restore trust in natural law, sociologization thereof is not enough, since the empirical methodology of sociologism creates only the illusion of solution to the problem of justifying the ethical foundations of the legal order solved by the concept of natural law in a different cognitive way. Key words: natural law, sociological law, sociologization of natural law, sociological methodology, metaphysics, legitimacy, values.