Methodological Trends Research Articles

Child maltreatment: qualitative review of theoretical and methodological trends in intervention programs with an attachment perspective

This review provides a qualitative comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of 27 studies in which the results of the implementation of programs involved in child maltreatment are presented with an attachment perspective. The studies were examined following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. It was found that the programs promote the development of maternal sensitivity, mentalization or reflective functioning and empathy, however, the underlying mechanisms are not differentiated according to the type of abuse to intervene. Likewise, it was found that despite the recognition of the mother's violent childhood experiences as one of the main predisposing factors for child abuse, it is a variable that is scarcely considered in the programs examined. These findings indicate the importance of developing intervention programs that consider a cumulative ecological risk perspective

Application of Single Particle ICP-MS for the Determination of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food Additives and Food: A Short Review.

Due to enhanced properties at the nanoscale, nanomaterials (NMs) have been incorporated into foods, food additives, and food packaging materials. Knowledge gaps related to (but not limited to) fate, transport, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nanomaterials have led to an expedient need to expand research efforts in the food research field. While classical techniques can provide information on dilute suspensions, these techniques sample a low throughput of nanoparticles (NPs) in the suspension and are limited in the range of the measurement metrics so orthogonal techniques must be used in tandem to fill in measurement gaps. New and innovative characterization techniques have been developed and optimized for employment in food nano-characterization. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a high-throughput nanoparticle characterization technique capable of providing vital measurands of NP-containing samples such as size distribution, number concentration, and NP evolution has been employed as a characterization technique in food research since its inception. Here, we offer a short, critical review highlighting existing studies that employ spICP-MS in food research with a particular focus on method validation and trends in sample preparation and spICP-MS methodology. Importantly, we identify and address areas in research as well as offer insights into yet to be addressed knowledge gaps in methodology.

Current Trends in Feature Extraction and Classification Methodologies of Biomedical Signals.

Biomedical signal and image processing is the study of the dynamic behavior of various bio-signals, which benefits academics and research. Signal processing is used to assess the behavior of analogue and digital signals for the assessment, reconfiguration, improved efficiency, extraction of features, and reorganization of patterns. This paper unveils hidden characteristic information about input signals using feature extraction methods. The main feature extraction methods used in signal processing are based on studying time, frequency, and frequency domain. Feature exaction methods are used for data reduction, comparison, and reducing dimensions, producing the original signal with sufficient accuracy with a structure of an efficient and robust pattern for the classifier system. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the various feature extraction methods, feature transformation methods, classifiers, and datasets for biomedical signals.

Методологические ориентиры историографии русской философии (40–90-е годы XX века)

This article provides an excursus into the field of tendencies and substantive features of the development of historiography of Russian philosophy in 40–90s of XX century. Provisions on multidimensionality and com-plexity of its methodological guidelines are denoted. As the main methodological trend in the development of the historiography of Russian philosophy, the orientation towards Marxist methodology, which focused on the analysis of the history of the spread of philosophical ideas in the USSR, is highlighted. It is emphasized that political changes in the 1950s, which entailed a change in the methodological orientation of the Soviet philoso-phers, were reflected in their focus on the interpretation of the specifics of national thought in the multinational USSR. In subsequent years, in the historiographical space of Russian philosophy, there was a systematization of methodological variations in the interpretation of formal and substantive features of Russian philosophy. In the run-up to the “crucial” 1990s, and primarily in the context of European philosophical thought, there emerged a tendency to single out periods of the “foreign renaissance” and “Soviet Marxism” in the history of Russian philosophy. As a methodological variation of the historiography of Russian philosophy at the threshold of the XXI century the tendency to popularize philosophical science, which actualized the enlightenment emphasis in the development of domestic philosophical thought.

New Trend in Education after Covid-19 Attack: EFL Higher Students’ Experiences in Hybrid Environment in a Private University

After the covid-19 attack for a few years, hybrid environment in education become a new trend in today educational methodology in Indonesia. This is because traditional face to face teaching and learning were forbidden by Indonesian government during covid-19 pandemic. Alternatively, virtual teaching and learning are implemented. The habit of the integration of technology in education continues after the pandemic by implementing hybrid learning and teaching environment. This qualitative research with a case study approach aims to explore EFL higher students’ experiences in hybrid environment. There were six students participated in this research that the researchers got through purposive sampling. Open-ended interview was the main data collection used in this research to give a clear picture and deep understanding of EFL higher students experience in hybrid environment after the pandemic. All the interview data were recorded, transcribed, analyzed, and divided into some themes. Further, member checking was done by the researchers to develop trustworthiness of the research. The findings of this research revealed at least two themes which are the advantages of hybrid environment (free from space-time and increasing speaking ability) and disadvantages of hybrid environment (costly, and bad connection). Further, suggestion and recommendation were offered to all related parties.

중등 특수교육의 현상학적 질적 연구 동향

This study aimed to implications and future research directions for phenomenological qualitative research in the field of secondary special education by analyzing trends in phenomenological qualitative research conducted in the field of secondary special education. For this purpose, a total of 32 phenomenological papers related to secondary special education published by May 2023 were selected. The selected study were attempted hermeneutical phenomenological reflection according to overall research trends, research methodological trends, and Van Manen’s concept of existence. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the research participants in the field of secondary special education were mainly parents and teachers, that ‘lived experience’ was the key word throughout the analysis study, and that interviews were used as the main data collection method. In addition, the results of hermeneutical phenomenological reflection were presented using Van Manen’s four concepts of existence, ‘body,’ ‘relation,’ ‘space,’ and ‘time’. Using the results, the direction and implications of phenomenological qualitative research in the field of secondary special education were discussed.

Perspektif Negara Komunis Menyoroti Tren Etika dan Pendidikan Komparatif

In this article, I have tried to highlight some aspects of the two perspectives. The first is the perspective of the researcher who recalls his past as a student in a communist country, interpreting his life experiences given his impact on his education and teaching profession. The second perspective is that of the researcher who looks to the future, initially lacking in resources but willing to connect with global research in his area of interest, educational ethics. International studies that support and inspire our research in the domain of educational ethics include philosophical works, the study of moral psychology, and resources from sociology and organizational psychology as well as from pedagogy. Regarding expected trends in comparative and international education, I have grouped them into three categories: (1) Trends related to research themes in comparative education: many of the main themes of education have been filtered or will be filtered through a comparative lens (educational history, philosophy- educational physics, curriculum and didactics, sociology of education, politics and economics of education and educational psychology); (2) Methodological trends in quantitative and qualitative methodologies together will support the research process in comparative education; and (3) Trends regarding the impact of research in comparative pedagogy: Global Models of will Inspire Local Initiatives without Copiable Beings.

Reflections on Teaching Quantitative Methods in Arabic to Graduate Students from the mena Region

Abstract Despite a growing reliance on quantitative methods in the study of mena politics globally, political scientists from the region have broadly resisted such trends. While mena scholars should not be beholden to methodological trends in other regions, there is a need to provide students with an interest in quantitative methods opportunities to receive such training in Arabic. The Summer School for Quantitative Methods was a virtual five-day program offered by the Arab Political Science Network (apsn) and the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies from May 29 to June 2, 2022. The primary aim of ssqm was to address the gap noted above and introduce political science graduate students from the Arabic-speaking world to quantitative empirical analysis. The program accomplished its immediate goals, and the application process showed a significant demand for training in quantitative methods in the region, yet future projects should take into consideration the considerable challenges we faced.

A Systematic Review of Curiosity and Wonder in Natural Science and Early Childhood Education Research

ABSTRACT Disagreement exists about how to best spark young children’s motivation to learn natural science. Both curiosity and wonder are considered important motivational factors for learning during early childhood (0–8 years). This systematic literature review explores research about scientific curiosity and wonder in early childhood education and care published from 2010–2020. The review outlines the population of interest (participants in the study, age of children, study location), methodological trends, and how curiosity and/or wonder are included in the research. The search yielded 300 peer-reviewed articles, of which 33 were included for analysis based on eligibility criteria. The main results showed that: (a) the term “curiosity” was more commonly used than the term “wonder,” (b) few studies elaborated on their understanding of the two terms beyond them being naturally present in children, and (c) curiosity and/or wonder were emphasized as means to learn natural science or considered as stimulated by it, although few studies discussed how children’s curiosity and wonder can be observed and nurtured. With a better understanding of what defines the terms curiosity and wonder and how to foster these qualities in early childhood education and care, we can learn to better support children’s intrinsic motivation for science learning.

Approaches to Indonesia's Foreign Policy: Area Studies, FPA Theory, and Global IR

This article traces the evolution of Indonesia's foreign policy studies, highlighting the major theoretical and methodological trends that have shaped their current form. As a starting point, we introduce a discourse on non-Western Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), having developed beyond the dominance of the Western-rooted International Relations (IR) discipline. The authors encounter that Indonesia's foreign policy studies evolve through two stages. The first stage occurred during the Cold War until the early 2000s. It demonstrated a scholarship development characterized by an attempt to promote a national-focused or area studies perspective, despite the influence of realism and positivism. The second stage, visible since the mid-2000s, shows the advancement of diverse theory-driven inquiries, having been moved by the younger generation of scholars more exposed to various theories and research methods in IR. Dealing with these two phases of the studies will likely build Indonesia's foreign policy studies' inclusive, critical, and unique identity. It can be realized by adopting and contextualizing approaches offered by state transformation theory, critical realism, and reflexive theorizing in IR to unpack the relatively overlooked aspects of Indonesia's foreign policy.

Future trends in IT project management – large organizations perspective

Purpose of the study: This article aims to identify and better understand the current trends in IT project management methodologies, focusing on the perspective of large organizations.
 Methodology: Systematic literature review has been conducted in SCOPUS and Web of Science databases to understand the current state of knowledge. Also as an additional verification of the results, a narrative search was done later in the SCOPUS database to confirm the growing interest in particular project management methodologies over time.
 Main Findings: The review has shown that the top two trends in project management methodologies are hybrid and agile approaches. The other two that consistently popped up and were also confirmed by follow-up narrative search, were AI-driven and sustainable project management.
 Applications of the study: Results of this review are useful for both researchers and practitioners, pointing out areas for future research and development, as well as showing what are the best approaches to project management.
 Novelty/Originality of the study: This systematic literature review has shown the latest state of trends related to research done recently, with explaining of how to use new trends to fight the nowadays challenges related to AI, sustainability, and performance of teams in large organizations, from a project management perspective.

Meta-analysis of political communication research on Twitter: Methodological trends

Meta-analysis of political communication research on Twitter: Methodological trends

Pathogen Prevalence Estimates and Diagnostic Methodology Trends in Laboratory Mice and Rats from 2003 to 2020.

Rodents used in biomedical research are maintained as specific pathogen-free (SPF) by employing biosecurity measures that eliminate and exclude adventitious infectious agents known to confound research. The efficacy of these practices is assessed by routine laboratory testing referred to as health monitoring (HM). This study summarizes the results of HM performed at Charles River Research Animal Diagnostic Services (CR-RADS) on samples submitted by external (non-Charles River) clients between 2003 and 2020. Summarizing this vast amount of data has been made practicable by the recent introduction of end-user business intelligence tools to Excel. HM summaries include the number of samples tested and the percent positive by diagnostic methodology, including direct examination for parasites, cultural isolation and identification for bacteria, serology for antibodies to viruses and fastidious microorganisms, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for pathogen-specific genomic sequences. Consistent with comparable studies, the percentages of pathogen-positive samples by diagnostic methodology and year interval are referred to as period prevalence estimates (%PE). These %PE substantiate the elimination of once common respiratory pathogens, such as Sendai virus, and reductions in the prevalence of other agents considered common, such as the rodent coronaviruses and parvoviruses. Conversely, the %PE of certain pathogens, for example, murine norovirus (MNV), Helicobacter, Rodentibacter, and parasites remain high, perhaps due to the increasing exchange of genetically engineered mutant (GEM) rodents among researchers and the challenges and high cost of eliminating these agents from rodent housing facilities. Study results also document the growing role of PCR in HM because of its applicability to all pathogen types and its high specificity and sensitivity; moreover, PCR can detect pathogens in samples collected antemortem directly from colony animals and from the environment, thereby improving the detection of host-adapted, environmentally unstable pathogens that are not efficiently transmitted to sentinels by soiled bedding.

Group II Introns: Highly Structured yet Dynamic.

RNA splicing, the removal of introns and ligation of exons, is a crucial process during mRNA maturation. Group II introns are large ribozymes that self-catalyze their splicing, as well as their transposition. They are living fossils of spliceosomal introns and eukaryotic retroelements. The yeast mitochondrial Sc.ai5γ is the first identified and best-studied self-splicing group II intron. A combination of biochemical, biophysical, and computational tools enables studying its catalytic properties, structure, and dynamics, while also serving to develop new therapeutic and biotechnological tools. We survey the history of group II intron studies paralleling the trends in RNA methodology with Sc.ai5γ in the spotlight.

Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and reconstruction-A 12-year review of methodological trends and outcomes at a tertiary referral centre.

Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) involves removal of healthy breast tissue to substantially decrease the risk of developing breast cancer in individuals with greater susceptibility due to a strong family history or genetic mutation. This retrospective study evaluates cases of BRRM and associated reconstruction performed at a tertiary centre, with emphasis on mastectomy and reconstructive trends. A retrospective review of all BRRM cases performed between January 2010 and May 2022 was conducted, with two separate cohorts corresponding to the earlier (group 1) and later (group 2) portion of the time-period. Data collected included demographics, genetic test results, family history of breast/ovarian cancer, co-morbidities, mastectomy type, reconstruction type, surgical histopathology findings and post-operative complications. A total of 82 patients (group 1 = 41, group 2 = 41) underwent BRRM. The proportion of nipple-sparing mastectomy increased from 14.6% to 56.1% between the two time periods with a reduction in skin-sparing mastectomies from 75.6% to 20.3% (p<0.001). Of the 80 patients who opted to undergo reconstruction, there was a significant decrease in combined flap-implant reconstructions (19.51% to 0%, p<0.01). Importantly, for implant-only reconstruction, there were significant increases in prepectoral approaches (p = 0.0267) and use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) (48.15% to 90.63%, p<0.001). This study documents recent increases in nipple-sparing techniques for BRRM compared to more traditional skin-sparing methods. Concurrently, reconstruction following RRM has become predominantly implant-based without a flap, coinciding with more widespread usage of ADM. This is consistent with national trends towards fewer complex autologous procedures.

Guidelines for Future Agile Methodologies and Architecture Reconciliation for Software-Intensive Systems

Background: Several methodologies have been proposed since the first days of software development, from what is now named traditional/heavy methodologies, and later their counterpart, the agile methodologies. The whole idea behind agile methodologies is to produce software at a faster pace than what was considered with plan-based methodologies, which had a greater focus on documenting all tasks and activities before starting the proper software development. Problem: One issue here is that strict agilists are often against fully documenting the software architecture in the first phases of a software process development. However, architectural documentation cannot be neglected, given the well-known importance of software architecture to the success of a software project. Proposed Solution: In this article, we describe the past and current situation of agile methodologies and their relation to architecture description, as well as guidelines for future Agile Methodologies and Architecture Reconciliation. Method: We propose a literature review to understand how agile methodologies and architecture reconciliation can help in providing trends towards the success of a software project and supporting software development at a faster pace. This work was grounded in General Systems Theory as we describe the past, present, and future trends for rapid systems development through the integration of organizations, stakeholders, processes, and systems for software development. Summary of results: As extensively discussed in the literature, we found that there is a false dichotomy between agility and software architecture, and then we describe guidelines for future trends in agile methodologies and reconciliation of architecture to document agile architectures with both architectural decisions and agile processes for any system, as well as future trends to support organizations, stakeholders, processes, and systems.

Gender disparities in prevalence by diagnostic criteria, treatment and mortality of newly diagnosed acute myocardial infarction in Korean adults

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is highly prevalent and remains the leading cause of mortality. Particularly in women, under-recognition and management of AMI have been raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term trends of prevalence, treatment methodologies, and mortality of AMI by gender. The subjects of this study were patients hospitalized for AMI according to the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database from 2002 to 2018. Total 633,097 AMI patients were hospitalized, 40% women. The incidence of AMI has been increasing since 2011, with a lower incidence in women. Overall, 53.1% of patients underwent CAG, with a lower tendency in women than in men (39.8% vs. 62.3%). Furthermore, fewer women underwent PCI than men (77.5% vs. 85.8% in 2018, p < 0.0001). Of the 336,463 AMI patients undergoing CAG, women were undertreated with a lower prescription rate of beta-blockers or statins at discharge. When adjusted for age, women showed higher 7-day mortality but lower 1-year mortality relative to men. According to the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database, women with AMI have been under-recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in terms of revascularization or medical therapy for years suggesting that efforts to close the gender gap are necessary.

Tren Etika dan Pendidikan Islam Komparatif Dilihat dari Negara Komunis

In this chapter, I have tried to highlight some aspects of the two perspectives. The first is the perspective of the researcher who recalls his past as a student in a communist country, interpreting his life experiences given his impact on his education and teaching profession. The second perspective is that of the researcher who looks to the future, initially lacking in resources but willing to connect with global research in his area of interest, educational ethics. International studies that support and inspire our research in the domain of educational ethics include philosophical works, the study of moral psychology, and resources from sociology and organizational psychology as well as from pedagogy. Regarding expected trends in comparative and international education, I have grouped them into three categories: (1) Trends related to research themes in comparative education: many of the main themes of education have been filtered or will be filtered through a comparative lens (educational history, philosophy- educational physics, curriculum and didactics, sociology of education, politics and economics of education and educational psychology); (2) Methodological trends in quantitative and qualitative methodologies together will support the research process in comparative education; and (3) Trends regarding the impact of research in comparative pedagogy: Global Models of will Inspire Local Initiatives without Copiable Beings.

A Systematic Review of Research on Online Learner Collaboration from 2012–21: Collaboration Technologies, Design, Facilitation, and Outcomes

Online Learner Collaboration (OLC) supports the development of knowledge and skills through social construction. In this systematic review of research spanning a decade, authors examined 63 articles for publication patterns, participant and context trends, and research methodology trends using an online learner collaboration framework consisting of the following elements: collaborative technologies, design, facilitation, and outcomes. The higher education context and education discipline had the most research conducted on OLC among the studies reviewed. All three research methods (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) were used equally in the articles. The most commonly used technologies for OLC were learning management systems (LMS), discussion boards, writing tools, and synchronous tools. The most commonly used collaborative methods were group projects and discussions. The most common grouping size was small groups, and groups were commonly formed through random assignment, based on criteria, or student-formed. Instructors mostly assumed roles as designers, facilitators, supporters, and evaluators during OLC. Increased learning, communication and collaboration skills, and relationship building were the top three opportunities that OLC offered. Time, technical issues, and anxiety/fear/stress were challenges that appeared most frequently. Most of the research on OLC focused on cognitive and affective outcomes. The review has implications for online instructors and instructional designers who design and facilitate collaborative online courses.

Studies on Robotic Coding Education in Science Education: A Systematic Literature Review

This study aims to examine the methodological trends and findings in studies on robotic coding in science education published between 2015-2022 comprehensively and holistically. For this purpose, the articles related to the subject were systematically reviewed. In addition, web of Science and SCOPUS databases were scanned for keywords related to robotic coding, and 15 studies on robotic coding with full-text access were included in the analysis. The researchers prepared a data collection form to analyze the publications included in the research within the framework of the determined categories. Regarding the results of the review of robotic coding studies in science education, they mainly focus on cognitive skills, followed by applied studies in robotic coding teaching. The suggestions for future robotic coding studies in science education mainly involve applications and further research. Regarding applications, there are more suggestions for the integration of robotic coding. In this context, it was recommended to carry out studies that examine various 21st-century skills, integrate different disciplines, use different equipment, address psychomotor skills, and focus on curriculum development.