Methodological Tendencies Research Articles

Sulking into Sex

Sometimes, people sulk when their partners refuse sex. For instance, they might angrily pout, initiate the silent treatment, or manifest some other form of conspicuous, blame-laden withdrawal. To avoid this sulking, those on the receiving end sometimes submit to sex that they do not want. Such sex seems wrongful, as does the sulking that induces it. But what explains this intuition? I offer a two-part answer, drawing from real stories. First, I argue that even attempting to sulk someone into sex often imposes wrongful blame. Second, I argue that succeeding at sulking someone into sex often renders that sex nonconsensual because coerced—a wrong that should be morally but not always criminally sanctioned. These conclusions extend to numerous other sexual and nonsexual pressures while avoiding the implication that all sexual pressures are consent-undermining. In this way, my arguments cut against the current literature on consent. More broadly, my arguments challenge the literature’s focus on overt sexual pressures—like threats of violence—as well as its methodological tendency towards abstraction. One major upshot is that we should attend more closely to subtle sexual pressures like sulking, especially within the distinctive dynamic of close relationships.

Studying digital disconnection: A mapping review of empirical contributions to disconnection studies

As digital connectivity continues to shape society, scholarly discourses have paid increasing attention to our desires to moderate our use of, or disconnection from, digital media. Digital disconnection is being studied from a plethora of different perspectives, all of which grapple with the challenge of understanding and studying how digital media users navigate pressures to disconnect and remain connected at the same time. We contribute to the growing literature on digital disconnection by taking stock of empirical studies on the topic through a mapping review. Drawing on 138 peer-reviewed articles, we report the different kinds of disconnection behaviors studied, the users sampled, and the methods used. Our findings indicate that, while there are various calls for the greater incorporation of intersectional and socioeconomically diverse perspectives on disconnection studies, thus far these facets remain comparatively under-researched. We also find two key methodological tendencies, one toward one-time data generation via interviews and surveys, the other toward studies that rely on participants’ temporary disconnection.

A review of studies on digital competence in teaching English as a foreign language

This review aims to highlight how digital competence and English as a foreign language were addressed in research and how the integration of digital tools in the teaching and learning process was reflected in the pertinent research area. For that purpose, it examines the studies published in notable journals between 2017 and 2022. Criteria-based review approach was used to search the relevant articles. Following this approach, review of 24 articles was categorized under five main themes; a) article distribution into years, and according to the contexts, b) target groups as participants in the studies, c) focal points of the relevant research, d) methodological tendencies in the studies and e) implications drawn from studies. As a result of the analysis of the papers, the review suggests that digital competence needs being inspected from different perspectives relating it to psychological constraints. Further, longitudinal studies and action research can yield more fruitful results to understand the dimensions of teacher digital competence.

Badania jakościowe w glottodydaktyce. Analiza ilościowa badań prezentowanych na łamach „Neofilologa” (2012–2021)

The article is devoted to the application of qualitative research in glottodidactics. In the first part of the text I recall the features of qualitative orientation, and then I present recommendations for the use of some methods and techniques: observation (self-observation, learner diary), interviews (focus groups), questionnaires. Other methods – narrative research, didactic dialogue, duoethnography, etc. – are only mentioned at the end. In the second part, I present the qualitative projects that were published in the journal “Neofilolog” in 2012–2021. Several aspects are analyzed: research methods/techniques used, research groups, specific methodological tendencies, topics and issues of the research. In the conclusion, I answer two questions: what contexts are too rarely studied and what types of research are missing.

(Un)Earthing violence: Ecologies of remembering, forgetting and reckoning

ABSTRACT This article and the special issue it introduces contribute to existing debates on forgetting, remembering, and reckoning with past violence by bringing them up to date with violence's materially and spatially expansive workings that recent scholarship on sovereignty and ecology has highlighted. Thinking with scholars who have considered organized violence as the maker of ‘weathers', ‘atmospheres' and ‘ecologies', we engage critically with how the Earth in all its relationally constituted expansiveness has become central to remembering, forgetting and reckoning with violent histories. We conceptualize practices that evidence this centrality as ‘(un)earthing'. The concept has both empirical and methodological implications. It obliges us to reconsider longstanding methodological tendencies to privilege either the earthly (i.e., the secular, the positivist and the rational) or the unearthly (i.e., the spiritual, the supernatural and the irrational) over the other. We reconsider these tendencies critically by using the concept of (un)earthing to interweave empirical analyses of magic, haunting and ufology with those of farming, exhumation and burial. The special issue spans various contemporary contexts where practices of ‘(un)earthing’ address – whether directly or indirectly – the legacy of political (especially colonial and racial) violence, ranging from the United States, Colombia and Chile to South Africa, Turkey and Austria.

How does smartphone addiction affect the lives of adolescents socially and academically?: a systematic review study

ABSTRACT Today, adolescents tend to accept smartphones more quickly than adults and spend more time with these devices since they are members of the first generation born and living in environments where smartphones and the internet are common. However, when they use smartphones excessively and become addicted to smartphones, this may cause them to suffer from various psychological, emotional, and physical health problems from an early age. Therefore, this study systematically examines the articles on smartphone addiction in adolescents. For this purpose, the related articles were screened using the Web of Science database and 188 studies by the search criteria were subjected to a systematic review. In this sense, methodological tendencies, variables and main findings of the studies included in the present study were examined. This study revealed that the quantitative research method was primarily used. The studies mainly investigated smartphone use, social relations, demographic characteristics, depression, personal characteristics, and sleep variables. Moreover, the studies were primarily conducted in China, and large sample groups were preferred. The factors that triggered the smartphone addiction of adolescents were family problems, and especially females were more addicted to smartphones than males. Moreover, smartphone addiction causes depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and decreased academic achievement in adolescents. Finally, various suggestions were presented based on the findings of this study.

The Postgraduate Theses in ELT between 2019 and 2021: A Methodological Comparison

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the scientific research in educational sciences as almost all aspects of life since it broke out in China in late 2019. Research in English Language Teaching (ELT) has run across several problems, much like other science domains. Researchers may have encountered difficulties while trying to reach volunteers in their studies due to psychological or physiological complications. On the other hand, distance, or flexible face-to-face education in all the educational cycles may have led some researchers to spend more time conducting their studies. Considering these possible effects of the pandemic, the main purpose of this study is to explore ELT researchers’ methodological tendencies in their master’s theses and doctoral dissertations published pre (2019) and while (2020, 2021) pandemic in Türkiye. The sample consisted of 806 master’s theses and 128 doctoral dissertations. By using a grid and checklist, data was collected qualitatively by implementing the qualitative document analysis method. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics. Although the number of theses and dissertations decreased during the pandemic, the findings indicated that researchers conducted more in-depth analyses. The study has significance for further researchers in that the findings have shown that they may need to do their research planning in a more adaptable way and have alternative plans in case of similar unusual situations on a large or small scale, like the pandemic.

Contemporary Art and Sufi Aesthetics in European Contexts

This article examines the work of seven contemporary artists whose aesthetics exemplify the “lived” experience of Islamic mysticism or Sufism (Arabic tasawwuf) within a European context. The work of artists born in Islamic majority countries and familiar with “traditional” Sufi idioms and discourses, but now immersed in Western culture, is often associated with “diasporic art”. From this hybrid perspective some of their artistic narratives reconfigure or even subvert the “traditional” Sufi idioms, and do so in such a way as to provoke a more profound sensory experience in the viewer than traditional forms of art. Drawing upon recent methodological tendencies inspired by the “aesthetic turn”, this study explores post- and decolonial ways of thinking about Sufi-inspired artworks, and the development of a transcultural Sufi-inspired aesthetic within the context of migration and displacement over the last half-century.

Modelling Subjective Consciousness: A Guide for the Perplexed

This paper challenges the conventional methodological tendencies of current monistic treatments of subjective consciousness (SC). I argue that it is highly unlikely that any one position will 'solve' the SC problem, as monism supposes. Instead, I argue for treating theories of SC akin to scientific models, that (like models) theories only apply under certain empirical conditions, where each simply explains a necessary aspect of SC. Hence, a pluralistic, rather than monistic, approach is preferable to the literature as a whole. In lieu of conventional metaphysics, I advocate applying a form of scientific realism to models of SC, scientific perspectivism. As authors must rely on some intuitive and/or experiential description of what is problematic about SC, theories are better treated as models deriving from a plurality of interpretive perspectives.

Investigation of studies on pre-school coding education in Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde kodlama eğitimine ilişkin Türkiye’de yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların sistematik inceleme yöntemi ile incelenerek, konu ile ilgili araştırmaların yöntemsel eğilimlerinin, konularının, incelenen değişkenlerinin ve temel bulgularının ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, YÖK Tez Merkezi, TR Dizin ve Google Akademik veri tabanları üzerinde yapılan aramalar sonucunda belirlenen 30 çalışma (14 Tez, 14 Makale ve 2 Konferans Bildirisi), içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, okul öncesi dönemde kodlama eğitimine ilişkin Türkiye’de yapılan çalışma sayısında istenen düzeyde olmasa da son yıllarda artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda en çok nitel ve nicel araştırma desenlerinin kullanıldığı ve örneklem grubu olarak genellikle 5-6 yaş arasındaki okul öncesi öğrencilerinin seçildiği belirlenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların, çoğunlukla sınıf ortamında, kodlama derslerinde ve 8 ile 10 hafta arasında süren uygulamalarla gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmalarda kodlama eğitimi ile genellikle algoritma tasarımı, sıralama, döngü, komut ve koşul gibi kodlama sürecinin temel kavramlarının öğretildiği görülmüştür. Bunlara ek olarak, çalışmalarda en çok problem çözme becerisi değişkeninin araştırıldığı ve sıklıkla bilgisayarsız kodlama etkinliklerinin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, robotik kodlamada en çok Bee-Bot aracının, blok tabanlı kodlamada ise en çok code.org platformunun kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalar sonucunda, okul öncesi dönemde kodlama eğitiminin en sık belirtilen avantajının öğrencilere problem çözme becerisinin kazandırılması, en sık belirtilen zorluğunun ise döngü yapıları konusunun öğrencilerin anlamakta zorluk yaşamaları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak sistematik incelemeden elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Methodological Solutions in Studies on Transgender. Exploring the Terrain

The article provides an overview of the solutions used in the methodology of research on transgender. This was done based on a compilation of major foreign research on transgender and an analysis of the content of the EBSCO website. As a result, some changes have been observed over time. They concerned the scope of the amount of research related to the issue of transgender over time, preferences of data collection methods, research patterns and technologically advanced solutions. Possible factors determining the result of the review were discussed. The authors indicated the significance of the developing methodological tendencies in studies on transgenderism during several decades on education and, as a result, on general social awareness.

Dydaktyka polonistyczna online w czasach kwarantanny

In the paper I discuss the most important trends observed in teaching the Polish language in online TV lessons during the quarantine period. Polish lessons during the Covid-19 pandemic are an important source of knowledge about methodological and didactic trends in Polish schools. They enable the study of contemporary educational habits, as well as ways of their mediatization. Remote education engages teachers and students differently than classroom lessons. I am askingif it creates new didactic perspectives or if it turns out to be just a prosthesis of a traditionally functioning school. I make an analytical review of online Polish language lessons for secondary schools of April, May and June 2020. I note that during the pandemic, an attractive and functional approach to distance learning was not developed, but one methodological tendency was highlighted, namely presentismand providing information.

Józef M. Bocheński and the categorial reconstruction of concepts in the Lvov–Warsaw School

In this article, Józef M. Bocheński is presented as a representative of the methodological tendencies of the Lvov–Warsaw School (LWS). Special attention is given to the reconstructive analysis of concepts, the categorial trait of this procedure, and examples of its application by Bocheński. First, some historical and substantial arguments are presented for including Bocheński in the LWS. Secondly, the procedure of the reconstruction of concepts applied in the LWS is characterized. Then the attention turns to the categorial trait of the analysis as indicated by Bocheński. Finally, two examples of Bocheński’s categorial reconstruction of concepts are presented. The article ends with a recapitulation and general remarks.

An Analysis of Theses Written on Teaching English to Young Learners in Turkey

This review study examines all the master’s and doctoral theses completed on teaching English to young learners (TEYL) between the years 2014 and 2020 in Turkey. Eighty theses and dissertations indexed in the Turkish National Theses Database were included in the study. The tendencies in the theses in terms of sub-subjects covered, research designs applied, sampling methods used, research contexts targeted, and overall findings were identified and discussed. This paper provides an account of recent graduate research in TEYL to be a reference for researchers and supervisors in the field by presenting the results of a conceptual and descriptive analysis of the theses. Furthermore, by interpreting the tendencies in research methodology and over/under-studied areas in the field, the study reveals possible gaps and research opportunities in the field of TEYL.

The use of technology in a Technical English classroom

Teachers are experiencing important changes, whether they have already turned into reality or not, in the daily classroom work in most of our school centres due to the progressive establishment and incorporation of ICTS. These changes allow the development of new didactic materials of an electronic nature which use varied and different standings for their carrying into practice. These new standings of information generate a huge communicative innovation provoking as such new settings of collaborative learning process. With the scope of getting used to the needs of the present society of knowledge, the Spanish education system in all its areas of knowledge, specifically that of Technical English, and by extension the whole scholar network, must develop new ways of integrating the new information and communication technologies in its daily teaching practice. It is also advisable, at the same time, a change of mentality so as to face the traditional roles assumed by both teachers and students in these teaching practices. This is mainly reflected in the proper channels of communication as well as in the design of new methodologies and teaching practices. The aim of this article is to set the role of the modern FL teacher in a Technical English classroom when facing the massive use of ICTs in the teaching-learning process as well as all the resources at their disposal for their didactic exploitation. We will focus our attention in those specific cases of FL teachers and the wide range of resources which they can make use of. Henceforth, we will deepen in this article the need to get used to the new methodological tendencies and the possibilities that the use of ICTs allows us in our daily classroom practice. Therefore, we will enumerate some practical methodological orientations so as to be able to face them in a serious, determined, organized, and structured way.

Methodological Tendencies of Graduate Theses in the Context of Children's Literature and Values Education

Apart from the factors such as a good education-training program, family and social environment, the literary works that encourage the individuals to think and provide that they sense and self-learn can be considered as an important tool in providing an effective values education and character development. Considering the necessity of providing values education effectively from an early age, the importance of children's books and therefore the importance of children's literature is understood. It is observed that the academic studies have increased especially after 2014 within the context of the children's literature and values education. It has been determined that a significant portion of the theses written in Turkey in the field of values education concentrates on topics connected to Turkish education and teaching. The aim of this research was to determine and evaluate the methodological quality and researcher tendencies of the studies conducted at the graduate level, which had a certain increase in quantity until 2020. In the research, 99 theses approved by YÖK until 2020 in the context of children's literature andvalues education were examined in terms of the tag, research model and value or value category variables, on which they were based, of the relevant theses. In the context of children's literature and values education, when the postgraduate theses prepared in the universities which conduct studies at the postgraduate level were examined, it was observed that studies were conducted on certain academic fields and branches of science. When the types of works that were the subject of the sampling were examined, it was observed that especially fictional and plot-oriented genres were examined in the context of values education, and it was observed that all the theses revealed very different value and value categories although they wereexamined within the framework of a certain printed document's value or value category determined in various ways.

How to Assess the Epistemic Wrongness of Sponsorship Bias? The Case of Manufactured Certainty.

Although the impact of so-called “sponsorship bias” has been the subject of increased attention in the philosophy of science, what exactly constitutes its epistemic wrongness is still debated. In this paper, I will argue that neither evidential accounts nor social–epistemological accounts can fully account for the epistemic wrongness of sponsorship bias, but there are good reasons to prefer social–epistemological to evidential accounts. I will defend this claim by examining how both accounts deal with a paradigm case from medical epistemology, recently discussed in a paper by Bennett Holman. I will argue that evidential accounts cannot adequately capture cases of sponsorship bias that involve the manufacturing of certainty because of their neutrality with respect to the role of non-epistemic values in scientific practice. If my argument holds, it further highlights the importance of integrating social and ethical concerns into epistemological analysis, especially in applied contexts. One can only properly grasp sponsorship bias as an epistemological problem if one resists the methodological tendency to analyze social, ethical, and epistemological issues in isolation from each other.

Investigation of the Studies on the Use of Scratch Software in Education

The aim of this study is to classify the methodological tendencies and outputs of the studies conducted on the use of Scratch software in education with their main lines and to examine them in a comprehensive and holistic way. A literature review was conducted based on different databases in line with the purpose of the study and we accessed 76 different studies within this scope. Document review steps were followed to explain the data obtained in the study and to access the necessary concepts and relations. Meta-thematic analyses were performed to complement the data obtained, and qualitative findings were obtained by referring to common codes and themes of qualitative studies. The results of the study indicate that the use of Scratch software in education was found to have positive effects on motivation, self-efficacy, attitude, higher-level thinking, and academic success. In addition, materializing software teaching by freeing it from its abstract and complex structure, enabling students to acquire 21st-century skills at an early age, encouraging students to trust themselves by boosting their interest and motivation can be defined as some of the positive aspects of the Scratch software. The limitations of the Scratch software were determined as being unsuitable for advanced coding, limited code structure, and difficulty in understanding the logic of some basic structures.

Contrasting characters of quick methods to measure respiratory rate in a clinical setting.

Many medical professionals unofficially use quick methods for saving time. However, the evidence of such assessments is limited. The main aim of this article is verifying the agreement of these methods. Overall, 106 out-patients were simultaneously evaluated with respect to the respiratory time measurement (RTM; 60 divided by the single respiratory time), 15seconds period quadruple respiratory rate (15secRR; 15seconds respiratory rate multiplied by 4), and 1-min respiratory rate (1minRR; gold standard respiratory rate). We assessed the correlation, Bland-Altman plot, kappa value, and normalized root mean square error of the quick methods for the respiratory rate, with 1minRR as the gold standard. The mean±SD of 1minRR, RTM, and 15secRR are 20.4±5.6, 19.1±5.7, and 21.4±6.5 breathes per minute, respectively. The correlation between RTM and 1minRR was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.79-0.90), while that between 15secRR and 1minRR was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.87). The kappa coefficients between RTM and 1minRR, between 15secRR and 1minRR, and between RTM and 15secRR were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41-0.72), 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43-0.74), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.20-0.53), respectively. The normalized root mean square error between RTM and 1minRR was 16.9% and that between 15secRR and 1minRR was 15.0%. The Bland Altman plot demonstrated that RTM and 15secRR showed contrasting characteristics. Compared to the gold standard, RTM tends to underestimate, while 15secRR tends to overestimate the respiratory rate. Therefore, health care professionals should be aware of this methodological tendency to assess vital signs properly.

2012-2017 Dönemi Akademik Başarı Araştırmalarının İçerik Analizi

This study aims to determine the descriptive properties and methodological tendencies in empirical studies focusing on academic achievement. Educational research studies taking academic achievement as the dependent variable were considered in this study. The articles published in SSCI indexed journals in the period between 2012 and 2017 were scanned through Web of Science database. The sample for the study was composed of 80 articles using experimental research method. Educational Technologies Publication Classification Form was used as the data collection tool in this study. The articles collected were put to content analysis. On examining the independent variables influencing academic achievement in the articles, it was found that experimental studies in the categories of use of materials, teaching approaches/strategies, learning environments, assessment types and teaching techniques predominated. It was found that such variables as critical thinking, problem solving and attitudes in addition to academic achievement were also used as the dependent variable in the studies analyzed. Besides, it was also found that the studies frequently used t-test, variance analysis (ANOVA/ANCOVA) as data analysis methods. It is thought that the results obtained will guide researchers intending to conduct studies on academic achievement.