Conceptual Methodology Research Articles

Common Elements Approaches to Implementation Research and Practice: Methods and Integration with Intervention Science

We propose that common elements approaches can advance implementation research and practice and facilitate pragmatic use of intervention and implementation evidence. Common elements are practices or processes frequently shared by interventions or implementations. Traditional common elements methodologies use synthesis, distillation, and statistics to describe and evaluate the merit of common ingredients in effective interventions. Recent developments include identifying and testing common configurations of elements, processes, and context variables across the literature of effective interventions and implementations. While common elements thinking has grown popular in intervention science, it has rarely been utilized in implementation science, and specifically, combined with the intervention literature. The goals of this conceptual methodology paper are to (1) provide an overview of the common elements concept and how it may advance implementation research and usability for practice, (2) give a step-by-step guide to systematic common elements reviews that synthesizes and distills the intervention and implementation literature together, and (3) offer recommendations for advancing element-level evidence in implementation science. A narrative review of the common elements literature was conducted with attention to applications to implementation research. A six-step guide to using an advanced common elements methodology was provided. Examples of potential results are presented, along with a review of the implications for implementation research and practice. Finally, we reviewed methodological limitations in current common elements approaches, and identified steps towards realizing their potential. Common elements methodologies can (a) synthesize and distill the implementation science literature into practical applications, (b) generate evidence-informed hypotheses about key elements and determinants in implementation and intervention processes and mechanisms, and (c) promote evidence-informed precision tailoring of intervention and implementation to context. To realize this potential, common elements approaches need improved reporting of details from both successful and unsuccessful intervention and implementation research, more data availability, and more testing and investigation of causal processes and mechanisms of change from diverse theories.

Differences in the Perception Regarding Inclusion Preparation among Teachers at Different Educational Stages

Inclusive education is fundamental, consisting of enabling all students, irrespective of their characteristics, to receive appropriate education and actively participate in school life. Teachers play an important role in this regard; thus, this study aims to analyze teachers' perceptions regarding their preparation for inclusion by assessing possible differences depending on the educational stage (early childhood, primary, or secondary education). A total of 1098 Spanish teachers, from Extremadura, responded to three dichotomic answers about their inclusive education preparation perception and the Evaluation of Teachers' Inclusion Readiness (CEFI-R) questionnaire, a 19-item tool composed of four dimensions: (1) conception of diversity, (2) methodology, (3) support, and (4) community participation. Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess differences between the dichotomous questions and educational stage; Kruskal-Wallis was used to determine whether the educational stage conditioned the CEFI-R dimensions responses, and the Spearman rho was used to test the association between age groups and the CEFI-R dimensions. Statistical differences were found between secondary education and preschool education and primary education teachers in the dimensions (1) conception of diversity, (2) methodology, and (3) support. Significant differences in dimension (4) community participation between preschool education teachers and secondary and primary education teachers were found.

The landscape of “quality circles for education” – a structured analysis

PurposeQuality circles (QCir) method is one tool of favorable effects on organisational change. However, usage of the QCir method for the development of education is still a perplexing, scattered and scarcely attended domain. This paper aims at defining boundaries of categories of topics that could be considered relevant discussions to this domain.Design/methodology/approachWith the basis of Soft Systems Methodology theory and concept development research method, this paper structured a taxonomy of categories of topics. Additionally, this paper afterwards performed a structured analysis, based on the taxonomy, of the total literature relevant to the “quality circles for education” domain.FindingsThe results revealed that this line of interest, although limitedly researched, is still alive today, and not dead as was claimed in some studies. However, the core and amount of empirical evidence is yet insufficient for the necessary progress of knowledge of this domain due to the type of research methods used most of the time. Also, fortunately, because of the tabulated structure, the analysis clearly showed the niche topics under this area that are ripe ground for new research. Furthermore, this paper has shed light on another possible future line of research that plugs this domain into a set of synonym circles used in the pedagogy realm.Originality/valueThis paper introduced land marks and border for a subject that was left limitedly visited and scattered for some time, although it was positively praised in several studies. This paper developed a taxonomy as well as drawn the landscape of the subject via performing a comprehensive structured analysis of the relevant literature.

“Both Your Sexes”: A Non-Binary Approach to Gender History, Trans Studies and the Making of the Self in Modern Britain

Abstract Using the life-writing of historian and playwright Muriel St. Clare Byrne (1895-1983), this article develops the concept of a non-binary historical methodology. It argues that historians should take gender as a historically contingent category to allow alternative logics of embodiment, selfhood, desire, and relationality to be more clearly seen. Drawing on trans studies, the article situates Byrne within contemporary conversations about universal bi-sexuality within sexology and psychoanalysis. Her rewriting of the psychosexual model in her memoir, which underwrote a claim to ‘both her sexes’, represents one of the paths foreclosed by the mid-century turn to the gender/sex/sexuality model.

Analysis of the effectiveness measures provided in small river valleys in terms of geo-ecological revitalisation of landscape features

In the article are considered various classifications of watercourses (according to the degree of technogenic transformation, length and area of the catchment basin), which are objects that are part of various specially protected natural territories within urban areas. The qualitative differences between the concepts of "rehabilitation" and "recovery" are determined. The choice of natural territories (the valleys of the Chermyanka River and the Gorodnya River and adjacent territories) used in the study is justified. The geoecological condition was assessed (climatic, hydrographic, geological, hydrogeological conditions of territories, landscape and geomorphological features of objects, the existing state of soil cover, surface waters and bottom sediments were considered,engineering-geological and geoecological processes and phenomena were identified) of the sections of the small rivers Chermyanka and Gorodnya on the territory of natural parks of the city of Moscow, as well as an analysis of the quality of existing measures for the ecological rehabilitation of the section of the Gorodnya River valley complex from Borisovskaya Dam to Lublinskaya Street, which were carried out more than 15 years ago. The authors have identified a certain number of problems related to the functioning of natural complexes of small rivers and their degradation due to negative natural processes that do not depend on human activity (waterlogging, silting), associated with the consequences of human stay near rivers (pollution of water bodies and territories) and not quite correctly applied methods of ecological rehabilitation of territories, as well as inherited degraded state of the natural complex. The authors provide recommendations for improving the effectiveness of measures to ensure a satisfactory geoecological condition of small rivers and developed a unified methodological concept of geoecological rehabilitation of natural territories within urbanized territories.

A Methodological Alternative for Non-normative Sonata Works: Based on a Sonata Analysis of Liszt’s Sonata in B Minor

음악 이론 분야에서 제안된 소나타 형식의 분석 방법론들은 대부분 고전 시대 소나타를 모델로 하여 고안되어 왔는데, 이는 소나타 장르가 최고의 정점에 이르고 그 전형적인 모습이 확립되었던 것이 18세기에 이루어진 것을 고려하면 당연한 결과라 할 수 있다. 그러나 중·후기 낭만시대에 이르며 고전적 전통 화성 구문론이 확장되는 현상과 맞물려 소나타 형식의 모습에서도 고전 소나타의 전형을 의도적으로 회피하는 움직임을 발견할 수 있다. 그 결과 기존의 소나타 형식의 분석 방법론만으로는 19세기에 나타난 비전형적인 소나타 형식을 분석하는데 한계가 있으며, 따라서 본 논문은 이와 같은 비전형성에 대한 구체적인 분석과 적절한 구조를 탐구하기 위해 추가적인 분석 체계가 필요함을 주장하는 바이다. 본 논문이 제시하는 분석 체계는 마이어(Leonard Meyer)의 2차적 매개 변수(secondary parameter)로, 상대적이고 통계적인 음악적 요소들의 변화를 추적함으로써 비전형적인 소나타 형식의 모호한 구조를 구체화 할 수 있음을 제안한다(1989). 2차적 매개변수를 통한 비전형적인 소나타 분석의 실례로 본 논문이 채택한 소나타 작품은 리스트의 《B단조 소나타》(Sonata in B Minor, 1853)이다. 리스트의 《B단조 소나타》는 19세기 중반 이후의 소나타 중에서도 압도적인 길이와 의도적으로 종결을 회피하는 화성진행의 혁신이 두드러지게 나타나는 곡이다. 《B단조 소나타》의 비전형성을 드러내기 위한 분석 방법론으로 헤포코스키(James Hepokoski)와 달시(Warren Darcy)의 소나타 이론을 적용하는 1단계 분석, 그리고 비전형성으로 인한 모호한 경계를 밝혀내기 위해 2차적 매개 변수가 적용된 2단계 분석의 과정이 진행된다.Most of the analytical methodologies for sonata form are basically designed for the sonata works in the Classical period, since the sonata form had been established in the late-eighteenth century. However, composers in the nineteenth century started to go beyond traditional tonal syntax and structure, thereby avoiding norms of the Classical sonata form deliberately. Consequently, analytical methodologies widely accepted for sonata forms are insufficient for non-normative sonata works, and an additional methodological concept is necessary for those works. This paper suggests Leonard Meyer’s concept, secondary parameters, as an additional analytical criterion. According to him, the secondary parameters are statistical, involving articulation, tempo, texture, virtuosity, and dynamics (Meyer 1989, 209). This paper argues indecisive sonata’s boundary will be evident by tracing changes in the secondary parameters in sonata works. I chose Liszt’s Sonata in B minor as a representative example of the non-normative sonata form because the sonata has continuously drawn scholarly attention in terms of disputable formal structures. A two-step analysis will be utilized to determine more convincing structural boundaries for Liszt's sonata: the first step applies Hepokoski's and Darcy's sonata theory and the conventional features of the sonata structure to the analysis, and the second step examines whether there are apparent changes of the secondary parameters for the potential boundaries.

The Impact of Stock Market on Indian Economy

Abstract: The Third Largest within the world of Indian Economy in terms of buying power. it's going to touch new heights in coming back years. The Global investment Bank , by once North American country and China 2035 India would third largest economy of the globe. it'll grow to hour of size of the North American country economy. This booming economy of nowadays must pass through several phases before it will bring home the bacon the current milestone of Sept. 11 gross domestic product. Movements within the stock exchange will have a profound economic impact on the economy and individual shoppers. A collapse in share costs has the potential to cause widespread economic disruption. This paper deal s with stock market play very important role growth of Indian Economy and additionally the Impact stock exchange on Indian Economy by approach of Conceptual Methodology exploitation to the Journals of Indian stock exchange.

«МАНАСТЫ» ИЛИМИЙ ИЗИЛДӨӨНҮН ФИЛОСОФИЯЛЫК- МЕТОДОЛОГИЯЛЫК ТҮПТҮҮ МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ

The article analyzes the philosophical and methodological problems of studying the epic "Manas". The study of the epic within the framework of the materialist-Marxist methodological paradigm has made a certain contribution, but in the current conditions, the need to study such cultural phenomena in the context of new philosophical and methodological paradigms and concepts is becoming increasingly obvious. In addition to the relevance of the research problem, the article raises such questions as - is the epic "Manas" a work of art or contains a partial historical truth? What are the reasons for the creation of "Manas" as a heroic epic poem? Within the framework of another philosophical and methodological paradigm. The speech form, style, structure of the text of "Manas", the meaning of words, in general, linguistic features were formed on a historical basis, over a very long period of time. Modern postmodernism as a phenomenon in culture and literature in many of its features in style, comprehension, description of space-time, in the structure of text form, etc., has similarities with folklore, the Manas epic.

Квантово-холістичні категорії соціальних комунікацій

Today, among specialists in social communications there is a lack of knowledge about the quantum-holistic categories of social communications, both the process of social and the process of social activity. The aim of our study was to identify and describe quantum-holistic categories of social communication processes. Through our study, we have chosen a transformed methodology of holism, which argues that the integrity of the world is a consequence of creative evolution. Such evolution is guided by the intangible and unknowable «integrity factor» (in Jan Smuts's terminology). The transformation of the ideas of holism is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, which we have adapted to the social sciences. We also used in the study methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and the method of classification. The research methodology determined the differentiation of quantum-holistic categories of social communications into social and public; identification of three mandatory elements of the philosophy of knowledge of any subject of discussion, namely: identification, content, and functionality; analysis of known and little-known concepts of classification of philosophical categories in order to identify features that are consistent with our methodological conceptual concept of quantum-holistic categories of social communication processes; on the basis of the carried out analysis of isolation and nomination of ontological (metaphysical) and epistemological (epistemological) descriptive categories of processes o f social communications. In conclusion, the author argues that the identification of quantum-holistic categories of social communication processes should be carried out both from a social and social point of view. The author proposes to consider as descriptive quantum-holistic categories of social communication processes «quantum (portion of energy)», «Whole», «Information», «living / inanimate», «action / peace», «society / non-society». Keywords: social communications, philosophy of communication, categories, quantum, holism.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze Teacher Training in Inclusive Education in the Area of Physical Education: The CEFI-R Questionnaire.

Inclusive education is a right that has captured the attention of public institutions, researchers, and teaching professionals around the world. The beliefs and perceptions of teachers are a fundamental axis in knowing the state of these professionals regarding this ethical principle, allowing them to develop and implement different strategies. This study aims to explore the reliability and factor structure of the Evaluation of Teachers' Preparation for Inclusion (CEFI-R) questionnaire among physical education teachers. The sample consisted of 789 Spanish in-service teachers who completed the questionnaire to assess their readiness for inclusion in this subject. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability testing were carried out. A factor structure with four dimensions (conception of diversity, methodology, support, and community participation) was obtained. These dimensions consisted of 17 items with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values. In addition, a high reliability was obtained (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.71-0.93). Therefore, the CEFI-R could be considered a valid and reliable tool to analyze physical education teachers' perceptions of their preparedness for inclusive education.

Piloting an advanced methodology to analyse health care policy networks: The example of Belgrade, Serbia

Aim: Political decisions usually emerge from the competing interests of politicians, voters, and special interest groups. We investigated the applicability of an advanced methodological concept to determine whether certain institutional positions in a cooperating network have influence on the decision-making procedures. To that end, we made use of the institutional network of relevant health care and health governance institutions, concentrated in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods: We used a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on a combination of measures for centrality in order to evaluate the positions of 25 players in Belgrade‟s institutional network. Their directed links were determined by a simulated position approach employing the authors‟ long-term involvement. Software packages used consisted of Visone 2.9, UCINET 6, and KeyPlayer 1.44. Results: In our analysis, the network density score in Belgrade was 71%. The PCA revealed two dimensions: control and attractiveness. The Ministry of Health exerted the highest level of control but displayed a low attractiveness in terms of receiving links from important players. The National Health Insurance Fund had less control capacity but a high attractiveness. The National Institute of Public Health‟s position was characterized by a low control capacity and high attractiveness, whereas the National Drug Agency, the National Health Council, and Non-Governmental Organisations were no prominent players. Conclusions: The advanced methodologies used here to analyse the health care policy network in Belgrade provided consistent results indicating that the intended decentralization of the health care network in Belgrade may be incomplete, still with low participation of civil society representatives. With the present study we set the stage for a broad-range survey based data collection applying the methodology piloted in Belgrade.

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”

Culture in the optics of modern science

The article is devoted to the presentation of the ideas of the information-semiotic theory of culture and the outline of the conceptual and methodological prerequisites and contextual conditions for its emergence. The key idea of the theory is that culture is a form of human existence, an expression of the features and facets of its existence. And the unique feature of a person, his being lies in the ability to create and use various forms and types of information in increasing volumes and at an increasing speed — in the ability for effective information creativity, which should be taken into account and reflected in any theory of culture. It is emphasized that the emergence of the information-semiotic theory of culture is also a consequence of the developing processes of reorientation of social and humanitarian knowledge to the ideas and principles of the information approach, which is especially important for cultural science, which is associated with almost the entire spectrum of human sciences. The ideas of the presented theory expand the ideas not only about the essence, but also about the mechanisms of development and functioning of culture, and on the basis of these ideas, new principles and criteria for the typology of culture, a new interpretation of the category “cultural form” and the resulting (interpretation) typology have been developand proposed. cultural forms, which creates the preconditions for the theoretical and methodological arsenal of cultural studies to reach a qualitatively new level. This theory also provides a combination in the methodology of cultural science of a synergetic approach in the cognition of culture with an informational approach, including by equipping the interdisciplinary plan with analytical categories — frame, hierarchy, instability, nonlinearity, order parameter, reference, emergence. And as the most important feature of the presented theory, the unification and synthesis within its framework of the existing theoretical and methodological concepts and approaches in cultural studies (systemic, activity, synergetic) is noted, since culture in this theory is thought and interpreted not only as a form of human existence based on activity as such, and on information activities and information processes, in particular, which are characterized by complex multi-level systemicity, instability, spontaneity, systemic synergistic patterns, thus bringing the process of learning culture to a post-classical paradigm new level.

A conceptual methodology to screen and adopt circular business models in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs): A case study on child safety seats as a product service system

While small and medium enterprises are already aware of the increasing benefits of resource efficiency, reducing waste, and closing material loops, the adoption of circular economy principles in small and medium enterprises is still nascent. Despite a large body of academic literature providing numerous definitions and business models to elucidate circular economy, these approaches lack systemic research from a small and medium enterprise's perspective and are often vague and overwhelming. Furthermore, small and medium enterprises lack financial and organizational resources to implement a (systemic) change to their already optimized business models. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by presenting a conceptual approach that not only serves as a decision-making tool and a possible starting point towards circular value creation, but also provides an initial estimation on how well forms of circularity can be achieved within the adapted business models. The developed methodology was applied to a complex product within the plastics sector. Starting with the product-disassembly-workshop, an in-depth analysis to identify various circular concepts was then conducted, using design thinking tools. The results are presented and summarized in the form of a decision tree analysis. Using a contradiction matrix and environment mapping tool, it was then attempted to narrow down the circular solution spectrum to a manageable level. To conclude, a cross impact balance analysis was applied to validate the identified business model scenarios. The presented methodology aims to show small and medium enterprises how to generate business model innovations systematically, narrow down the solution space in a structured manner, and how to evaluate the resultant solution options against each other and weigh their trade-offs. The tools and techniques used were chosen in such a way that they can be applied with as few resources and complexity as possible, and therefore can serve as a guidance for small and medium enterprises in their transition towards circular value creation.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ АРХИТЕКТУРНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМНОГО ПОДХОДА

The article deals with the systemic substantiation of architectural objects' (buildings, constructions and their complexes, including those in the sphere of urban development and regional planning) functional structure as integral systems. It is demonstrated that implementing the relevant objectives of modernizing the existing buildings and constructions, erecting the new ones and developing architectural and urban-planning systems is possible only in conditions of using advanced digital technologies, which is closely connected to developing mathematical models, describing architectural objects from the perspective of system approach and general system principles. Much attention in the paper is given to the discussion of a new methodological concept, based on the principles of general systems theory and dealing with the research and design of architectural systems of the «population ↔ environment» type – demoecosystems (integral architectural systems). Based on this concept the definition and substantiation of any architectural object's functional structure can be given, revealing its system essence and structure. The similarity (isomorphism) of the whole and parts of architectural objects' elements and subsystems at all hierarchy levels allows considering the functional structure of an architectural object of any complexity with account of organizing the processes of four types of population's life activity. It is applicable to architectural objects from their elementary levels – room and building, and to the level of cities and populated areas.

Transactive energy system: Concept, configuration, and mechanism

Transactive energy systems (TESs) combine both economical and control mechanisms, and have become promising solutions to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) in modern power systems. This article will introduce the basic concept of a TES, including its definition, process, time scale, and benefits. The configuration of the TES is then described in detail from the perspectives of the physical system, information system, transaction system, and regulatory system. The transaction mechanism allows participants (e.g., customer, generator, transmission operator, marketer, etc.) to conduct various transactions with any other party to the extent that regulatory policy permits. Transactive control is regarded as one of the most advanced approaches to realize the full response potential of flexible devices and respect the end user’s privacy, preference, and free will. Finally, some challenges to the development of TESs that arise from the limitations of current equipment level and methodological concepts will be discussed. In summary, TESs provide a more efficient, fair, and transparent environment for participants to promote DERs utilization, improve market efficiency, and increase economic benefits.

Morphological and Tissue Characterization with 3D Reconstruction of a 350-Year-Old Austrian Ardea purpurea Glacier Mummy.

Glaciers are dwindling archives, releasing animal mummies preserved in the ice for centuries due to climate changes. As preservation varies, residual soft tissues may differently expand the biological information content of such mummies. DNA studies have proven the possibility of extracting and analyzing DNA preserved in skeletal residuals and sediments for hundreds or thousands of years. Paleoradiology is the method of choice as a non-destructive tool for analyzing mummies, including micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Together with radiocarbon dating, histo-anatomical analyses, and DNA sequencing, these techniques were employed to identify a 350-year-old Austrian Ardea purpurea glacier mummy from the Ötztal Alps. Combining these techniques proved to be a robust methodological concept for collecting inaccessible information regarding the structural organization of the mummy. The variety of methodological approaches resulted in a distinct picture of the morphological patterns of the glacier animal mummy. The BLAST search in GenBank resulted in a 100% and 98.7% match in the cytb gene sequence with two entries of the species Purple heron (Ardea purpurea; Accession number KJ941160.1 and KJ190948.1) and a 98% match with the same species for the 16 s sequence (KJ190948.1), which was confirmed by the anatomic characteristics deduced from micro-CT and MRI.

Allowing for Ambiguity in the Social Sciences

This paper gives a micro-sociological view on the methodology used by Else Frenkel-Brunswik in the famous study The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno et al. 1950). A thorough reconstruction of the theoretical and methodological concepts of Else Frenkel-Brunswik eventually allows for a full appreciation of her works from a today’s social research perspective, especially of her role in the field of authoritarianism-research. The paper deals with (i) Else Frenkel-Brunswik’s role in the research team of The Authoritarian Personality, (ii) the way she followed up on her earlier work, (iii) the question of in which ways her parts of the study were object of criticism by the numerous critics of TAP, and (iv) the ways she herself responded to these critics. The material basis for such an approach is the archival material available in the “Archive for the History of Sociology in Austria (AGSO)” in Graz, Austria, which holds parts of the estate of Else Frenkel-Brunswik, most of all her correspondence and unpublished typoscripts of later publications, as well as at the Institute for Jewish Research (YIVO) in New York, which holds the papers of the American Jewish Committee, i.e., draft reports, memoranda, and some interview protocols of the TAP study.

Gender change in sport through the lens of law

This report aims to analyse gender change and legal cases related to participation in sports, sports ethics, sports legal relations, regulation and others. In order to solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology is applied: a legal method oriented to the practice of law enforcement, a sociological - axiological method, a comparative analysis between methodological concepts, the judicial practice in Bulgaria and the EU. The analysis interprets decisions of the courts in Bulgaria, the EU and the IOC, as well as psychological and normative aspects related to gender change. European gender reassignment practice, as well as the conditions for legal gender reassignment, are also reviewed. Conclusion: legal gender change does not disturb the balance between personal and public relations, including civil law turnover, but this possibility introduces ambiguity, unpredictability and instability in sports legal relations.

МОДЕЛИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПИТАЛА

The article considers the key theoretical and methodological concepts and applied approaches to the conceptual essence of intellectual capital, the conditions of its formation and reproduction. It is noted that at present the concepts of formation and reproduction of intellectual capital are actively being formed, which is due to the trends of innovative development and the factors of the knowledge economy formation. In scientific practice, a single universal approach to the nature of such a phenomenon, its structure and forms of its functioning has not yet been developed. The author highlights that despite the variety of structural designs and approaches to the definition of the concept of “intellectual capital” and the variability of models of its formation and reproduction, there are common trends, factors and processes in forming and using the intellectual capital. It allowed to detail and clarify the features and content of those processes, to reveal their algorithms and essential characteristics. The main models of intellectual capital are considered, as well as the conceptual model of intellectual capital research, which includes goal-oriented and market approaches, is substantiated.