ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ АРХИТЕКТУРНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМНОГО ПОДХОДА

Abstract

The article deals with the systemic substantiation of architectural objects' (buildings, constructions and their complexes, including those in the sphere of urban development and regional planning) functional structure as integral systems. It is demonstrated that implementing the relevant objectives of modernizing the existing buildings and constructions, erecting the new ones and developing architectural and urban-planning systems is possible only in conditions of using advanced digital technologies, which is closely connected to developing mathematical models, describing architectural objects from the perspective of system approach and general system principles. Much attention in the paper is given to the discussion of a new methodological concept, based on the principles of general systems theory and dealing with the research and design of architectural systems of the «population ↔ environment» type – demoecosystems (integral architectural systems). Based on this concept the definition and substantiation of any architectural object's functional structure can be given, revealing its system essence and structure. The similarity (isomorphism) of the whole and parts of architectural objects' elements and subsystems at all hierarchy levels allows considering the functional structure of an architectural object of any complexity with account of organizing the processes of four types of population's life activity. It is applicable to architectural objects from their elementary levels – room and building, and to the level of cities and populated areas.