Reflection Method Research Articles

Developing and Testing a Reflection Method for Implementation of a Professional Reporting Guideline in Community Nursing: Design-Based Research.

To develop a reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants to support the implementation of a professional reporting guideline for nurses and certified nursing assistants in daily care and to identify its key features. Design-based research. This study was conducted in the Netherlands from February 2021 to April 2022. The reflection method was developed by a design group (community nurses, certified nursing assistants and a patient representative) and four test groups of nurses. Experiences of participants were explored with video recordings and observational notes from test group meetings. The data were thematically analysed to refine the reflection method and identify key features. A final reflection method was developed. We identified three main themes: (1) Impact on behaviour change, (2) group learning and (3) conditional factors for critical reflection. Seven key features emerged as essential, forming the building blocks of the reflection method: focus on critical reflection, allocate time to formulate themes, include participants from various backgrounds and organisations, ensure the group is appropriately sized, allow for sufficient time, keep it simple and attractive and stimulate the group to make the transfer of learning to their clinical practice. The final method included two 2 h meetings with up to six participants and a coach. Participants learned from critical reflection and feedback to improve the reporting quality and critical assessment of daily practices, especially from colleagues with varying team affiliations and educational backgrounds. This reflection method enables community nurses and certified nursing assistants to learn collaboratively, aligning with the 'Nursing and Caring Reporting' guideline and bridging the gap between research and clinical practice. The COREQ guideline was used. The study design facilitated close collaboration among researchers, community nurses, certified nursing assistants and clients.

Reflection Method for Solving the Electrostatic and Thermal Conductivity Problems in Plane-Layered Media Consisting of Two Films

Reflection Method for Solving the Electrostatic and Thermal Conductivity Problems in Plane-Layered Media Consisting of Two Films

Reimagining theological education: online theological education in the Hong Kong diaspora

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates how theological education can be transformed through the systematic integration of structured theological reflection methods derived from spiritual direction practices. Drawing on Gerhardt’s concept of theonomy and Lynch’s theological reflection framework, it examines how the current crisis in theological education requires not merely programmatic changes but a fundamental reconceptualisation of theological knowledge transmission. Through analysing the Life Seeks Understanding platform’s work with Hong Kong Christians in diaspora, this study demonstrates how structured theological reflection methods create learning spaces that effectively bridge academic theology and contemporary spiritual formation. The platform’s implementation of Gerhardt’s theonomous approach, combined with Lynch’s structured reflection methods, provides evidence for how theological education can maintain intellectual rigour whilst addressing post-secular spiritual needs. Through innovative online courses and culturally sensitive pedagogical approaches, the platform exemplifies how theological education can be made accessible and relevant whilst preserving traditional wisdom. This article contributes to practical theology by demonstrating how experimental approaches to theological reflection can revitalise theological education, particularly for diaspora communities navigating complex cultural and spiritual identities.

Exploring early career academic teacher identities: using the audio diary method for reflection and research

ABSTRACT Little is known about what may help early career academics reflect on everyday pedagogical interactions to develop an academic identity with a deep care for teaching. This study explored the use of the audio diary method, a promising tool that can transform the way we support pedagogical reflections among early career academics at a research-intensive university as well as generate data on university teacher identity formation. Our research involved six early career academics who maintained an audio diary over two months and participated in a two-hour focus group interview. Through a narrative approach and meaning condensation of the qualitative data, we discovered that narrating pedagogical interactions via an audio diary can enhance early career academics’ pedagogical reflections and contribute to their teacher identity formation. We found that the audio diary method, when used in conjunction with other tools, holds immense potential as a research method and a pedagogical reflection tool.

A Deep Dive into Black Hole Spin Measurement Using Continuum Fitting

This paper explores the continuum fitting method for estimating the spin of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries. By fitting the thermal emission created by the accretion disk to theoretical models, this method provides a precise and accessible way to estimate the spin of black holes. Key developments, including the use of KERRBB and SIMPL models, improve accuracy by accounting for disk structure and Compton scattering effects. This paper reviews recent applications of this technique and compare it to the X-ray reflection method, noting that continuum fitting is highly accurate for black holes with strong thermal emission. This paper also gives the new spin measurement of some black hole, especially the Cygnus X-1, that has the spin a_*>0.976, but also use it to prove that the continuum fitting method which relies heavily on knowing the black holes three parameters. Finally, this paper discusses both the advantages and challenges of this method, with an expectation of future improvements in modeling and observations that can expand its use.

Non-Linear Increase of the Real Contact Area of PMMA Blocks and the Related Contact Model

Many experiments have supported the contact models, such as the GW and MB models, but the majority of previous validations have been performed under light loads, resulting in a linear relationship between normal force and contact area. However, the real contact area fraction should never equal one; there must be a limit smaller than the apparent area, implying that the real contact area cannot increase linearly indefinitely. In this paper, the real contact area between two polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks under heavy load is measured using the total reflection method, and the contact area is analyzed using the image processing method. The results show that the real contact area increases with normal load linearly in light loads but non-linearly in heavy loads; the number of contact spots increases with load linearly in light loads but also non-linearly in heavy loads, synchronous with the change in the real contact area. The GW, MB, and Zhao, Maietta, and Chang (ZMC) models were used to predict the experiment results, but none of them predicted the non-linear stage. A revised GW model based on the bulk deformation hypothesis performs better in predicting the non-linear stage. The study’s findings can be applied to PMMA or other similar materials, and they can serve as a useful reference for future research on the contact mechanisms of other materials.

An Echo Pressure Model Based on Mutil‐Gaussian Beam Theory for Measuring the Liquid Level in Special Field

ABSTRACTIn aviation, petroleum and chemical industries and other special areas of production, since the liquid in containers mostly are flammable, explosive, volatile, and corrosive mixtures, the accurate measurement of the liquid level is essential to the real‐time control and production process. In this study, an approximation algorithm based on echo pressure model for measuring the liquid level in special field is proposed in this paper. According to the model, a complete lateral incident ultrasonic measurement system is constructed for the inductive liquid level detection technology in special applications, an algorithm model of the echo pressure is established, which provides the determination of the liquid level relying on the characteristic curve of the echo pressure. The model in this study converts complex interaction problems of sound fields into the echo pressure calculation, which quickly determines performance parameters of sound fields, and a virtual reflection method is used to calculate the sound pressure of the receiving transducer in different states, which reduces computational complexity, finally, through the simulation and experiment, the algorithm is validated. The results are consistent with expectations, and the algorithm can be further applied in practice.

Standing at the crossroads: Child safeguarding and Deaf BSL parents (in England)—Issues and challenges in social work

Abstract Focussing on Deaf parents using British Sign Language (BSL) in England, this article shares perspectives of Child and Family social work practitioners (CFSWs) across a large urban area, through the lens of cultural competence. In an under-researched field, it explores linguistic and cultural aspects of working with Deaf parents, for whom English is not their first language, in the specific context of parenting assessments in child safeguarding procedures. Individual semi-structured online interviews were conducted by the researcher (in BSL) with seven CFSWs using English, involving a sign language interpreter. Participants were encouraged to reflect on the assessment process when it involves Deaf parents and/or other cultural-linguistic minority groups. Employing Braun and Clarke’s reflective thematic analysis method, the findings are grouped into three themes: CFSWs’ knowledge of working with Deaf people; cultural aspects relating to Deaf parents’ understanding of safeguarding/child protection proceedings; and meeting the communication and cultural needs of Deaf parents. The results identify several factors in current practice which impact CFSWs’ competence to carry out an assessment involving a Deaf BSL parent. Findings highlight the need for relevant training and resources developed specifically for this cultural minority group. Future research including the direct perspectives of Deaf parents is indicated.

Mosque Pedagogy in Belgium

The aim of this research is to contribute to the research field of Islamic pedagogies by providing empirical insights on the educational strategies used in two different educational settings: Diyanet mosques and mosque-based knowledge centers in Belgium. Previous research has mainly focused on ‘imported’, ‘cyber’, or ‘intellectual’ imams, but little attention has been paid to newly emerging local authorities which we can describe as ‘native’ imams, vaizes, and ‘preaching teachers’. Both authorities are born and raised in Belgium and tend to develop a contextualized pedagogical model to meet the needs of Muslims. The analysis is based on fieldwork notes, classroom observations, and social media research. The findings demonstrate that, although similar teaching strategies are implemented in both settings, they are performed differently. It also demonstrates that education takes place through two reflective pedagogical methods that we term as pedagogy of Muslim Identity and pedagogy of Commitment. In addition, the findings show clearly how both aspects are guided by notions such as rooting, authenticity, and community building.

Comparison of the effects of group and individual reflection methods on self-regulated learning strategies and learning motivation among emergency medical technicians: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundReflection is an essential educational practice often characterized as a self-regulated learning activity. Self-regulated learning has been shown to positively influence learning motivation and metacognition. This study aimed to compare the effect of group and individual reflection methods on self-regulation learning strategies and motivational components among emergency medical technicians.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 emergency medical technicians in South Khorasan province in 2023. Thirty pre-hospital emergency centers affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences were randomly assigned to three blocks (A, B, and C). Participants were then selected through convenience sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen participants working in pre-hospital emergency centers were selected from each block. The three blocks (A, B, and C) were randomly assigned into three arms: individual reflection, group reflection, and control. The individual reflection group members were asked to record their feelings and experiences using the Gibbs model in provided notebooks during four weeks (at the end of each week). The group reflection members, after forming groups and selecting leaders, engaged in the group reflection sessions in a designated room, following the Gibbs model for four weeks. The self-regulated learning strategies and learning motivation components of all participants were measured using standardized questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s post hoc test, and Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThe mean score of self-regulation learning strategies and learning motivation significantly increased in the group reflection arm after the intervention (p < 0.05). While the mean scores of motivational component and its individual components increased significantly in the individual reflection group after the intervention (p < 0.05), no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of self-regulation learning strategies and their components before and after the intervention (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this research highlight the superiority of group reflection method over individual reflection in promoting self-regulated learning. While both methods were effective in enhancing learning motivation, group reflection proved to be more beneficial. Therefore, it is recommended that Emergency Medical Services managers provide training programs that incorporate group reflection to enable technicians to benefit from its advantages in terms of self-regulated learning strategies and learning motivation.

Melintasi Dimensi Spiritual: Tradisi Wiwitan dalam Spiritualitas Manusia menurut Mircea Eliade

Humans live in interaction with culture and tradition, both those inherited from ancestors and those that have undergone acculturation. There is a spiritual touch between tradition and humans, which is the meaning given to the series of rituals that eventually evolve into a tradition. The relationship between humans and their God is then represented in a tradition, one of which is Wiwitan. This tradition, which has existed since ancient times, is a routine practice for farmers before starting their harvest, with the hope that their harvest will be abundant. This study is philosophical research that uses the method of philosophical reflection. This philosophical reflection involves an examination of key concepts in the thinking of Eliade, such as homo religiosus, hierophany, and the sacred and the profane. The researcher can explore how Eliade's ideas can be applied to understand the Wiwitan tradition. A review of the historical literature on Wiwitan, case studies, or anthropological literature also helps to understand the context of the evolution and relevance of the Wiwitan tradition through the ages. The results of this study show that the Wiwitan tradition is an important part of the Javanese farmer's life, which not only functions as a ceremonial rite before the harvest but also reflects their view of nature as a sacred space. In this ritual, farmers honor nature and Dewi Sri, the goddess of fertility, asking for blessings and protection. With the concept of homo religiosus as proposed by Mircea Eliade, Wiwitan reflects the basic human need to connect with the sacred, providing spiritual meaning amidst changing times.

Ключові аспекти органічних законів в контексті метаантропології суспільства

Abstract. Modern global changes require a rethinking of the basic laws of society's functioning in conditions of uncertainty and dynamic social processes. Organic laws, which determine the internal stability and ability of society to adapt, are becoming the object of increased interest among researchers of philosophical and legal science. The study of these laws in the context of meta-anthropology allows us to reveal deeper relationships between social evolution and ontological aspects of human existence, which determines the relevance of the research. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the synthesis of organic laws of social evolution and the concept of meta-anthropology, which allows us to rethink the patterns of social development in a new way. It is important to analyze the interaction of these laws in the context of modern challenges - environmental, social and economic. The research reveals new possibilities of using organic laws to build harmonious social structures. The methodological basis of the research is a combination of system analysis and a synergistic approach. The methods of corporate analysis, meta-anthropological approach and socio-philosophical reflection are used, which allow to comprehensively investigate the impact of organic laws on social stability and development. The lack of detailed research on the interaction of organic laws and metaanthropology determines the novelty and necessity of scientific research. Starting to highlight the influence of organic laws on the stability and development of society, we will emphasize that organic laws, as systemic principles that ensure harmony and coherence of social relations, play a key role in ensuring the stability and progress of society. Their influence is not limited to moral-ethical or spiritual aspects, but also extends to the economic, political and cultural spheres. Keywords: organic laws; meta-anthropology of law; society; moral norms; social norms; philosophy.

Examining Filipino Popular Piety in the light of Vatican II’s &lt;i&gt;Directory of Popular Piety and the Liturgy&lt;/i&gt;: Principles and Guidelines

Celebrating popular piety in different regions reflects the vibrant, diverse, and festive culture of the Philippines. The innumerable religious practices through rites and ceremonies show the intensity and vibrance of Filipino Catholic spirituality. It is part of theheritage and unique identity of the Filipino Catholic Church to the extent that it also impacts the local liturgical calendar. Given this distinctive characteristic of popular piety, finding its harmony with the liturgy is challenging. The focus on the ritual aspect of popular piety diverges from orthodoxy, raising conflict between its praxis and Church teachings, which allows for misinterpretation and syncretism. This paper will employ a descriptive research design to assess the reception of Vatican II’s Directory of Popular Piety and the Liturgy: Principles and Guidelines (DPPL), using the method of critical reflection. It comprehensively analyzes the reception of DPPL and its profound impact on Catholicism in the Philippines. This study aims to establish an understanding of popular piety as a valid form of worship through analysis and evaluation of the process of inculturation to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of these practices. It enriches theological discourse on the realm of inculturation, which leads to the preservation of cultural heritage and the understanding that popular piety is an encounter of evangelization and culture that should be treated with profound respect and mutual understanding.

Methods of Quantitative Assessment of the Response of Dilated Skin Blood Vessels to High-Energy Light Treatments

Background: The techniques of choice used in the treatment of extensive vascular lesions of the face are methods based on high-energy light sources, such as lasers and IPL (intense pulsed light). The techniques commonly employed to detect blood vessel abnormalities in skin primarily rely on semi-quantitative or qualitative scales. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 38 volunteers; a series of three treatments was performed using an IPL source (Lumecca, Inmode, Israel). The vessels’ response to the high-energy light was verified using the following quantitative methods: mexametric measurements, hyperspectral imaging, and directional reflectance measurements. Results: In the mexameter measurement, statistically non-significant differences were obtained in the hemoglobin content in the skin condition prior to and following multiple intense pulsed light sessions. Studies performed using a hyperspectral camera showed that at a wavelength of 580 nm, the increase in skin reflectance after the treatment was statistically significant. Total directional reflectance measurements showed that at wavelengths of 400–540 nm and 480–600 nm, following the IPL treatment, the skin reflectance increased statistically significantly. Implementing three consecutive intense pulsed light procedures appears adequate to obtain a clinically satisfactory reduction in vascular changes in the facial skin. Mexametric measurements do not enable the assessment of the reaction of blood vessels to IPL. Conclusions: Hyperspectral imaging is an effective method for the quantitative assessment of skin vascular lesions. The best results in the assessment of vascular lesions using hyperspectral imaging are obtained at wavelengths of 420 nm and 580 nm. The hemispheric directional reflectance method allows for a quick, accurate, and repeatable assessment of vascular skin changes.

A Comparative Study of Moral Values Education in Public and Religion-Based Kindergartens in Yogyakarta

Integrating moral values into early childhood education remains a critical issue for educators and policymakers worldwide. This study explores the implementation of moral values education in public and religion-based kindergartens in Yogyakarta. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were gathered through surveys and interviews from a sample of 20 kindergartens, ten public and ten religion-based, across five districts. The research focuses on how core moral values such as politeness, honesty, responsibility, and cooperation are taught and incorporated into daily learning activities. Results indicate that both public and religion-based kindergartens emphasize similar core values, though religion-based institutions place added importance on religious practices like daily prayers. Storytelling is more frequently employed in religion-based kindergartens to teach moral values. In contrast, public kindergartens utilize more diverse strategies, including group activities and discussions. Teachers in public kindergartens often encounter challenges with inconsistency between home and school environments regarding moral education, while those in religion-based kindergartens report difficulties managing children during religious activities. The findings underscore the need for improved home-school collaboration in public kindergartens to ensure consistency in moral education. In contrast, religion-based kindergartens could benefit from adopting more interactive and reflective teaching methods to foster critical thinking in children. Teacher training programs should focus on equipping educators with culturally sensitive strategies for moral education. Although this study offers valuable insights, its findings are geographically limited to Yogyakarta, and future research should broaden the scope to include different regions and assess long-term impacts on children’s moral development.

Comprehensive Insights into Artificial Intelligence for Dental Lesion Detection: A Systematic Review.

Background/Objectives: The growing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is driven by the need for more robust and automated diagnostic systems. These methods not only provide accurate diagnoses but also promise to enhance operational efficiency and optimize resource utilization in clinical workflows. In the field of dental lesion detection, the application of deep learning models to various imaging techniques has gained significant prominence. This study presents a comprehensive systematic review of the utilization of deep learning methods for detecting dental lesions across different imaging modalities, including panoramic imaging, periapical radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A systematic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a structured and transparent review process. Methods: This study addresses four key research questions related to the types of objects used for AI in dental images, state-of-the-art approaches for detecting lesions in dental images, data augmentation methods, and challenges and possible solutions to the existing AI-based dental lesion detection. Furthermore, this systematic review was performed on 29 primary studies identified from multiple electronic databases. This review focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024, sourced from IEEE, Web of Knowledge, Springer, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: We identified five types of lesions in dental images as periapical lesions, cyst lesions, jawbone lesions, dental caries, and apical lesions. Among the fourteen state-of-the-art deep learning approaches, the results demonstrate that deep learning models, such as U-Net, AlexNet, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 8 (YOLOv8) are commonly employed for dental lesion detection. These deep learning models have the potential to serve as integral components of decision-making processes by improving detection accuracy and supporting clinical workflows. Furthermore, we found that among twelve types of data augmentation techniques, flipping, rotation, and reflection methods played an important role in increasing the diversity of the datasets. We also identified six challenges for dental lesion detection, and the main issues were identified as data integration, poor data quality, limited model generalization, and overfitting. Proposed solutions against the aforementioned challenges include the integration of larger datasets, model optimization, and diversification of data sources. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies and potential advancements in dental lesion detection using deep learning. The findings indicate that possible solutions against the challenges of AI-based diagnostic methods in dental lesion detection need to be more generalizable regardless of image type, the number of data, and data quality.

Prediction of marl reservoir distribution based on facies-constrained reflectivity inversion method

Accurate characterization of carbonate reservoirs remains a significant challenge due to complex facies variations and the substantial effects of wave propagation. We propose a facies-constrained reflectivity inversion strategy. The method establishes a relationship between logging data and seismic waveforms, applies clustering analysis using the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique, and utilizes the clustering results to constrain the construction of an initial model with realistic lateral variations. Based on this initial model, a Bayesian-based reflectivity inversion is performed, incorporating a modified Cauchy prior distribution to enhance inversion accuracy and stability. The reflectivity method offers a one-dimensional analytical solution to the wave equation, tacking thin layer thicknesses and wave propagation effects into consideration, thereby significantly alleviating inversion problems encountered in marl reservoirs. Compared to traditional inversion methods based on the Zoeppritz equation, the facies-constrained reflectivity inversion delivers higher accuracy and resolution. The application of this technique to identify marl reservoirs in the Lei32 sub-member of the Sichuan Basin has yielded promising results, effectively delineating favorable reservoir areas of approximately 210 km2 and offering strong support for future exploration and development.

Inverse wavefield transform of vertical magnetic component of loop-source TEM data over coalfield strata: a case study in Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract The transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is an effective and efficient tool that can be used to map the subsurface distribution of electric conductivity. To highlight the subsurface conductivity contrasts, inverse wavefield transform has been proposed and applied to provide reflection events from geo-electric interfaces similar to those in the wavefield reflection methods. In this paper we present a case study of inverse wavefield transform for loop-source TEM data. The TEM survey site is located in a coal field in Inner Mongolia, China. Previous geological surveys and TEM data inversion had already confirmed that, within the depth of 800 m, the subsurface structure of conductivity is layered and smooth. The numerical and field data were transformed by a self-adapted algorithm of inverse wavefield transform. The reflection events were observed as expected in the pseudo-wavefield wavefield traces transformed from the numerical and field data. The data misfit between the fitted data (recovered from the transformed pseudo-wavefield) and the field (or numerical) data was smaller than 15% for the 720 × 720 m loop used in our case. Finally, numerical and field cases with detailed discussion are presented to illustrate that the algorithm and results of our inverse wavefield transform are physically rational and numerically accurate.

REFLECTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING CONFLICT RESOLUTION COMPETENCE IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION LEADERS

This article explores the use of reflective methods as an effective approach to developing conflict resolution competence in leaders of preschool education organizations. Conflict resolution competence is a critical skill for leaders, enabling them to manage interpersonal disputes, foster collaboration, and maintain a positive organizational environment. Reflective methods, including self-assessment, peer feedback, and guided reflection exercises, are examined for their potential to enhance self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving skills. The article emphasizes the significance of integrating these methods into professional development programs to build the capacity of leaders to address conflicts constructively. Practical recommendations and examples of reflective practices are provided to support implementation.

A research conversation: Stephanie Arsoska and Andrew Morrish

This interview is a research dialogue between Stephanie Arsoska and Andrew Morrish, focusing on their exploration of Stephanie’s solo improvisation practice. Over the course of a year, they conducted ten, ten-minute solo improvisations via Zoom, analysing emerging patterns over time. Stephanie’s practice, which integrates movement and text, is deeply rooted in acting and physical theatre traditions. Rather than engaging in conceptual analysis, they adopted reflective and descriptive methods to gain insights through lived experience. Their goal was to better understand and articulate their creative processes. The conversation highlights the importance of cultivating a pedagogical awareness within artistic practice, fostering openness and mapping these practices to achieve a deeper understanding. Their methodology involved gathering data from multiple perspectives, promoting a reflective engagement with personal experiences and uncovering new insights through the process of improvisation.