Reflection Method Research Articles

The Evolving International Climate Change Regime: Mitigation, Adaptation, Reflection

The complex international regime for climate change has evolved over the past three decades, from the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol through the Paris Agreement and beyond. We assess this evolution from the 1990s to the 2020s, and its potential future evolution from the 2020s to the 2050s, across three main policy strategies: mitigation, adaptation, and reflection. In its first three decades, the regime has focused predominantly on the mitigation of net emissions and on engaging all major emitting countries in that effort. More recently, as progress on mitigation has been slow and as the impacts of climate change have risen around the world, the regime has begun to address adaptation. The next three decades may see the rise of a third strategy, reflection, if actors (collectively or unilaterally) perceive an urgent need to alleviate peak climate damages through fast-acting but controversial and risky climate interventions known as sunlight reflection methods or solar radiation modification (SRM). Several major international groups have recently issued reports on SRM, yet the international climate change regime has not yet constructed a governance regime for assessment or management of SRM. We recommend and outline comprehensive risk-risk tradeoff analyses of SRM to help avoid harmful countervailing risks. We suggest the development of an adaptive governance regime, starting early and embracing iterative and inclusive learning and updating over time. We urge that among the first key steps should be the development of a transparent international monitoring system for SRM. Such a monitoring system could provide early warning and help deter any unilateral SRM, assess the intended and unintended global and regional impacts of any research or eventual deployment of SRM, foster collective deliberation and reduce the risk of international conflict over SRM, help attribute adverse side effects of SRM to assist those adversely affected, and aid learning to improve the system adaptively over time. Thus, any reflection (of sunlight) should involve ongoing reflection (analysis and revision). Such an SRM monitoring regime is needed before SRM might be deployed, and can be developed at the same time that the focus of current efforts remains on mitigation and adaptation.

What Is the Black Hole Spin in Cyg X-1?

We perform a detailed study of the black hole spin of Cyg X-1, using accurate broadband X-ray data obtained in the soft spectral state by simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations, supplemented at high energies by INTEGRAL data. We use the relativistic disk model kerrbb together with different models of the Comptonization high-energy tail and the relativistically broadened reflection features. Unlike most previous studies, we tie the spin parameters of the disk and relativistic broadening models, thus combining the continuum and reflection methods of spin determination. We also consider a likely increase of the disk color correction due to a partial support of the disk by large-scale magnetic fields. We find that such models yield a spin parameter of a*=0.87−0.03+0.04 if the disk inclination is allowed to be free, with i=39°−1+1 . Assuming i = 27.°5, as determined by optical studies of the binary, worsens the fit but leads to similar values of the spin, a*=0.90−0.01+0.01 . In addition, we consider the presence of a warm Comptonization layer on top of the disk, motivated by successful modeling of soft X-ray excesses in other sources with such a model. This dramatically lowers the spin, to a * ≲ 0.1, consistent with the spin measurements from black hole mergers. On the other hand, if the natal spin of Cyg X-1 was low but now a * ≈ 0.9, a period of effective supercritical accretion had to take place in the past. Such accretion could be facilitated by photon advection, as proposed for ultraluminous X-ray sources.

성찰일지 평가법을 활용한 상담전공 학부생의 첫 상담실습 경험 분석

The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate and analyze the level and content of reflection on counseling major undergraduates' first counseling practicum experience using reflective journal writing assessment method. Three evaluators analyzed 112 reflective journals collected from 38 students enrolled in a counseling practicum course. According to the reflective journal assessment method, level 1 evaluation was based on nine elements of reflection, and level 2 evaluation categorized each journal into three levels based on the overall level of reflection. Additionally, content analysis was conducted to examine the specific content of reflection occurring during counseling practicum experiences. Percent agreement for the nine elements of reflection ranged from 53.6% to 90.2%, Φ coefficients ranged from 0.01 to 0.75, and ICC(2,1) values ranged from 0.39 to 0.87. Inter-rater agreement for the overall level of reflection in the journals ranged from 56.3% to 74.1%, with γ coefficients ranging from 0.63±0.12 to 0.86±0.06, and an ICC(2,1) of 0.67 among all evaluators. This study confirmed the applicability of reflective journal writing assessment in the field of counseling practicum and provided insights into the utilization of reflective journals for counselor education.

Fostering Pre-Service Teachers’ Professional Abilities in Art Education through Reflective Teaching Practices

Reflective teaching practices are essential in art education, serving as a cornerstone that encourages pre-service teachers to engage in thoughtful analysis and adaptation of instructional methods. This crucial professional skill enables pre-service teachers to navigate the dynamic landscape of teaching, fostering a continuous cycle of self-reflection and improvement. The central challenge revolves around the imperative task of improving pre-service teachers professional skills, as they navigate the complex endeavor of transforming artistic expertise into effective pedagogy. The objective of this research is to explore the professional competencies of pre-service art teachers utilizing reflective teaching practices within the field of art education. The research design involved conducting a library research, encompassing the reading and analysis of literature from academic journals and books. The research findings reveal crucial insights into the professional abilities of pre-service art teachers and effective teaching reflection methods. In terms of professional abilities, the study identifies key areas, including teaching design ability, teaching efficacy, and teaching reflection, shedding light on the multifaceted skills required for effective art education. Additionally, the investigation delves into various teaching reflection methods, encompassing assessment tools, lesson planning integration, technology utilization, interactive strategies, and creative approaches. In summary, this research emphasizes the crucial role of reflective teaching practices in art education, enabling pre-service teachers to continually refine their instructional methods. The study findings contribute valuable knowledge to the ongoing discourse on enhancing art education practices, providing a comprehensive understanding of both the skills required by teachers and the diverse methods available for fostering reflective teaching practices in the field. To address the identified challenge, teacher training programs should prioritize teaching design, efficacy, and reflection modules. Encouraging pre-service teachers to engage in reflective practices and integrating diverse methods into training programs will better equip educators for the dynamic demands of art education.

Strain-drived giant flexoelectric field and its efficient modulation in (111) BiFeO3 films

Flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric epitaxy films has attracted significant attention due to its theoretical and application potentials. However, the origin and control of flexoelectric field is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the surface structure of single-domain epitaxial BiFeO3 films with a (111) orientation using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflection methods. We observed large strain gradient on the surface of the BiFeO3 films, which produces a giant flexoelectric field up to 82.55 MV/m at the surface of 15 nm thick BiFeO3 film. Additionally, we discovered the presence of a surface layer with lower electron density than that of the underlying BiFeO3 layer, which is related to the flexoelectric field. Moreover, with increased film thickness, we found the strain distribution along growth direction of the film is changed, thereby leads to the decreased flexoelectric field and increasing thickness of the surface layer respectively. These findings convinced the coupling between the strain state and surface structure, changing the thickness of the ferroelectric film and consequently the strain state is an efficient way to adjust the flexoelectric field and the surface structure.

THE STRUCTURE IF THE QUATERNARY SHEET IN THE PETROZAVODSK BAY OF LAKE ONEGA ACCORDING TO SEISMOACOUSTICS

We present the results of seismoacoustic works carried out in the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega, the goal was to study a near-surface geological section. Seismoacoustic investigations were presented by the reflection method in a modification ultra-high resolution seismic survey. During the office work, the data were processed and interpreted, in which five seismic complexes were identified and correlated with the information about the lake structure. The result of the work was the maps construction of all five identified reflecting horizons covering all Petrozavodsk Bay. It was possible to estimate the sediments abundance and thickness corresponding to each complex.

Pn‐Wave Receiver Function

AbstractThe receiver function (RF) method is the most widely adopted method for imaging crustal structures using earthquake data. Through attenuation during long‐distance propagation, high‐frequency components are scarce in teleseismic waveforms, resulting in low‐frequency RFs and low‐resolution crustal images. The Pn‐wave contains more high‐frequency components because of the short epicentral distance. To improve the resolution of crustal structure studies, we propose the Pn‐wave receiver function (PnRF) method. Unlike other near‐earthquake phases, the Pn‐wave can be considered a plane wave in the crust beneath seismic stations, and interference from other phases can be avoided at epicentral distances of 5–15°. PnRFs calculated from both numerical synthetic data and observational data at broadband seismic stations show that all converted waves are present in PnRFs at the predicted time according to the theory of plane waves. PnRFs calculated by observational data of a dense nodal array clearly show not only the converted wave from the Moho but also the converted wave from the crustal interface, which is too weak to be observed in tele‐RFs because the Pn‐wave has a larger incident angle and higher frequency than the teleseismic P‐wave. When used in conjunction with dense nodal array observations, the PnRF method has the potential to image crustal structures with a high resolution close to that of the deep seismic reflection method.

Intentional destruction or damage of objects of plant life as a crime under the law of Ukraine and other European countries: cross-jurisdictional analysis

The key goal of this research paper is to analyze the specific features of legislative construction of Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, the method of statutory reflection of the elements of the subject matter and subjective side of this criminal wrongful act used therein, and also to study the relevant European experience. This will enable to develop proposals aimed at improving the provisions of current national criminal legislation, which are intended to guarantee the protection of flora by means of Ukrainian criminal law. In the course of relevant comparative legal research and formulation of conclusions, the author used a number of different scientific methods of cognition, in particular: modeling, comparative, dialectical, systemic as well as statistical methods. A conclusion has been reached that the newer version of the criminal law norm under study should, firstly, retain criminal liability for trespass to any type of vegetation, and not only violations relating to forests, and secondly, within its framework, liability for a) encroachment not only on green spaces around settlements, along railways, but also on any other green spaces, including those not located in appropriate places; b) destruction/damage of vegetation on lands of any category from among those provided for by the Land Code of Ukraine. In addition, the authors argue that it is necessary to establish penalties for intentional and negligent destruction of flora that differ in severity, which is explained by the significantly different degree of public harmfulness.

High-efficiency and low-hazard artillery recoil reduction technology based on barrel gas reflection

Reducing recoil as well as reducing muzzle hazards are important issues in artillery design. This paper presents a barrel gas reflection method for the artillery aiming for efficient recoil reduction while reducing muzzle hazards. The launching process is modeled by coupling the interior ballistic equations and the flow equations of the barrel gas reflection device. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method was used to solve the model, and the LHS method as well as the Kriging model was used to establish a mapping relationship between the parameters and the effect. To validate the proposed model, shooting experiments are carried out on a 30 mm caliber artillery. The maximum error between the experiment and simulation results was 5.32%. The experiment has demonstrated that the barrel gas reflection method increases the recoil reduction efficiency of artillery by 44.54% and reduces the muzzle hazard by 52.18%. Finally, the barrel gas reflection method can produce effects with the muzzle device at the same time, and it has little effect on the velocity of the projectile muzzle velocity, and it provides a new way of thinking for the development of future artillery recoil reduction technology.

A CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM TO DETECT EARLY CARIES LESIONS

Dental diagnostic imaging plays a significant role in the field of dentistry. In the oral environment, continuous demineralization and remineralization of tooth structure is common. Early diagnosis and monitoring of carious lesions are essential, and enamel abnormalities require quantitative imaging techniques. Among the imaging modalities available are radiography, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, to obtain imaging information on dental diagnostics, most of these systems rely on specific radiation and energy which might be harmful to health. To overcome the aforementioned problem, this research proposes a conceptual modeling of ultrasonic tomography system to detect enamel abnormalities using simulation from COMSOL software. Ultrasonic tomography can be obtained by the presence of acoustic waves transmitted from a source and the reflection of the waves at the investigated area. The transmission technique yielded 0.0041260 V for 7 MHz and 0.0003841 V for 25 MHz, but the reflection method yielded 0.000060 V for 7 MHz and 0.000211 V for 25 MHz. The transmission approach produces the greatest difference in voltage when compared to the reflection method. This suggests that, in comparison to the reflection technique, the transmission method is significantly better at detecting changes on the tooth surface.

An Expandable and Generalized Method for Equipment Information Reflection in Digital Twin Workshop Systems

A production workshop is equipped with diverse equipment and machinery, and manufacturing data generated by different equipment show certain differences. Therefore, developing a method with an information presentation capability for a digital twin workshop system (DTWS) can be challenging due to the numerous information sources and types. The level of detail provided for a DTWS is directly related to the management comprehension of the production status of a physical workshop. Thus, arranging and presenting different data effectively represents a significant challenge. To address this challenge, this study proposes an equipment information self-reflection method with expandability for DTWSs. First, a generic equipment information model with an expandability is developed. This model encompasses all relevant data types in a workshop. The analysis of these data is conducted from two perspectives: workshop equipment categorization and equipment internal composition. The analysis results are used for the generation of extensible styles for property elements and function components. For the DTWSs, these two perspectives offer a standardized specification for equipment information presentation. In addition, a self-reflection method is introduced to address the demand for generating diverse information types ranging from equipment-based to extensible types. The system framework and operational flow of this method are explained in detail. To verify the proposed method, this paper conducts a practical case study using the DTWorks software development kit to simulate a real workshop. The proposed self-reflection method is implemented into the DTWorks. The disparities in equipment information types are analyzed for both pre- and post-implementation of the proposed method. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed self-reflection method. Finally, the results show that the proposed method exhibits advantageous performance regarding intricate business contexts.

Petroleum System Analysis and Burial History of Middle Permian Source Rock in Turpan–Hami Basin, NW China

The pre-Jurassic in the north depression of the Tuha depression is the most favorable replacement strata to obtain new reserves in the Turpan–Hami Basin. (Pre-Jurassic, in this paper, refers to the Permian and Triassic.) The main source rocks are the Taodonggou Group, of which the burial history and hydrocarbon generation potential remain unconfirmed. The investigation of the burial and thermal history is vital for the basin analysis and hydrocarbon exploration. Therefore, in this paper, by using the acoustic time difference method, vitrinite reflectance method, stratigraphic trend method and PetroMod-1D software, the differential characteristics of denudation thickness, burial history and thermal evolution history of different tectonic units in different periods of Taibei Sag in the Turpan–Hami basin are studied, and their influence on the petroleum system is analyzed, and then the zones with exploration potential are optimized. The results show that the Taibei Sag has experienced multiple tectonic uplift events. The Late Indosinian movement has profound effects on the Taodonggou Group source rocks. The rather large uplift amplitude postpones the maturation of source rocks. In addition, the Turpan–Hami Basin is a typical cold basin. Therefore, the thermal maturity of the source rocks is relatively low, with respect to the relatively deep burial. The thermal histories of the different sub-sags in the study area are slightly differentiated from each other. The Taodonggou Group source rocks in the Taibei Sag generally became mature during the Mid–Late Jurassic epoch, except for those in the Central–Southern Shanbei sub-sag, represented by Well LT-1, which reached the mature stage during the Late Triassic epoch. The study area has well-developed reservoir rocks, and effective reservoir bodies are formed in the slope zone and near the Tainan Sag, due to the higher porosity and permeability of reservoir rocks. The statistics related to the faults and an analysis of the structural styles of oil reservoirs indicate that the structural slope and anticline of the Huobei, Lianbei and Shanbei sub-sags are favorable for increasing reserves and production of hydrocarbons.

Nanocarbon/Co3O4/Epoxy Composites for Microwave Shielding and Absorption

The epoxy composite materials (CMs) with a random distribution of nanosized Co3O4 and carbon nanoparticles (graphite nanoplatelets GNP and carbon nanotubes CNT) are fabricated. Complex permittivity, permeability, and shielding properties of composite materials with 30 wt% of Co3O4 and (2–5) wt% of nanocarbon are measured in the frequency range of 1–67 GHz using the transmission–reflection method. A significant increase of microwave permittivity and presence of several peaks on the dependencies of the imaginary part of permittivity on the frequency are found for three‐phase nanocarbon/Co3O4/epoxy CMs. The observed microwave shielding efficiency of three‐phase epoxy composites is enhanced compared to two‐phase nanocarbon–epoxy composites. Such enhancement of shielding efficiency correlates with the increase of DC conductivity of these three‐phase composites. The measured complex permittivity and permeability spectra for nanocarbon/Co3O4/epoxy CMs are used for modeling the reflection loss for studied composites. It is shown that the most preferable for microwave absorption is the composites containing 2 wt% of nanocarbon filler for a sample thickness of 0.5–0.7 mm. The highest reflection loss = 30 dB with an absorption bandwidth of 15 GHz is found for epoxy composite filled with 2 wt% of GNP and 30 wt% of Co3O4 for a sample thickness of 0.5 mm.

Developing and testing a reflection method for implementation of the informal care guideline in community nursing: Design-based research.

To develop a reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants to support the implementation of the Dutch Informal Care guideline in daily care. Design-based research. A design group and four test groups of community nurses and nursing assistants were formed to develop a reflection method that aligns with the needs and preferences of its end-users. The design and test group meetings were video recorded. The video data were iteratively discussed and analysed thematically to adapt and refine the method and to identify its key features. A final reflection method was developed. Five main themes were identified from the analysis: the group, reflective triggers, knowledge about the guidelines, the coach and preconditions. The themes are linked to nine key features representing the building blocks of the reflection method. The key features are group size, participants with different (educational) backgrounds, pairs of participants, expressing thoughts, video feedback, reflection game, making the connection with the guideline, coaching as a process facilitator and meeting organizational and contextual conditions for implementation. An evidence- and practice-based reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants is developed to support the implementation. By involving community nurses and certified nursing assistants, the method closely matches their needs and preferences. Critical elements of the reflection method are a game element, video feedback and working in pairs in a group of participants from different (educational) backgrounds. Guidance is needed to make the transfer from theory to practice. A reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants was developed to enhance care work according to guideline recommendations, aiming to improve the care provided by informal caregivers. The COREQ guideline was used. This reflection method was developed in close collaboration with all stakeholders during the entire study.

Trust-Aware Reflective Control for Fault-Resilient Dynamic Task Response in Human–Swarm Cooperation

Due to the complexity of real-world deployments, a robot swarm is required to dynamically respond to tasks such as tracking multiple vehicles and continuously searching for victims. Frequent task assignments eliminate the need for system calibration time, but they also introduce uncertainty from previous tasks, which can undermine swarm performance. Therefore, responding to dynamic tasks presents a significant challenge for a robot swarm compared to handling tasks one at a time. In human–human cooperation, trust plays a crucial role in understanding each other’s performance expectations and adjusting one’s behavior for better cooperation. Taking inspiration from human trust, this paper introduces a trust-aware reflective control method called “Trust-R”. Trust-R, based on a weighted mean subsequence reduced algorithm (WMSR) and human trust modeling, enables a swarm to self-reflect on its performance from a human perspective. It proactively corrects faulty behaviors at an early stage before human intervention, mitigating the negative influence of uncertainty accumulated from dynamic tasks. Three typical task scenarios {Scenario 1: flocking to the assigned destination; Scenario 2: a transition between destinations; and Scenario 3: emergent response} were designed in the real-gravity simulation environment, and a human user study with 145 volunteers was conducted. Trust-R significantly improves both swarm performance and trust in dynamic task scenarios, marking a pivotal step forward in integrating trust dynamics into swarm robotics.

Attitude control of a 3-DoF quadrotor platform using a linear quadratic integral differential game approach

In this study, a linear quadratic integral differential game approach is applied to regulate and track the Euler angles for a quadrotor experimental platform using two players. One produces commands for each channel of the quadrotor and another generates the worst disturbance based on the mini-maximization of a quadratic criterion with integral action. For this purpose, first, the attitude dynamics of the platform are modeled and its parameters are identified based on the Nonlinear Least Squares Trust-Region Reflective method. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated for regulation and tracking problems. The ability of the controller is also examined in the disturbance rejection. Moreover, the influence of uncertainty modeling is studied on the obtained results. Then, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with the classic Proportional Integral Derivative, Linear Quadratic Regulator, and Linear Quadratic Integral Regulator. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Game Theory on the Linear Quadratic Regulator approach when the input disturbance occurs.

Multi‐geophysical methods for characterizing fractures in an open pit mine, western Bushveld Complex, South Africa

AbstractIn the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, open pit mines are faced with a challenge of rock slope stability due to geological structures (fractures, faults and dykes) that compartmentalize the rock mass. Geophysical surveys (seismics, magnetics and electrical methods) were conducted in a 0.2 km2 area at Tharisa mine, with the goal to delineate fractures that may be potential conduits for water migration into the pit. Special processing techniques were applied to the dataset to obtain good quality seismic, magnetic and resistivity models. The P‐wave velocity models show distinct low velocities in the centre of the seismic profile, indicating the presence of weak zones associated with faulting or fracturing. Seismic reflection method was used to image the deeper discontinuities and mineralization contacts. Near surface reflections are observed throughout the profiles and are correlated with the contact between the chromitite and host rock. Ground magnetic surveys were conducted to delineate dykes and fractures. De‐trending and de‐culturing techniques were applied on the magnetic data for correcting regional and temporal variations. The low magnetic regions indicate the presence of fracture systems in the subsurface, whereas the high magnetic region is correlated with the dolerite dyke that crosscuts the pit. The electrical resistivity tomography exhibits linear low resistivity contrast zones that differentiate between the fractured and undisturbed hard rock at an estimated depth of 4–10 m. Resistivity shows discontinuities that suggests the presence of fracturing and dyke‐host rock contacts. Correlation among magnetics, P‐wave velocity models, resistivity section and seismic data is evident when overlaying the different datasets, implying that the low magnetic regions are highly weathered and prone to fracturing. The integration of geophysical data is encouraging, because it was able to image the depth to the bedrock, fractures within the host rock and dyke in a complex mining environment.

CeO2 NANOTANECİKLERİNİN SENTEZİ, KARAKTERİZASYONU VE FOTOKATALİTİK AKTİVİTESİ

The discharge of untreated wastewater from unplanned industrial activities using dyes can cause serious environmental pollution and affect the aquatic environment. Semiconductor photocatalysis is a favorable technology widely used for degrading organic dyes in wastewater. This study dealt with the preparation of CeO2 nanoparticles via a simple precipitation technique. Information on the structural and morphological features of the developed CeO2 nanoparticles were determined using Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopic methods. The presence of the characteristic bands of CeO2 in the FTIR spectrum provided evidence of successful CeO2 formation. The calculated crystallite particle size utilizing the Scherrer equation was 10 nm. SEM images revealed that the morphology of CeO2 consisted of almost spherical particles with slight agglomeration. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was also used to find out the specific surface area of CeO2 nanoparticles (11 m2/g). The efficiency of CeO2 nanoparticles was also confirmed in terms of their photocatalytic activity against Rhodamine B (Rh B) under UV-A light. The results indicated that CeO2 nanoparticles could be a promising catalyst candidate for industrial wastewater treatment.

INNOVATIVE SYSTEM AND CONSIDERATION OF THE MULTILINGUALISM OF ALGERIAN STUDENTS

Algerian children are often bilingual or even multilingual, yet it appears that the Algerian school system has not yet developed pedagogical tools adapted to this reality. In this context, our concern revolves around the prospect of experimenting with an innovative pedagogical approach focused on language awareness. We explore how sensitizing students to language awareness activities in the Algerian school context can have a positive impact on learners' perceptions. Our research follows a primarily hypothetico-deductive approach, resembling experimental psychology methods. It relies on the analysis of a corpus composed of a semi-structured interview supported by the reflective drawing method to understand the effect of introducing language awareness activities on students' perceptions. While we cannot generalize our conclusions, the observed students demonstrated an interest in languages beyond those prompted by the language awareness approach during the experimentation. Thus, we can posit that language awareness activities triggered an awareness of what students already knew about languages and world cultures.

Design of Parabolic Off-Axis Reflector Optical System for Large Aperture Single Star Simulators

This study proposes a parabolic off-axis reflective optical system design method to reduce the wave aberration of the optical system of a large aperture single star simulator and improve the optical system’s imaging quality. Firstly, we determined the design indexes of the optical system of the large aperture single star simulator by analyzing the technical indexes of the star sensitizer and the development status of the single star simulator; secondly, the initial structural parameters of the optical system were calculated based on the theory of primary aberration; then, we carried out the design optimization of the optical system, the image quality evaluation, and the tolerance analysis using Zemax software; finally, the study tested the wave aberration of the optical system by using the four-dimensional interferometer and the standard mirror together. The simulation results of the optical system are as follows: in the entire field of view, the aberration of the optical system is far less than 0.002%, the modulation transfer function (MTF) reaches the diffraction limit, and the maximum wave aberration is 0.0324 λ. The experimental results are as follows: the maximum wave aberration of the optical system is 0.0337 λ, which is less than 1/25 λ, and it meets the requirements of the index. The simulation and experimental results show that the optical system of the large aperture single star simulator designed by this method has good imaging quality and a simple system structure.