Physical Simulation Method Research Articles

Experimental investigations of fault reactivation induced by slope excavations in China

Fault reactivation is a common and important engineering geological phenomenon. However, the surface expressions and intensity of reactivated faults adjacent to open-pit mines can vary with the engineering geological conditions. In this study, several types of fault reactivation were identified and studied based on geological investigations conducted at an open-pit mine in China. Based on these studies, a comparatively simple physical simulation method was employed to analyze the causes of fault reactivation under self-weight stress conditions. For a steeply dipping fault which outcrops in the tensile zone of an excavated slope, the tensile stresses generated perpendicular to the fault surface usually result in normal fault-style movement, regardless of the orientation of the fault. For a steeply dipping fault which outcrops in the compressional zone of an excavated slope, an outward-dipping fault usually generates reverse fault-style movement, whereas an inward-dipping fault usually generates normal fault-style movement. For a low-angled and inward-dipping fault, reverse fault-style movement could be induced because of the self-weight body forces of the hanging wall slope. Flexural toppling failure of an excavated slope was simulated by a series of inward-dipping faults. The simulated scarp sizes and deflections of the reactivated faults increased along the excavated slope.

Automatic Real Time Simulation through Embedding Physical Attributes

An automatic real time physical simulation method is presented through embedding physical attributes into collections of 3D models in Virtual Rapid Scene Building System called VR Scene Studio. In the physical simulation, dynamic equations of the objects with physical attributes are established by Lagrange method. The improved impulse-based paradigm is adopted to gain interactive simulating speed. To improve the performance, optimizing methods are investigated. The real time and physically plausible result can be achieved by the combined the above two methods. The experiment results show that the method is valid and practical.

An efficient construction of reduced deformable objects

Many efficient computational methods for physical simulation are based on model reduction. We propose new model reduction techniques for the approximation of reduced forces and for the construction of reduced shape spaces of deformable objects that accelerate the construction of a reduced dynamical system, increase the accuracy of the approximation, and simplify the implementation of model reduction. Based on the techniques, we introduce schemes for real-time simulation of deformable objects and interactive deformation-based editing of triangle or tet meshes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new techniques in different experiments with elastic solids and shells and compare them to alternative approaches.

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the flat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.

Study on Multilateral well Productivity Prediction Technology

The production of a multilateral horizontal well is higher than the production of a vertical well, even than that of a unilateral horizontal well. Nonetheless, the stimulation effect is significantly influenced by the branch parameters, and the impacts of branch parameters on the productivity of a multilateral horizontal well are rather complex. In this paper, the factors which affect the productivity of multilateral horizontal wells are preliminarily analyzed with the laboratory method of physical simulation. Then, a semi-analytical coupling model of wellbore flow and reservoir flow is built, and the multilateral horizontal wells are simulated to investigate the impacts of branch parameters on the stimulation effect of multilateral horizontal wells.

Optimum Design and Analysis of Metal Delivery System for Magnesium Alloy Plates with Twin-Roll Casting Process

Using physical and numerical simulation method，metal delivery system of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy process was researched. The Anycasting software was used to simulate different flow systems by VOF method. And based on similar principles, an acrylic experimental model with the ratio of 1:1 was designed. The dam’s size and position were optimized by simulations and experiments. The flow distribution is uniform along the horizontal of the casting roller. Numerical simulation and physical simulation are in good coincidence.

The Effect of Inclusions on the Formation of Intragranular Ferrite

In order to make a more intuitive and easier analysis the influence of different inclusions on the formation of ferrite, a layer of high purity oxide powder was added in the two parts of the Q235 steel artificially. The effect of the inclusions Ti2O3MgOZrO2 and Al2O3 on the nucleation of intragranular ferrite were studied by means of the physical simulation method. The microstructure of the micro-zone adjacent to the inclusions was observed and the elements of the micro-zone adjacent were analyzed. The results showed that the inclusions Ti2O3 and Al2O3 can form the ferrite layers at the oxides-steels interface; the inclusions Ti2O3 has an ability to induce the nucleation of intragranular ferrite; the inclusions Ti2O3 can change the chemical composition of the metal micro-zone adjacent to the inclusions, where the Mn depletion area was observed.

Physical simulation of georadiolocation field in direct and inverse problems of electrodynamics

A method of physical simulation used in solving electrodynamics problems can be successfully used while solving the problems of georadiolocation for modeling electromagnetic fields of high frequency range with the help of super-high frequencies. The values of similarity coefficients of frequencies and geometric lengths in case of physical simulation under laboratory conditions have been found with regard to field conditions of georadiolocation studies with standard antennas of geo-radar «Zond-12e».

Numerical and Physical Model Study of Tangential Vortex Dropshaft

Drop shafts, especially the vortex drop structure, are vertical conveyance conduits used in hydraulic engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, and so on. Because of complex flow properties and safety requirement, the system running security and reinforcement measure should be verified before it was built. In this paper, numerical and physical simulation methods were employed to verify mutually and analyze the hydraulic characteristics in a tangential vortex dropshaft. It is shown that the water carrying capacity of the dropshaft could be increased suitably and the safety freeboard of the conduit is the limiting factor. The air-water mixing at the junction may reduce the energy dissipation and reinforcement measure for the whole wall is necessary.

Improvement of Porous Medium Permeability by Injecting Overheated Steam

According to laboratory physical simulation methods, Achieve the infiltration experiment of overheated steam in the porous medium. The experiment researched overheated steam’s improvement to damage and undamaged porous mediums. Permeability was increased 1 to 4 times in the damaged porous mediums, 3 to 6 times in those undamaged. The microstructure of porous medium is characterized by scanning electron microscope photos. A lots of mineral microcrystal adhered on the initial rock particle surface. After the infiltration experiment of overheated steam, mineral microcrystal decreased obviously, and the rock particle surface changes into even and smoothly, which made the filtration resistance precipitous declined. Based on theory assumptions, production calculation formulas were derived in some given conditions. And the regular pattern plate map out, which affected by overheated steam heating radius and water-damaged radius. The results turns out that, inject overheated steam can achieve obviously production increasing.

任意の流速・浸水深を有する津波氾濫流の再現実験手法

This paper presents a novel physical simulation method for tsunami inundation flow with arbitrary flow velocity and inundation depth, which consists of steep front wave, super critical flow, and subcritical flow. In this method, an underflow gate, an overflow gate, and a valve are dynamically controlled to generate arbitrary flows in an experimental flume. Before an experiment, in order to control arbitrary flow velocity and depth at test section, temporal movement of the gates and valve is calculated by numerical calculations of open channel flows. The physical simulation method is verified by an experiment using a Froude scale model of a past tsunami. The result shows that the method is capable of reproducing arbitrary flow velocity and inundation depth of a scaled tsunami.

Physical Simulation of Space Objects’ Spectral Characteristics for Solving the Reverse Problem of their Photometry

The reverse problem of the Solar system atmosphereless body and satellite photometry is the determination of their shapes, dimensions, and reflective properties based on the observed light curves. In general, the solution of the problem is not unambiguous. To disambiguate it, the author used the physical simulation method for obtaining satellite surface spectral indicatrices. This paper describes spectral characteristics of some space object surfaces which make it possible to identify them by photometric and spectral observation results.

2210 複合製品設計における意思決定を支援するための物理モデル統合シミュレーション

2210 複合製品設計における意思決定を支援するための物理モデル統合シミュレーション

Mining-induced movement properties and fissure time-space evolution law in overlying strata

Mining-induced fracture zone will be produced in the overlying strata after the coal was mined. In this article, the mining-induced deformation of overlying strata and the time-space evolution law of fissure were studied by the methods of physical simulation and field measurement. The results show that bed separation fissure and vertical fissure will appear in the overlying strata above mining face, which form the wedge-shaped fissure zone. The open degree of fissure depends on the size of uncoordinated deformation between neighbor layers, and the absolute strata sinking controls both the width of bed separation zone and the open degree of vertical breakage fissure. At last, the calculating formula was deducted based on theoretical analysis.

Growth and Subside of Water Coning Estimation Using Physical and Numerical Simulation Method

This paper focuses on the growth and recession of the water cone in bottom water drive reservoir by using 3D physical simulation technology and numerical simulation method. The results of physical simulation revealed that: a 3D physical simulation model can truly reflect the progress of the growth and subside of the water cone and shut-in coning control method may reduce the water cut, increase the oil production and enhance the recovery ratio of the bottom water drive reservoir. Meanwhile both physical modeling and numerical simulation studies show that the water cone subsides with a decreasing speed. It drops fastest in the first four years, and then gradually slows down. Given the economic factors, it suggests that the best shut-in time in the oilfield is four years.

Air-Foam-Injection Process: An Improved-Oil-Recovery Technique for Waterflooded Light-Oil Reservoirs

Summary With the intent of solving problems that emerge at the later stage of waterflooded reservoirs, we study the feasibility of air-foam flooding of waterflooded light-oil reservoirs using the method of physical simulation. Through isothermal combustion experiments, the influence of clay mineral and foam on low-temperature-oxidation (LTO) reactions is investigated qualitatively. Then, the quantitative investigation of water saturation on oxidation rate and O2 consumption rate is discussed. After that, some dynamic foam displacement experiments are also performed, including the singletube displacement experiments of air foam at different water saturations and enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) experiments of air-foam flooding in parallel tubes. In addition, in order to verify the O2 consumption capacity of the sample oil, a slimtube experiment is conducted. The results show that the presence of clay minerals could speed the process of the LTO reaction, while the presence of foam will slow this process. The LTO reaction is not significantly associated with oil viscosity. The concentration of O2 was near zero when the gas breakthrough occurred. Once the oxidation region reached the outlet, the concentration of O2 suddenly increased, and the effect of O2 consumption became worse. G64-38 crude oil performs better in the process of O2 consumption. The injection of air foam could effectively plug the high-permeability tube and restart the low-permeability tube. This paper could be used as a tool for the successful design of air-foam flooding at a later waterflood stage to enhance crude-oil recovery in light-oil reservoirs.

Plain Carbon Strip Q235 Grain Growth in Reheating Progress

Before hot rolling the ingot of plain carbon steel Q235 should be heated to austenite temperature to decrease distortion resistance. The grain size will affect the following hot rolling process. In this paper, the behaviour of Q235 grain growth in reheat furnace was studied with the method of physical simulation. To achieve the equation of grain growth in heating progress, the samples was carried out in different peak temperature and holding time at the Gleeble1500. With the kinetics equation grain size can be calculated and the results provide a basis for the setting of progress parameter during reheating of ingot.

A Quantitative 3D Physical Simulation Method of Waterflooding in Fractured Reservoirs

Quantitative 3D physical simulation is very important to researches on waterflooding mechanism of fractured reservoirs. Considering reservoir, well network, wellbore, and fluid medium, the quantitative 3D physical reservoir simulation method is established based on the similarity criteria. The similarities of permeability anisotropy, matrix-fracture imbibition, power system, and resistance system are achieved by using accurate manufacture of fractured porous media, incomplete vacuum saturation technique, equivalent process of well radius, and selection of laboratory fluids, respectively. Based on this method, a typical oil reservoir is physically simulated. The lab model can quantitatively forecast reservoir performance and production indexes. A new physical research means of fractured reservoir is provided.

Physical Simulation of the Cutting Process Induced by Tool Geometric Angle and Cutting Parameters

The tool geometric angle and cutting parameters have a significant influence on the titanium alloy milling process by the usage of solid carbide end mills.The physical simulation method was applied to predict the cutting force and temperature by using two comparative sets of simulation data such as the different tool gemetric angle as tool rake angle, helix angle and different cutting parameters such as spindle speed, axial depth of cut, radial depth of cut. Thus are the commonly used methods to simulate and predict the cutting process before the actual production, which can reduce product cost and time.

Experimental Study of Plastic Flow during Linear Friction Welding by Physical Simulation Method

Abstract. In order to study the plastic flow during linear friction welding (LFW), copper particles were added as tracers on the surface of lead block. The flowing state of interior metal in LFW was simulated by the home-made simulator. Results show that the upset speed promotes the plastic flow of metal and the oscillation frequency restrains it. The upset speed influences the plastic flow of metal more significantly than the oscillation frequency. Only when the pressure reaches 800N and the increasing rate reaches 100N/s, can obvious plastic flow of lead happen in the direction perpendicular to the compression. But the plastic flow of lead in the compression direction is visible even if the pressure and its increasing rate are small.