Integrated Estimation Method Research Articles

Method of integral estimation of channel state in the multiantenna radio communication systems

A method of integrated estimation of channel state in multiantenna radio communication systems was developed. The distinguishing feature of the proposed method is estimation for several indicators, namely the bit error probability in the channel, frequency and pulse response of the channel state. After obtaining of the channel estimate for each indicator, a generalized channel state estimate is formed. Formation of the channel state estimate for each of the estimation indicators takes place in a separate layer of the neural network using the apparatus of fuzzy sets after which a generalized estimate is formed at the neural network output. Development of the proposed method was determined by necessity to raise speed of estimation of the channel state in multiantenna radio communication systems at an acceptable computational complexity. According to the results of the study, it has been established that the proposed method makes it possible to increase speed of estimation of channel state in multiantenna systems on average up to 30 % depending on the channel state while accuracy of the channel state estimation decreases by 5‒7 % because of reduced informativeness of estimation (because of using the apparatus of fuzzy sets) and is able to adapt to the signaling situation in the channel by training the neural network. Neural network training takes place on the basis of a training sequence and completes adaptation to the channel state after 10‒12 iterations of training. It is advisable to apply this method in radio stations with a programmable architecture to improve their interference immunity by reducing time for making decision on the channel state.

DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURES FROM SOLID WOOD FOR OBJECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE

New prefabricated lightweight structures made of solid wood with connections for joining and building metal screws for wood are proposed. Manufacture and assembly of basic elements-bars with a cross-section of 15x15 cm can be carried out in line conditions on the simplest woodworking equipment. The use of local tim-ber material has a number of advantages (ecological, economic and operational). The description of structures with manufacturing process, examples of buildings with vaulted and hipped roofing, connection arrangement, preparation of experimental samples with the use of new equipment of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering are given. The method of analysis with allowance for plastic deformations is under consideration. It provides additional economic advantages. The analysis is carried out by the method of integral estimates developed by Prof. V.M. Bondarenko for reinforced concrete structures and adapted to wooden structures by Prof. K.P. Pyatikrestovsky. Special strength criteria are used for the analysis of decks working together with the ribs (in a combined stressed state). It is planned to build buildings for various purposes in the ar-eas of development of the Far North of Russia.

INTEGRAL ESTIMATION OF QUALITY OF THE DNIPRO RIVER WATER INCLUDING RADIATION INDEXES AT PLACES OF WATER INTAKE AND POTABLE WATER SUPPLY STATIONS.

To develop an methodology for integral estimation of natural and potable water and to conduct relevant estimation of the Dnipro River water including radiation indexes at locations of potable water intake and potable water supply stations. Materials of Cherkasyvodokanal ME, Dniprovodokanal ME, Vodokanal ME, Berdyansk-vodokanal ME, and Oblvodokanal ME were analyzed. Along the period of 3 years (2015-2017), 468 water samplesfrom 7 water supply stations which use the Dnipro River water for intake were examined, upon 25 sanitary-chemical and 2 radiation (α activity and β activity) parameters. When carrying out the research, the following methods were used: bibliographic, sanitary-chemical, experts' and integral estimations. In order to carry out integral estimation of the quality of intake and potable water of water supply stations, for the first time the method of hierarchic folding of variables in the method of hierarchy analysis of T. Saati was used, by way of stage-by-stage expert comparison of different groups of parameters and of parameters in groups.Herewith, the groups of parameters were classified according to requirements of State Sanitary Rules and Standards (DSanPiN) 2.2.4-171-10 «Hygienic Requirements to Potable Water Intended for Consumption by Humans» asorganoleptic, integral, physical-chemical with organoleptic and general sanitary, as well as sanitary-toxicological characteristics of health hazards. Weight coefficients for parameters of quality of water are calculated as the superposition of expert weights for each group with taking into account relative estimations of significance for a complex parameter of groups between each other. It was educed that the average complex parameter for all stations in intake water in spring, in summer, and in autumn is statistically (p < 0.001) greater than in winter, and after treatment it doesn't vary along seasons of the year. If complex parameters for water from all stations are compared, their minimum values were for water of Cherkasyvodokanal ME (0.177 ± 0.005 and 0.167 ± 0.005 - of intake and potable water respectively) and Kaydatska Pumping and Filtration Station of Dniprovodokanal ME (0.156 ± 0.006 of intake water). Maximum values were detected in intake water of Blocks No. 1 and No. 2 of DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia (0.267 ± 0.008 for each) and of Oblvodokanal ME (0.273 ± 0.004); of potable: DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia (0.260 ± 0.008 and 0.265 ± 0.008 respectively) and Berdyanskvodokanal ME (0.282 ± 0.009). At several stations, after treatment, the increase of the value of the complex parameter was observed, and at other, the decrease or the stability of that value was observed. 1. An methodology for assessing the quality of natural and drinking water including radiation indexes is developed, which will allow processing of large massifs of indicators through their step-by-step expert comparison with a significant simplification of the work of experts and without losing the accuracy of the evaluation results. 2. The integral estimation of the ecological state of water of the Dnipro River at places of potable water intakes allowed to determine that the complex parameter of the quality of above mentioned water has a minimum value in winter, and after treatment at water supply stations the parameter is stable along the year. The dynamics of changes in the integral parameter by years (2015-2017) was educed, and along the river bed. Minimum values of complex parameters of quality of intake water was detected for the following stations: Cherkasyvodokanal ME and Kaydatska Pumping and Filtration Station of Dniprovodokanal ME, and maximum values were detected at Blocks No. 1 and No. 2 of DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia and at Oblvodokanal ME. It was confirmed that with the purpose of carrying out efficient state monitoring of the quality of natural and potable water in the spatial-temporal aspect, it is expedient to use the method of integral estimation.

Current situation of water quality Dniester River basin in transboundary areas

Introduction. Today there are significant problems of transboundary pollution of the Dniester River basin in Ukraine, including within the Vinnitska oblast.&#x0D; Purpose. The aim is to assess the current state of the watercourses of the Dniester River basin in transboundary areas with the Republic of Moldova, within the Vinnytska oblast by 2013.&#x0D; Methods. Evaluation of current watercourses quality in Dnister basin was performed based on the Methodology of environmental assessment of watercourses quality for the relevant category and on the Methods integrated assessment of groundwater contamination.&#x0D; Results. The results of water quality evaluation of the river Dniester basin in cross-border areas are assigned to them "satisfactory" and "bad" (the average and maximum environmental indices) features state and "dirty" and "dirty" qualifications purity by the Method of environmental assessment of watercourses quality in the relevant categories. By the Method of integral estimation of water courses contamination within the basin of river Dnister in Vinnytska oblast contamination status changed from "harmless" to "intensive". This shows a significant contamination of the river Dniester water basin.&#x0D; Conclusion. In order to improve the ecological state of the river basin it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of rivers, set GDS the priority given indicators of water quality, improve the culture of land and water use in watersheds. Priority execution of these measures should be in parts of the basin, characterized by the worst quality. Improvement of the situation with river Dnister basin in the cross-border region with Republic of Moldova should only be done on the state level with help of Euroregion "Dniester" initiative.

A hierarchical estimator development for estimation of tire-road friction coefficient.

The effect of vehicle active safety systems is subject to the friction force arising from the contact of tires and the road surface. Therefore, an adequate knowledge of the tire-road friction coefficient is of great importance to achieve a good performance of these control systems. This paper presents a tire-road friction coefficient estimation method for an advanced vehicle configuration, four-motorized-wheel electric vehicles, in which the longitudinal tire force is easily obtained. A hierarchical structure is adopted for the proposed estimation design. An upper estimator is developed based on unscented Kalman filter to estimate vehicle state information, while a hybrid estimation method is applied as the lower estimator to identify the tire-road friction coefficient using general regression neural network (GRNN) and Bayes' theorem. GRNN aims at detecting road friction coefficient under small excitations, which are the most common situations in daily driving. GRNN is able to accurately create a mapping from input parameters to the friction coefficient, avoiding storing an entire complex tire model. As for large excitations, the estimation algorithm is based on Bayes' theorem and a simplified “magic formula” tire model. The integrated estimation method is established by the combination of the above-mentioned estimators. Finally, the simulations based on a high-fidelity CarSim vehicle model are carried out on different road surfaces and driving maneuvers to verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.

Airborne Position and Orientation System for Aerial Remote Sensing

The airborne Position Orientation System (POS) can accurately measure space-time reference information and plays a vital role in aerial remote sensing system. It may be applied in a direct georeference system for optical camera and a motion imaging system for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which further advances efficiency and quality of imaging sensors. In this paper, the operation principle and components of airborne POS are introduced. Some key technologies of airborne POS are summarized. They include the error calibration and compensation, initial alignment, lever arm error modeling, time synchronization, and integrated estimation method. A high precision airborne POS has been developed and applied to a variety of aerial remote sensing systems.

Integral upper-limit estimation method for assessment of project design changes feasibility in industrial engineering

This paper presents the problem of project design risk managements. The empiric evidence is based on the data registered in the analytical GeoTechRemark system integrated in the STC-Geotechnology LLC. It is established that the number of expert comments is loosely connected with the feasibility of design changes. The weighted estimate method, long used as a solution for such tasks, also has a number of drawbacks, particularly the necessity for input data uniformity, which makes this method applicable for a restricted number of design fields. A proprietary methodology has been deduced to involve integral upper-limit estimation in feasibility assessment for project design changes, which is largely correlated with the actual feasibility of changes; the methodology is also available for automation, which makes it eligible for evaluating risks connected with compliance with Russian Labor law and laws regulating industrial engineering.

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of fourth-order nonlinear evolution equations with dispersive and dissipative terms

We study the long time asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of fourth-order nonlinear evolution equations with dispersive and dissipative terms. By using the integral estimation method combined with the Gronwall inequality, we point out that the global strong solutions of the problems decay to zero exponentially with the passage of time to infinity. The proof is rigorous and only based on some relatively weak assumptions on the nonlinear term.

The Industrial Zones as а Factor of Ecological Situation and Housing Prices Variation in Moscow

In the article the role of industrial zones is shown in the ecological situation forming in Moscow based on the method of industrial impact integral estimation. The estimation was carried out for the city in general and for six municipal districts particularly. The conducted public opinion surveys analysis shown Moscow residents perception of environmental risks assessment and the industrial zones impact to health in the area of residence as well as in the city in general. The main semantic emphasis is held on housing prices dynamic analysis for 2000 – 2015. Along with that the article analyzes industrial zones transformation during the covered period, and estimates the changes in the level of their impact on the urban environment in relation to the deindustrialization.

Integral Least-Squares Inferences for Semiparametric Models with Functional Data

The inferences for semiparametric models with functional data are investigated. We propose an integral least-squares technique for estimating the parametric components, and the asymptotic normality of the resulting integral least-squares estimator is studied. For the nonparametric components, a local integral least-squares estimation method is proposed, and the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator is also established. Based on these results, the confidence intervals for the parametric component and the nonparametric component are constructed. At last, some simulation studies and a real data analysis are undertaken to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimation method.

SOC Estimation of LiFePO4 Battery based on Improved Ah Integral Method

State of charge (SOC) is the most important status parameters of energy storage system, which is able to predict the available mileage of electric vehicle. In fact, the accuracy of SOC estimation plays a vital role in the usability and security of the battery. To fully consider the practical demands, a novel method to predict SOC of LiFePO4 battery is presented in this paper, which defines the correct coefficient separately under two working conditions of charging and discharging. Based on effective factors such as coulombic efficiency, charge and discharge current, and temperature, an Ah integral SOC estimation method with two kinds of efficiency correct coefficients is established by performing massive experimental study. Experiments prove that the estimated error of SOC is less than 5%. Compared with the original Ah method, the improved Ah method is more advantageous in the accuracy and reliability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i12.3016

Estimating Geometric Parameters of Highways and Railways Using Least-Squares Adjustment

This paper introduces a least-squares based approach that is developed for the estimation of horizontal geometric parameters of highways and railways. Curve recovery forms an important procedure in the establishment of the spatial database of a Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T), which is especially essential nowadays when different mobile mapping systems such as those using Global Positioning System (GPS) are widely employed for data acquisition. Comparing with the existing methods that estimate the geometric parameters of highway and railway alignments such as straight-lines, circular curves or spiral curves individually, this study discusses how to extract the entire set of parameters of combined alignments simultaneously with an integrated estimation method. Two case studies were used to show the feasibility of the developed technique. The first example investigates the possibility for recovering the geometric parameters of expressway curves whilst the second experiment entails realignment of existing railway curves. The results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy in the estimation of highway and railway curve parameters, and of less track lining work comparing with the traditional method in railway track realignment.

The Time Change Method and SDEs with Nonnegative Drift

AbstractUsing the time change method we show how to construct a solution to the stochastic equation dXt = b(Xt–)dZt + a(Xt )dt with a nonnegative drift a provided there exists a solution to the auxililary equation dLt = [a–1/αb](Lt–) + dt where Z, ¯ are two symmetric stable processes of the same index α ∈ (0, 2]. This approach allows us to prove the existence of solutions for both stochastic equations for the values 0 &lt; α &lt; 1 and only measurable coefficients a and b satisfying some conditions of boundedness. The existence proof for the auxililary equation uses the method of integral estimates in the sense of Krylov.

Parameter estimation from observations of first-passage times of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and the Feller process

Renewal point processes show up in many different fields of science and engineering. In some cases the renewal points become the only observable parts of an anticipated hidden random variation of some physical quantity. The hypothesis might be that a hidden random process originating from zero or some other low value only becomes visible at the time of first crossing of some given value level, and that the process is restarted from scratch immediately after the level crossing. It might then be of interest to reveal the defining properties of this hidden process from a sample of observed first-passage times. In this paper the hidden process is first anticipated as a non-stationary Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process with unknown parameters that have to be estimated only by use of the information contained in a sample of first-passage times. The estimation method is a direct application of the Fortet integral equation of the OU process. A non-stationary Feller process is considered subsequently. As the OU process, the Feller process has a known transition probability distribution that allows the formulation of the integral equation. The described integral equation estimation method also provides a subjective graphical test of the applicability of the OU process or the Feller process when applied to a reasonably large sample of observed first-passage data. These non-stationary processes have several applications in biomedical research, for example as idealized models of the neuron membrane potential. When the potential reaches a certain threshold the neuron fires, whereupon the potential drops to a fixed initial value, from where it continuously builds up again until the next firing. Also in civil engineering there are hidden random phenomena such as internal cracking or corrosion that after some random time break through to the material surface and become observable. However, the OU process has as a model of physical phenomena the defect of not being bounded to the negative side. This defect is not present for the Feller process, which therefore may provide a useful modeling alternative to the OU process.

COMPARISON OF ITERATIVE SET-POINT OPTIMISATION STRATEGIES UNDER STRUCTURAL PLANT-MODEL MISMATCH

This paper considers the set-point optimisation problem under plant-model mismatch. Three iterative optimisation strategies, the two-step method, the integrated system optimisation and parameter estimation (ISOPE) method and the gradient-modification optimisation method are compared for a nonlinear chromatographic separation process using different structurally mismatched models as nominal process models. The gradient-modification optimisation method is proven to be very attractive when a large structural plant-model mismatch exists. Its ability to deal with disturbances is also shown.

C*estimation for cracks in mismatched welds and finite element validation

A C* integral estimation method is proposed for a crack located in the weld with a mismatch in mechanical properties from the surrounding base material. The method involves the definition of an equivalent stress-creep strain rate (ESCSR) relationship based on the mechanical properties of both the weld and base materials and the geometrical dimension of welding seam. The value of creep fracture mechanics parameter C*, for the mismatched weldment, is then estimated using the proposed ESCSR in conjunction with the reference stress (RS) method where the reference stress is defined based on the plastic limit load and the GE/EPRI estimation scheme. Referring to the equivalent stress-plastic strain (ESPS) curve in R6 and SINTAP procedures, an approximate solution for the ESCSR relationship has been obtained. Detailed formulae for the compact tension (CT) specimens have been derived on the basis of limit load solutions. Nonlinear finite element analysis of 48 cases with various degrees of mismatch in creep behaviour and different dimension of welding seam has been performed for CT specimens. Overall good agreement between the ESCSR method and the FE results provides confidence in the use of the proposed method in practice.

Features of the application of heart rhythm variability analysis in cardiologic patients

Conflicting aspects of the clinical application of the heart rhythm variability (HRV) analysis in cardiovascular patients were critically analyzed. It was found that, in cardiovascular patients, the HRV pattern depended on not only mediators of autonomic nervous system but the electrophysiological state of myocardium and cardiac conduction as well. To make the HRV analysis more informative, the integral estimation method was substantiated, which allowed us to carry out the HRV analysis based on the main objective parameter of the rhythm pacing system, i.e., the heart beats, for both sinus and ectopic rhythms. The specific heart rhythm functions, namely scatter and concentration, were discovered. The scatter function was tested using the standard deviation of distribution of the RR-intervals (SDNN, SDNN-i, and SDANN-i), ΔX, TINN, and TIRR. The rMSSD, Amo, and triangular indexes were physiologically treated as the sinus node capacity for the rhythmconcentration. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of the integral method is discussed, which may be used as a supplementary method when interpreting the results of the HRV analysis in cardiovascular patients.

The wave collapse analyzed for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with periodic boundary conditions

The integral estimation method is used to study the wave collapse dynamics for the Klein-Gordon equation with a nonlinearity of the general form in the case of periodic boundary conditions. Sufficient integral criteria (generalizing the known ones) for the wave collapse are formulated.

Optimizing control of uncertain plants with constrained feedback controlled outputs

On-line set-point optimization of technological processes under uncertainty is the subject of the paper for the case with important active constraints on certain process outputs. A miltilayer structure with additional upper layer follow-up constraint controller responsible for keeping the output constraints satisfied both in steady states and during transient processes is considered. The integrated system optimization and parameter estimation (ISOPE) method is investigated, i.e. iterative algorithms using an on-line steady-state feedback, designed to determine optimum operation of the plant in the presence of inaccurate models and disturbance uncertainties. A new formulation of the ISOPE method suitable for the considered structure is derived and discussed, followed by a development of an efficient dual-type algorithm. The algorithms are applied to a case study examplean industrial styrene production unit consisting of a series of distillation columns. Results of simulation runs for cases with and without errors in the feedback information from the process to the optimizer are reported.

Sufficient integral criteria for instability of the free charged surface of an ideal liquid

Applying the method of integral estimates to the analysis of three-wave processes we derive the sufficient criteria for the hard loss of stability of the charged plane surface of liquids with different physical properties. The influence of higher-order wave interactions on the instability dynamics is also discussed.