Analytical Design Method Research Articles

A case study on fashion design analysis applying Greimas’ model for the generative trajectory of meaning

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyse the cultural meanings embedded in Korean fashion designers’ works and broaden the scope of fashion design analysis methods by applying Greimas’ model for the generative trajectory of meaning. Greimas’ model is built on three levels: deep level, surface level, and expression level. To conduct the study, 11 Korean fashion designers were selected and 1324 of their designs were analysed. First, the seme analysis at the expression level was conducted. Second, at the surface level, the episememes were drawn. At the deep level, aesthetic features of episememes resulted in the extraction of sublimity and humour analysed from most of the Korean fashion designers’ works. Mut was interpreted as a cultural meaning embedded in the sublimity and humour of the Korean fashion designers’ works.

Analytical approach and design method for evaluation of compressive arch action of precast concrete beams

This paper proposes an analytical approach to predict compressive arch action (CAA) of precast reinforced concrete (PC) beams subjected to middle column removal scenario (MCRS). A beam-column joint with non-seismic detailing is employed in the prototype PC structures, which is a typical joint widely applied in low seismic-risk countries. However, under MCRS, a weaker sagging moment resistance of the precast interface near the removed middle column casts doubts on its structural performance. Based on particular details of the PC beams, the analytical approach is proposed to consider the influences of a potential plastic hinge at the PC interface, various precast interface locations, special precast reinforcing details and horizontal restraint conditions on the mobilisation of CAA. Furthermore, an easy-to-apply design method is developed by assuming linear relationships between bending moment, neutral axis depth and compression force of the PC beam. Reliability of the analytical approach and the design method is verified through comparisons between predictions and FEM simulations of typical two-span PC sub-assemblages with various design details. The comparison study suggests that both the analytical approach and design method can accurately predict the CAA capacity and corresponding displacement, as well as the maximum compression force and bending moment at PC beam ends. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to shed light on the effects of different precast interface locations and various common design details on CAA peak resistance. It is found that when the distance (L3) between the precast interface and the beam end interface does not exceed a threshold value (L3_c), increasing L3 can significantly enhance CAA capacity. However, when L3 exceeds L3_c, CAA cannot be further enhanced due to transformation of CAA mechanism. It also finds that the threshold value L3_c is highly influenced by reinforcement details, span-over-depth ratio and horizontal stiffness of the beam.

Analysis of Exponential Frequency-Diverse Array for Short-Range Beam-Focusing Technology

The frequency-diverse array (FDA) is a promising technology because of its angle- and range-dependent beam pattern. The FDA has unique properties, such as beam scanning and focusing, which are difficult to achieve using the conventional phased antenna array theory. In this study, the relationship between range and frequency increment is analyzed, and the fundamental operation principle of FDA is thoroughly investigated. The effect of coupling among antenna elements is also discussed to analyze the FDA theory. Furthermore, a novel exponential FDA method for short-range beam focusing is presented based on the proposed FDA analysis method. The proposed method has been investigated through various case studies and applied to research efforts on FDA methods. The FDA design procedures and analysis methods are also presented in this article.

Analytical Fractional-Order PID Controller Design With Bode’s Ideal Cutoff Filter for PMSM Speed Servo System

In this article, a speed control scheme based on an analytically designed fractional-order PID with Bode’s ideal cutoff (FOPID-BICO) filter is proposed. The FOPID controller is designed to track the speed references and the BICO suppress is applied to filter the high-frequency noise. Considering the difficulty of parameters tuning of the FOPID controller, a comprehensive analytical design method based on frequency specifications-defined loop-shaping for the FOPID-BICO controller is first proposed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control. The designed speed servo system satisfies five frequency-domain specifications: gain crossover frequency, phase margin, phase crossover frequency, gain margin, and a “flat phase” constraint. Moreover, the influence of phase crossover frequency on control system is fully exposed through the frequency-domain analysis. The proposed designed method ensures that the control system is robust to loop gain variations and guarantees the optimal performance on rejecting noise in high-frequency and disturbance in low-frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed FOPID-BICO controller has been verified by experimental results.

Behavior of thread-fixed one-side bolts bolted T-stubs with arc-shaped flange to steel tube under tension

Tensile tests and Finite Element (FE) analysis were conducted on the Thread-fixed One-side Bolts (TOBs) bolted T-stub with arc-shaped flange to steel tube in this paper. Critical parameters were determined as the thickness of tube wall, the outer diameter of steel tube, the thickness of arc-shaped flange, and the center angle between bolts. Test results revealed that the connection would encounter three typical failure modes, which were: failure mode 1, thread shear failure with yielding of tube wall; failure mode 2, complete yielding failure of tube wall; failure mode 3, thread shear failure with yielding of T-stub arc-shaped flange. Developed FE models are verified and used to analyze the yield line pattern of tube wall, the hoop stress distribution of cross-section of tube wall, and the shear acting on bolt shank. Based on the experimental and numerical results, preliminary analytical models and design methods are proposed to estimate the tensile yield strength of specimens under different failure modes.

Comparing a single pile's axial bearing capacity using numerical modeling and analytical techniques

It has become crucial to study the different pile types in terms of their performance and bearing capacity due to the growing use of different types of piles throughout numerous construction projects. The bearing capacity of piles has been determined for this purpose using various analytical, numerical (finite element and finite difference), and field approaches. To determine pile-bearing capacity, geotechnical engineers and accountants prefer to utilise analytical pile design methods, which take into consideration a variety of methodologies and the soil conditions for each method (such as adhesion, internal friction angle, etc.) Design decisions are made depending on the opinions that are expressed. By comparing the analytical and software results using Plaxis 2D software, using the design results of more than 30 heaps, and analysing prior studies, we attempted to gauge the validity of each of these approaches in this study. For the analyzed piles, the greatest relative error between the theoretical technique and the numerical approach utilised in this study was around 14%; however, this error can be greatly decreased by modifying the meshing and making it finer since the method answers the method. Based on the findings, it was concluded that accurate calculations of the bearing capacity of piles could be made using numerical models and appropriate behavior models for the soil and piles. Therefore, it is somewhat true, rational, and appropriate that numerical models can prevent costly loading tests on piles.

Clinical trial design and analysis for comparing three treatments with intra-individual right- and left-hand data.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy can occur in the right and left hand. Studies on prevention treatments for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy have largely adopted either self-controlled designs or parallel designs to compare two preventive treatments. When three treatment options (two experimental treatments and a control treatment) are available, both designs can be extended. However, no clinical trials have adopted a self-controlled design to compare three prevention treatments for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The incomplete block crossover design for more than two treatments can be extended to compare three treatments in the self-controlled design. In simple extension, some of the participants receive two experimental treatments in both hands; however, it may be difficult to administer different experimental treatments in both hands for practical reasons, such as a concern for the different types of unexpected adverse events. This study proposes a design and analysis method appropriate for the situation where only one experimental treatment is provided to each participant. We assume clinical trials to compare each of the two experimental treatments (E1 and E2) with the control treatment (C) and between two experimental treatments only when both experimental treatments are superior to the control treatment. We propose a self-controlled design, which equally randomizes to four arms to adjust for the dominant hand effect: Arm 1: E1 for right hand, C for left hand; Arm 2: C for right hand, E1 for left hand; Arm 3: E2 for right hand, C for left hand; and Arm 4: C for right hand, E2 for left hand. We compare operating characteristics of the proposed design with the three-arm parallel design in which the same treatment is performed in both hands by participants. We also assess three proposed analysis methods for comparisons between experimental treatments in the self-controlled design under several conditions of correlations between right and left hands using simulation studies. The simulation studies showed that the proposed design was more powerful than the three-arm parallel design when correlation was 0.3 or higher. For comparisons between experimental treatments, the methods based on the regression model, including the outcome of hands with C as a covariate, had the highest power under modest to high correlation among the analysis methods in the self-controlled design. The proposed design can improve the power for comparing between two experimental treatments and the control treatment. Our design is useful in situations where it is undesirable for participants to receive different experimental treatments in both hands for practical reasons.

(Retracted) Multidimensional graphic art design method based on visual analysis technology in intelligent environment

In the last few years, the artificial intelligence technology has provided unique methods for design analysis in the art field. With the development of China’s economy and cultural prosperity, graphic design has changed people’s lives greatly. Under the concept of modern scientific and technological creation, the variety, scale, and plasticity of graphic design art are constantly improving, and the diversification of design elements is becoming the development trend. We designed a graphic art element recognition model based on single shot multibox detector (SSD) method through deep learning of visual processing technology. This method can automatically identify various elements in multidimensional graphic art works, thus helping artists and learners analyze an art work better. In this method, we take the SSD structure as the main model backbone and use the improved attention mechanism module feature pyramid transformer to replace the original feature fusion module, inject long-distance dependency into the model, and improve the accuracy of object detection. In addition, we use the public dataset to make the relevant image target detection dataset. Different object detection evaluation metrics are used to evaluate the proposed methods, and several existing methods are selected for comparative experiments. Compared with YOLO V5 object detection model, our method improves 0.53%, 0.67%, 1.33%, and 1.28% on pixel accuracy, mean pixel accuracy, average recall, and mean intersection over union, respectively. The proposed algorithm has a great contribution to the performance improvement of object detection and the auxiliary analysis of multidimensional works of art.

Analytical method for suboptimal design of dynamic absorber for parametrically excited system

Parametric excitation is induced due to systemically unstable equilibrium states and often results in undesired vibration in mechanical systems. Many researchers have shown that the use of a dynamic absorber with an appropriate natural frequency and damping ratio is effective for suppressing parametric excitation. However, unlike the situation in a forced vibration system, it is difficult to find analytical expressions to determine the optimal design of the dynamic absorber for a parametrically excited system, which inevitably makes the design inefficient. This study developed a method for obtaining analytical suboptimal designs, specifically approximate optimal designs, for a dynamic absorber for parametric excitation through two kinds of free vibration systems constructed by approximating the original system. A comparison between the results for the suboptimal designs and an accurate optimal design demonstrated that an effective suboptimal design is achieved using a free vibration system that has an appropriate negative damping term derived from the instability of the original parametrically excited system. The developed approach is expected to provide an efficient option for suppressing parametric excitation.

NACA2412 airfoil based method for design and aerodynamic analysis of small HAWT using modified BEM approach

Efficient utilization of wind energy depends on careful selection and suitable design of Wind Turbine (WT) blades. Small scale Wind Turbines (SWT) normally operate in the low range of Angle of Attack (AoA). This makes the task even more difficult for designing and optimization of WT blades. This article deals with an airfoil based computational approach to design the blade for a standalone small scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). A procedure has been proposed to find the important parameters and analyze the performance characteristics for a three bladed HAWT operating under the wake rotation. Computational code has been written to find optimum blade profile. Twist angle variation, chord length and other related parameters are determined with the help of program. Comparison between different types of airfoil has been made to figure out the most suitable one. Airfoil selection and design approach are intended to make Wind Turbine blade efficient specially under low range of AoA. Characteristics of the Wind Turbine obtained analytically from this procedure are compared with several other reported earlier in some of the literatures. The result obtained by the proposed procedure is simpler and more efficient than BEM theory – a method normally employed for blade design.

The Application of Building Information Model in the Structural Design of Intelligent Buildings

Due to the irreversibility of building structures in the construction process, unreasonable construction methods are likely to cause economic losses and great negative social impacts. Therefore, the study of scientific and efficient intelligent construction methods for building structures has become a research hotspot in recent years, mainly including intelligent building design, construction control and safety analysis methods. Therefore, it is very meaningful and necessary to carry out research on intelligent construction technology based on BIM technology. By applying BIM technology to the process of intelligent construction of structures, this paper intends to achieve six major objectives such as building performance analysis and parametric design of structures, and independently develop a BIM construction process management platform, which combines construction progress, quality, safety, cost and green construction through BIM technology for information management of projects, making it more convenient for owners and construction unit staff to software application, thus greatly improving the communication and use efficiency, and providing important guidance for the construction process control and progress control of the project.

Tertiary Student Intention in Agricultural Sector Using Technology in Order to Maintain Food Security in West Java

Food security is urgently needed in 2050. Facing current conditions, the agricultural industry in Indonesia no longer appeals to the younger generation, and many farmers are elderly; the challenge of limited land, human resources, and falling farmer regeneration is a global one. This study investigates the desire of tertiary students in West Java, Indonesia, to pursue a profession in agriculture. The study's goal is to identify the elements influencing tertiary students' intentions to contribute or pursue a profession in agriculture, the correlation between those factors, and the things that may boost tertiary students' desire in continuing their career in agriculture. The study will look at the effects of a student's income, land availability and ownership, the student's parents' background in a specific demographic, and the influence of contemporary agricultural technology and data. Using quantitative research design and ordinal logistic regression analysis method, the study found that the father's education, willingness lives in the village, and the data-driven agriculture variable influenced tertiary students' interest in the agricultural industry. Keywords: Agricultural sector, food security, intention, technology usage, tertiary students.

Synthesis of a control system for the process of diesel fuel hydropuring with the Adar method

Currently, one of the main important tasks at oil refineries is to increase their productivity and product quality. Hydrotreating of diesel fuel is important in the oil refining process. The main purpose of hydrotreating is to improve the quality of fuel and remove sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds from it. The diesel fuel hydrotreating process has a significant impact on product quality. As an object of study, a chemical reactor has a nonlinear characteristic and has the property of a reverse chemical reaction during the hydrotreating of diesel fuel. Also, the diesel fuel hydrotreating process is considered a nonlinear and multidimensional control object, and all its parameters cannot be measured online. Therefore, a mathematical model was developed that takes into account the features of the technological process that arises when creating a highly efficient control system. The article deals with the synthesis of effective algorithms for controlling a chemical reactor and developed a synergistic controller for a class of indefinite nonlinear dynamic systems. The synthesis of control laws is performed by the method of analytical design of aggregated controllers (ADAR).

Dynotest Design Analysis for Electrical Converted Vehicles

The study comprises dynotest design and analysis to measure torque and horsepower. Basically, a dynotest carried out by apply certain load to the axle of a combustion motor through the braking mechanism of its crankshaft. Due to the high price of a Dynotest unit in the market, it is relatively difficult for a developing institution to own it on their site. The study target to design a simple and good accurate Dynotest within a reasonable price. The study used a common standard method for design analysis which rely on function and structural approach. Functionally, Dynotest is designed to be used to an ouput of an electical motor. Loading on motor shaft was done by disc brake braking mechanism. Structurally, Dynotest was designed to use rollers. As a main component, its mounting construction is connected to a motor to generate electrical power. Power transmitted from the motor to Dynotest through a center joint shaft, torque measured by load cell while the rotation of shaft itself counted by a digital tachometer. Test result show that electricity was produced from the simple construction and Dynotest functioned well in measuring it. Measurement data of roller support shaft performance showed a motor torque performance curve which are similar with the typical of similar Dynotest. Construction Test done by applying Solid Work software analysis to some components partially on rollers and on the construction assembly as a whole unit

Synthesis and analysis of the laws of automatic landing control of an unmanned aircraft on a landing gear

In this research we obtained the flight control laws for an unmanned aircraft at the landing stage, and performed an analysis of their performance under the action of a wind disturbance. The landing trajectory consists of sections of straight-line descent and exponential alignment. Stabilization on the trajectory is carried out according to a proportional law with constant coefficients obtained by the method of optimal regulators analytical design. The wind speed was taken into account as the sum of the average horizontal component, considering the vertical shear, the turbulent component and discrete vertical gusts. The maximum permissible wind speeds are determined taking into account the restrictions on the motion parameters at the touchdown point. Their value depends on the direction and corresponds to five points.
 The article shows graphs of changes in motion parameters during landing under the action of a tailwind, headwind and vertical wind, as well as graphs of changes in the position of controls. We also indicated the statistical characteristics of the vertical speed of touching the landing site, as well as errors in the longitudinal coordinate of the touchdown point for the maximum allowable wind speeds.

Investigations on design limits and improved material utilization of press-fit connections using elastic-plastic design

Today, there are a number of analytical and numerical calculation methods for the elastic-plastic design of press-fit connections. However, these are largely constrained by their restriction to elastic-ideal-plastic material behavior. In addition, recommendations for limiting the plasticized hub cross section that have been provided to date do not exploit the full potential of the materials, with the result that opportunities for lightweight design and improved transmission capacity have remained unused so far. Yet, no experimental validations exist to this end, which is why the existing design method could not be validated until today. In addition, there is still a lack of research on how to evaluate the potential for increasing the force and torque transmission under consideration of the strain hardening of the material during plastic deformation. The lack of knowledge today prevents a targeted design and thereby the industrial application of this type of connection; the transmission capacity and lightweight design potentials have thus remained unused until now (Kröger and Binz, 2020). This article presents the actual design and joining limits of hubs made of EN AW-5083 (AlMg4,5Mn), which were determined as part of an Industrial Collective Research (IGF) project. This allows the hub materials to be better utilized, which leads to a reduction in mass and/or an increase in the force and torque transmission. In addition, the experimental validation of the numerical investigations helps to establish the design method in industrial practice.

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Current Status and Future Prospects

Offshore wind energy is a sustainable renewable energy source that is acquired by harnessing the force of the wind offshore, where the absence of obstructions allows the wind to travel at higher and more steady speeds. Offshore wind has recently grown in popularity because wind energy is more powerful offshore than on land. Prior to the development of floating structures, wind turbines could not be deployed in particularly deep or complicated seabed locations since they were dependent on fixed structures. With the advent of floating structures, which are moored to the seabed using flexible anchors, chains, or steel cables, wind turbines can now be placed far offshore. The deployment of floating wind turbines in deep waters is encouraged by several benefits, including steadier winds, less visual impact, and flexible acoustic noise requirements. A thorough understanding of the physics underlying the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbines, as well as various design principles and analysis methods, is necessary to fully compete with traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels. The present work offers a comprehensive review of the most recent state-of-the-art developments in the offshore wind turbine technology, including aerodynamics, hydromechanics, mooring, ice, and inertial loads. The existing design concepts and numerical models used to simulate the complex wind turbine dynamics are also presented, and their capabilities and limitations are discussed in detail.

Study on structural parameter design and life analysis of large four-point contact ball bearing channel

Abstract Because of its large structure and strong bearing capacity, large rolling bearings are mainly used on low-speed and heavy-duty occasions. At present, the analysis and Research on large rolling bearings include load distribution, bearing capacity, bearing service life and bearing structure optimisation. Taking the large four-point contact bearing as an example, this performance studies the method of channel structure parameter design and life analysis. First, the structure and simplified model of four-point contact ball bearings are designed, and then the life analysis and calculation model is defined through analysis. Through the analysis of bearing finite element calculation results, the parameter optimisation of bearing channel spacing and channel curvature radius coefficient is studied, and the parameter design is carried out. Finally, the fatigue life analysis shows that the calculation result of the stress life model is 1.699 times that of strain life. The research results have guiding significance for the design of large four-point contact ball bearing and its supporting structure.

RESPON STRUKTUR AKIBAT PENEMPATAN DILATASI PADA BANGUNAN DENGAN KETIDAKBERATURAN HORIZONTAL

The placement of dilation in the building structure with horizontal irregularity causes a different response to the structure during an earthquake, because the structure is divided into several individual structures that stand alone so that they are different from the original structure. The proper placement of the dilation in a building will reduce the risk of collapse of the building during an earthquake as well potentially making structures simpler and more efficient. This study uses the design analysis method to compare the earthquake shear force, structural response, and internal forces in the structure due to the placement of the X-direction and Y-direction Dilatation. greater than the X direction dilatation, which is 42% in the X direction and 38% in the Y direction. The deviation that occurs in the Y direction dilation is greater than the X direction dilatation. X, but the internal force due to the Y direction of dilation on the beam is greater than the X direction dilation placement. So that the use of the Y direction dilation is slightly better than the use of the X direction dilatation in several things, such as the earthquake force and the inner force on the smaller column.

Aerodynamics Study of The Formula SAE Car using Analytical Approach

This paper presents the process of developing an aerodynamics package and a suspension system for a Formula SAE race car, with the help of computational methods for the aerodynamics design and analytical methods for the suspension design. Aerodynamics package involving Front and Rear wings and a suspension system involving a strut activated damper with double wishbones is developed. Vehicle parameters such as wheelbase, track width, etc. and the geometry for the front and rear wings are specified by conducting a review of the SAE rule book. 2D CFD simulations are performed on a wide range of high lift low Reynolds number Airfoils at various geometric configurations to select an airfoil configuration with best performance characteristics. 3D models of front and rear wings are made from the data obtained from 2D simulations to conduct 3D simulations of the wings and the entire assembly of the car with and without the wings. A kinematic analysis is performed on the suspension system since it plays a very important role in the dynamics of the vehicle. Data obtained from the aero simulations and suspension analysis is analyzed in a lap time simulator to predict and compare the performance and lap times of the car with and without the aerodynamic package.