Continuous Sampling Method Research Articles

Features of the language of Platon Oyunsky's poetic works

The study of the linguistic and stylistic features of works, both in scholarly and practical terms, is relevant for stimulating the further development and improvement of the stylistic capabilities of the writer's language. The study of the linguistic richness of the poetic works by Platon Alekseevich Sleptsov-Oyunsky (1893-1939), one of the founders of Yakut Soviet literature, poet, prose writer, playwright and philologist, and his stylistic and artistic-visual means makes it possible not only to deeply and comprehensively evaluate the poet's works, but also helps to study the Yakut literary language, as well as the state of the art of the word of the first half of the twentieth century. In the Oyunsky’s poetry, the rich pictorial possibilities and artistic forms of the Yakut vocabulary are revealed. The language of Oyunsky's poetic works forms a peculiar style of the writer, which determines the ideas, thoughts of the poet, his mood. The material for studying the language of Oyunsky's poetry was the texts of the poet's poetic works from the book "Selected Works" (volume 1, 1992). The study used the method of continuous sampling and the descriptive method. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the special, heroic, revolutionary style of the poet was created through his use of neologisms, paired, doubled words, synonyms, antonyms. Sensitivity to language, characteristic of the poet, is clearly manifested in the diverse implementation of linguistic means. In the Oyunsky’s poetry, semantic, lexical and stylistic innovations of general artistic means of expression are widely used.

SUBDIALECTAL DISCOURSE AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS MENTAL CONTINUUM IN THE LENS OF THE MODERN LINGUISTIC PARADIGM

The article is devoted to the study of specific features of subdialectal discourse and its mental continuum, viewed through the prism of modern linguistic theories. The purpose of the research is to study and describe the functioning and structure features, as well as the specifics of the linguarium of subdialectal discourse. The object of the study is the subdialectal discourse, which covers speech practices recorded in the village of Pishchanyi Brid, Novoukrainskyi district, Kirovohrad region. The subject of the study is the mental continuum of the subdialect speakers, which includes knowledge, perceptions and assessments related to various aspects of their lives. The source of the study was the speech recordings of the native speakers, i.e. the textual corpus of the subdialect. The methods used in the study were modelling, hypothetical method, deductive and inductive methods, descriptive method, observation method, taxonomic method, and continuous sampling method. The peculiarity of the study of subdialectal speech in discourse studies lies in the analysis of the composition of usages, the specifics of the composition of the linguarium and its influence on the structure of discourse, expression of thoughts, interaction of speakers and the formation of the ethnographic identity of peasants who speak the subdialect. The discourse approach allows us to better understand the speech process in a specific socio-cultural and geographical setting, as well as the interaction of speakers within the dialect environment. It involves analysing the discourse of the language group in question, identifying specific lexical, grammatical and phonetic features that are characteristic of certain socio-cultural groups. The metalinguistic interpretation of discourse types in the linguistic paradigm presents dialectal discourse as a reflection of real language use, a set of idiolects and an indicator of changes in the language. The household, ceremonial, religious and existential knowledge contained in the dialect discourse is critical to the well-being and cultural integrity of rural communities. In particular, household knowledge encompasses practical skills in housekeeping, agriculture and crafts. Ceremonial and religious knowledge includes traditions, rituals and beliefs that support the spiritual life and cultural identity of the community, and existential knowledge is related to the understanding of life, death and moral values, helping community members navigate difficult life situations. Prospects for the study include a meta-analysis of dialectal discourse, which can be expressed in different ways in individual subdialects, the development of new methods for studying dialectal language in the digital environment, and the integration of interdisciplinary approaches for a deeper understanding of speech practices and cultural characteristics of speakers.

Annual emissions of N2O, NO, HONO, and NH3 from maize-wheat fields in the North China Plain

Fertilized agricultural soil is a significant source of gaseous nitrogen compounds (GNCs), including N2O, NO, HONO, and NH3. The North China Plain (NCP) is the “hot region” for the release of these GNCs due to intensive fertilization practices. However, existing research has primarily focused on N2O emissions from fertilized farmland in the NCP, lacking comprehensive observational studies on other GNCs. Therefore, a continuous cumulative sampling technique (open-top dynamic chamber system) was utilized in this study to simultaneously measure the exchange fluxes of N2O, NO, HONO, and NH3 over summer maize-winter wheat rotation fields in the NCP. Results showed that GNC emissions from the soil displayed distinct diurnal variations, with higher emissions during the day attributed to elevated soil temperature. However, N2O emissions remained consistent between day and night, potentially influenced not only by soil temperature but also by soil humidity. Annual cumulative emissions and emission factors (EFs) for four GNCs were determined, indicating that N2O, NO, and NH3 emissions during the maize season were 1.38–2.37 times higher than those during the wheat season, with 98 % of HONO emissions occurring in the maize season. Additionally, the study first presented the annual HONO EFs of 0.36 ± 0.03 % in fertilized farmland. Furthermore, a comparison revealed that the fluxes of N2O, NO, NH3, and HONO using the conventional single-point sampling method were 26.4 %, 13.9 %, and 8.10 % lower, and 7.86 % higher compared to the continuous cumulative sampling method recommended in this study. In general, this study provided precise measurements of GNC emissions from farmland, offering essential foundational data for modeling parameters and contributing to the formulation of regional air pollution prevention and control policies.

MULTICOMPONENCE AS A STRUCTURAL PECULIARITY OF MILITARY TERMS IN FOREIGN MASS MEDIA INTO RUSSIAN TRANSLATION

This article delves into the important analysis of the structural peculiarities of multicomponent military terms, a topic of increasing importance due to the need to describe professional objects and concepts, identify complex ideas, and unearth new dimensions of the studied phenomena. The prevalence of multicomponent terminology in foreign mass media resources underscores its significance in the media landscape. The purpose of the article is to explore the structural characteristics of multicomponent military terms extracted from mass media sources, providing a Russian translation. We also seek to identify the primary formulas and constituent components of these terms. By doing so, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of how English military terms can be formed and the development of a terminological dictionary that will include the latest examples of multicomponent military terms. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its focus on a particular and specialized domain of terminological studies, which will help to comprehend the challenges associated with understanding the structural and semantic features of multicomponent military terms, their word formation and constituent components frequently used in their structural models. The results obtained can also serve as a foundation for other fields of terminology.The research methodology is a combination of different research methods, such as the method of continuous sampling, component analysis, and word-formation analysis, which are used to analyze the selected material, and the quantitative approach helps to deal with the numerical data. The systematized examples of multicomponent military terms, categorized into two-, three-, and four-component terms and compound terms with hyphenated spelling, are accompanied by the corresponding translation. The findings of this research will equip translators, researchers, and practitioners with a deeper understanding of the challenges and strategies involved in analyzing the structural models of multicomponent military terms, thereby enhancing their professional capabilities.

Особенности перевода диалогической коммуникации в видеоигре “Cyberpunk 2077” в языковой паре «английский – русский»

The paper examines the specifics of video game localization from English into Russian, focusing on the translation of dialogic communication in the video game “Cyberpunk 2077”. The research aims to identify the optimal translation technology for character lines in the game’s universe by describing the most frequent techniques for localizing verbal content. The research material includes original and translated text fragments of dialogues of the main characters from the video game “Cyberpunk 2077”, as well as its DLC “Cyberpunk 2077: Phantom Liberty”, obtained using a continuous sampling method for a total of 85,000 characters. The scientific novelty of the research lies in systematizing the lexical-stylistic and syntactic means of realizing the pragmatic potential of the video game in dialogic communication in the studied language pair. It has been found that during the translation and localization of the video game, translators employ translation techniques such as semantic development, conceptual adaptation, antonymic translation, omission, transcription, and calquing. In the translation process, special attention should be paid to the rules of the in-game universe, the specifics of the video game genre, and its game mechanics. The research findings have shown that the emergence of semantic inaccuracies during the translation of dialogic communication in video games is due to a number of syntactic, lexical, and stylistic features of the original game, including non-linear dialogues with the choice of lines, interjections, pseudo-realia, dialectalisms, and Easter eggs. The adequacy of the sounding text takes precedence in the localization of the video game “Cyberpunk 2077”.

TERMINOLOGYOF MANAGEMENT IN THE DISCOURSE SPACE (BASED ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE)

The article is devoted to the study of the English terminological system in the field of management with regard to aspects of the structure and semantics of its components. The typology of cognitive-linguistic and institutional features that distinguish management discourse from other discursive types is explored. A comprehensive analysis of the main ways of forming management terms is carried out, among which morphological derivation, compounding and abbreviation are highlighted. The reasons that determine the dominant role of compounding in management terminology are established. The most frequent morpho-grammatical models in the discursive space of management are identified. Attention is focused on the syntactic status of such terminological units, which allows us to assert that multicomponent terms represent one member of a sentence that does not have synonyms, which fundamentally makes them different from free phrases. Extralinguistic and intralinguistic factors that determine the specifics of the formation of the terminological layer of the lexical system of a language are also explored. Based on the analysis of practical material with its integrative connection to the structural and compositional realities of the modern discursive space of management, the authors of the article propose a comprehensive structural and thematic stratification of terminological units, which allows us to study the conceptual apparatus and trace the main algorithms of the hierarchical interaction of terms of each of the identified structural and thematic segments. Using the continuous sampling method, five structural and thematic groups are identified and stratified, which allows us to conclude that the term management system is a consciously constructed system, divided into flexible and open terminological fields. A statistical analysis is carried out to establish the frequency of use of terminological units of structural and thematic subsystems of the general management terminological system in the discursive space of business. The distinctive feature of abbreviations is investigated, which is represented by a high level of consistency and hierarchy of correlations between abbreviation terms.

FUNCTIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN UZBEK BUSINESS DISCOURSE

This article explores the functions of phraseological units (PUs) in Uzbek business discourse, shedding light on their role in cultural and linguistic contexts. Phraseological units, which include idioms, collocations, and proverbs, are essential in conveying nuanced meanings, expressing cultural values, and enhancing communication efficacy in business interactions. The research employs a combination of continuous sampling, systematization, component analysis, and discourse analysis methods, supported by a review of both domestic and international literature on phraseology and business communication. Findings reveal that in Uzbek business discourse, PUs serve multiple functions: they reflect cultural values, such as respect and community orientation; facilitate indirect and polite communication; and employ metaphors drawn from traditional contexts like agriculture. Specific examples include idioms and proverbs that emphasize hard work, strategic thinking, and resilience. The study concludes that PUs are integral to effective business communication in Uzbekistan, enhancing rapport, persuasion, and understanding. The ongoing integration of traditional phraseology with modern business practices continues to evolve, underscoring the dynamic nature of Uzbek business discourse.

Реконтекстуалізація в перекладі студентського сленгу

Student slang as a secondary communication system is used by students exclusively in the context of informal conversation, since slang units cannot be used appropriately without knowing specific university terminology. The difficulty of translating such profanity is caused by the need for recontextualization – the translator's reconstruction of the source and target text contexts. The study of student slang words, in particular the techniques of translating them from English into Ukrainian, is relevant due to the dynamic nature of student slang, as well as the expansion of the boundaries of contemporary academic mobility of students. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of using the recontextualization strategy in the main techniques of translating student slang from English into Ukrainian. The integrated study of recontextualization in student slang translation involved the application of the following methods: the method of continuous sampling (for assembling slang units from student web-blogs), the method of descriptive observation (for defining possible techniques of translating student slang), methods of analysis and synthesis (for singling out lexical and stylistic peculiarities of student slang translation and formulation of conclusions). Results. Within the framework of sociocognitive approach, context is considered to be a special mental construct generated by participants in their episodic memory in the course of communicative interaction. The relevant constituents of the unique, subjective and dynamic context model include the sender and receiver of the message, their relationship, personal (situational) and sociocultural knowledge, evaluations and emotions, place and time of communication. A translator as a mediator of communicative interaction between the sender and the receiver of the message, also constructs a context model. Effective translation activity is possible only if the peculiarities of the context models of both the sender and the receiver of the message are taken into account. That is why the translator's context model is formed by incorporating the context models of both communicative partners into an integrated context model. Recontextualization as a linguistic and cognitive operation is aimed at reconstructing a communicative situation in the conceptual coordinates of communicative partners. Recontextualization in translation is a comprehensive translation strategy that affects all structural and communicative levels of the text and is used to adapt the translated text to the conditions acceptable in the target environment and the pragmatics of bilingual interaction. The strategy of recontextualization in student slang translation includes several stages: reconstructing the integrated context model that will resonate with the usual, everyday conditions of student life; domesticating the source text through analogy and specification; using appropriate translation techniques and transformations to reproduce the meaning of student slang in the target language. A comprehensive analysis of the illustrative material proved that the strategy of recontextualization involves such most frequent techniques of translating student slang as the search for appropriate equivalents in the target language, descriptive translation, explication and calquing. The highlighting stylistic features of translating student slang include metaphor, metonymy and antonomasia. The stylistic load of student slang often causes translation difficulties, since the strategy of recontextualization requires the involvement of a wide range of not only situational background, but also encyclopaedic knowledge. Originality. The article presents the attempt of making a deep insight into the application of the recontextualization strategy in translating student slang from English into Ukrainian. Conclusion. The results of the study prove that student slang is a multifaceted and emotionally coloured linguistic phenomenon that serves not only as a means of communication but also as a kind of sypher encoded in a mosaic of words and phrases. The strategy of recontextualization as a multi-stage linguistic and cognitive operation is focused on the reconstruction of the communicative situation by the translator in order to adapt the target text and adequately translate slang units. It is proved that the main techniques of translating student slang from English into Ukrainian are the search for appropriate equivalents in the target language, descriptive translation, explication and calquing. Metaphor, metonymy and antonomasia are the most effective and frequent stylistic means aimed at fulfilling the pragmatic function of slang units. We consider the study of possible ways of translating student abbreviations and phraseological units from English into Ukrainian to be much promising.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SPECIFIC ENGLISH ALLITERATION IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE NAMES AND ADVERTISING SLOGANS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of specific English-language alliteration in Russian-language ergonyms and advertising slogans. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree of emotional impact of this stylistic device on native Russian speakers and, as a result, its effectiveness for use in creating ergonyms and advertising slogans in the Russian language. The objectives of this study include the analysis of differences in approaches to the definition of the stylistic device “alliteration” in the English-speaking and Russianspeaking linguistic traditions; collection and analysis of Russian-language ergonyms and advertising slogans, built on the basis of specific English alliteration, by the method of continuous sampling. The research also looks into the functions of alliteration techniques in the Russian-language ergonyms and slogans, includes a sociolinguistic survey in the form of a questionnaire among 125 native speakers of the Russian language aged 18 to 40, of different professions, with University degrees. The paper provides examples of Russian-language names and advertising slogans created using specific English alliteration. The results of the study indicate that specific English alliteration plays a role in promoting the attractive and aesthetic functions through ergonyms. The analysis of the sociolinguistic questionnaire showed that in five out of the seven proposed categories, the survey participants preferred ergonyms and advertising slogans created using this technique. Taking into account the results of the study it can be concluded, that today a specific English alliteration is an effective linguistic technique used in the Russian language for creating ergonyms and advertising slogans.

Ladder locus in Chekhov’s work of 1890s–1900s: from the spiritual to the obscene

The research focuses on studying the structure of the ladder locus in Chekhov’s works of the 1890s–1900s, fixing non-classical shifts in the structure of the locus and assessing their amount. Using the historical and literary approach (M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. M. Lotman, and D. S. Likhachev), the author continues the study of the symbolic potential of Chekhov’s creativity, started by A. P. Chudakov, I. N. Sukhoi, and S. A. Komarov. In spatial terms, the article relies on M. O. Goryacheva and N. E. Razumova’s research. Using the continuous sampling method, 56 fragments from 1888 to 1903 were selected, 32 fragments were analyzed. The results show that when creating the author’s myth, Chekhov relies on the folklore, biblical context, imagery of Nietzsche, Merezhkovsky, Griboyedov, Gogol, and Dostoevsky; he creatively rethinks the material of the sources. Three individual author’s motives related to the ladder locus are identified: 1) the motive of the shameful and obscene, 2) falling down the stairs, and 3) the vertical gap. The analysis of the structure of the Chekhov ladder locus confirms the conclusions drawn earlier on the material of other spatial units: the topos of the garden, forest, manor, and the locus of the bench. The non-classical nature of spaces in the late creative period of the writer leads to the need to remove the attitude towards the realism of Chekhov’s texts and indicates the beginning of the modernization process in Russian literature in the last decade of the 19th c.

The spectrum of infections identified in pregnant women with different types of fetal growth restriction

BACKGROUND: Bacterial, viral and protozoal infections can cause miscarriage, antenatal death, congenital organ abnormalities or other limited consequences depending on the pathogen. The role of infection processes identified during pregnancy on placental pathology and fetal growth restriction. AIM: The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of infections identified in pregnant women with different types of fetal growth restriction, as well as to assess a potential impact of identified infections on the outcomes of fetal growth restriction in newborns in the same groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of outcomes for 394 pregnant women with an established diagnosis of fetal growth restriction, who had given birth from 2018 to 2022 in the Perinatal Center of the Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital. Maternal and neonatal case histories were obtained using a continuous sampling method. Considering the transition to new criteria for establishing the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction in Russia, we formed four study groups, of which only 139 cases met the Delphi criteria of clinical guidelines by Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2021. In the selected groups, we analyzed the results of microscopic and microbiological tests of various localizations in mothers during antepartum examination, as well as postpartum examination of the placenta and culture tests in newborns in their relation to adverse outcomes. RESULTS: A high prevalence (25–70.4%) of positive bacteriological findings was revealed in all of the study groups. The frequency was highest in the group of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction before 32 weeks (90–92%). Combined infections (two or more localizations) were noted in 59.2% of pregnant women in groups with early fetal growth restriction compared to 23.3% in late fetal growth restriction groups. In all cases, we observed a direct relationship between the severity of fetal growth restriction and the prevalence of infections. The range of infections identified during routine examination of pregnant women is quite limited; Candida spp. (from 40.8% in the control group to 75% in the comparison group), Escherichia coli (from 22.9 to 33.3%, respectively), and Chlamydia trachomatis (from 4.5 to 23.5%, respectively) being identified most commonly. In a morphological study of the placenta, infectious and inflammatory lesions were the most significant and ranged from 100 to 81.4% of cases in groups with early and late fetal growth restriction, respectively, with signs of hematogenous transmission prevailed. When analyzing infectious lesions in fetuses, we have found the presence of three and more localizations of the infectious process in 90 to 45% of cases with a fatal outcome for early and late fetal growth restriction, respectively. In the control groups, similar rates were 40 and 15.8%. When assessing the distribution of various types of infectious process in newborns, Candida spp., Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis also took the lead in all cases. However, the percentage of the same etiology of maternal and neonatal infections turned out to be very low (from 0 to 31% for individual pathogens), which makes it difficult to apply preventive treatment during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Authors identified indirect but numerous signs of significant involvement of infectious processes in the development of fetal growth restriction, especially its early type, as well as the influence of infections on the outcomes for such newborns. In most cases, infectious processes during pregnancy are subclinical. Current screening of pregnant women is insufficient to identify high-risk groups. Examination of pregnant women for infections carried out by culture tests provide low-component and, most likely, incomplete information.

Biblical names in Ukraine: regional Aspects

This paper presents a study of the Biblical names in regional and historical aspects. Throughout history the Bible has served as the most important religious book for many people. As a result, the Bible has had a significant impact on various aspects of culture, education, and traditions. Ukraine has been characterized by the use of the Biblical names since the adoption of Christianity which influenced on the whole history of the state. Since Biblical personal names are both the lexical units and the symbols, it is interesting to see the presence of these names in different regions and epochs. The present study aims at pointing out at regional aspects of Biblical personal names. The paper provides a brief overview of naming trends in the assignment of Biblical names and Christian names in Ukraine. Our database of all names was fed the names of 2,000 people. The material is taken from the list of students who studied at Odesa State Agrarian University from 2014-2024 with the help of a continuous sampling method. The methodology, both statistical and qualitative, had two phases: a) comparison of the ratio of Biblical names to non-Biblical names, and b) classification of discovered Biblical names. This research is just one aspect of a series of investigations whose goal is to describe the anthroponomical system of Odesa, Ukraine in diachronic and synchronic format. The findings suggest that personal names with Biblical origin continue to be widely used in Ukraine. We emphasize that the study of anthroponyms in different regions and epochs is a valuable tool for understanding the history and cultural traditions of Ukraine. Therefore, the importance of onomastics as an interdisciplinary science affecting History, Sociology, Theology, Literature, and regional studies in the research of the Biblical names in current and past Ukraine is shown. This study draws upon three theoretical frameworks: anthroponomastics (Felecan & Mihali, 2023; Piddubna, 2021, etc.), socio-onomastics (Ainiala, 2016; Beley, 2019, etc.), and the regional onomastics (Braychenko, 2019; Buga, 2013; Chuchka, 1970; Frai, 2021; Matsyuk, 2021; Sholia, 2018, etc.).

THE VERBALIZATION OF EMOTIONS IN ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

The article is devoted to the study of emotive phraseological units of the modern English language, which reveal universal properties of human language ability, culturally determined differences in its organization and functioning, reflection in language of correlations between emotions and the psychophysiological state of the human body. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the semantics of emotive phraseological units, defines the somatic component in the composition of phraseological units that denote human emotions. Various models of negative and positive emotional actions, which are objectified in phraseological units, are identified, verbal and non-verbal means of expressing emotions in phraseological units are considered. The results of the semantic analysis are given, which testify to the universality and reveal the specific features of the verbalization of emotions in the English-speaking culture. The research material contains English idioms denoting negative and positive human emotions, selected by the method of continuous sampling from monolingual English dictionaries.

ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY IN EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

An analysis of the main provisions and terms in accordance with domestic and international standards in the field of occupational health and safety of employees (hereinafter referred to as OSH) and risk management was carried out in order to avoid different interpretations in the draft Law on Occupational Safety and Health of Employees. To achieve this goal, the continuous sampling method, the descriptive method, the method of analyzing dictionary definitions, the method of word formation analysis, and the comparative method of component analysis were used. The study was conducted in four stages: analysis of the literature on occupational safety and health protection of workers; selection of terms for analysis; analysis of approaches to defining the concepts of "term", "terminology", analysis of lexical-semantic and structural features of terms; formation of general conclusions and prospects for further research. The justification of the change in the definitions of the main terms in OSH was carried out. It is proposed to present OSH at work as a part of the overall management system of the employer's activities, which is aimed at creating safe working conditions for employees and preserving their health by managing occupational risks. We recommend adding the concept of accident to the terms in the draft Law of Ukraine on occupational safety and health of workers, since the Procedure for Investigations and The Civil Protection Code of Ukraine defines the specified term. It is proposed to define occupational risk as a combination of the probability of occurrence of a work-related hazardous event(s) or exposure(s) and the severity of injury and health impairment that may be caused by this event(s) or exposure(s); occupational risk assessment as a process of comparing the results of occupational risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the occupational risk and/or its magnitude is acceptable (acceptable); occupational risk management is preventive and protective measures that reduce and/or modify (change) occupational risk to an acceptable (acceptable) level. The justification of the semantic load of the most used terms in the field of occupational safety and health protection of workers: risk, risk management, acceptable risk, dangerous event, incident was carried out for their qualitative use in the draft Law on Occupational Safety and Health of Workers. Recommendations for the description of terms and definitions for the draft Law of Ukraine on occupational safety and health of workers have been developed.

Features of Modern Comic Advertising

The purpose of this article is to analyze the texts of modern advertising with comic elements. Modern advertising is increasingly using various pragmatic strategies aimed at evoking emotions in the addressee. One of the effective ways to achieve this goal is to use humor and create a comic effect. Humor helps to attract the audience's attention and remember the advertising message. Advertising texts often use a variety of linguistic techniques and play with linguistic devices to achieve their goals. Speech polysemy of linguistic means, along with homonymy, functional syncretism, play with words, comic images and situations most often become the cause of the comic. In the analysis of advertising texts, the continuous sampling method was used. Its use helped to select more than 50 advertising texts with comic overtones. Quantitative analysis was used to quantify advertisements with comic elements and to survey men and women to determine the impact of such advertisements on their daily lives. During the research, it was revealed that advertising with comic elements is capable of more fully, informatively and clearly conveying information, emotions and values through a combination of verbal and non-verbal elements, taking into account the preferences and expectations of the target audience. The article can be used as an application for students of advertising science, some aspects of modern journalism and comic literature.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PECUARITIES OF THE EPITHET IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES (BASED ON THE TALES OF O. WILDE AND M.E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN)

Background. Studying and understanding stylistic devices, and, in particular, the epithet, is an integral part of the world linguistic picture. The epithet is inextricably linked with all literary works and is therefore a key part of any language. It reveals the attitude of native speakers to certain phenomena, which is manifested in the use of words stable for epithets. However, the lack of certainty in various aspects of the study of the epithet determines the need for its further study. The subject of the study is the linguistic and stylistic features of the epithet in English and Russian fairy tales. Purpose. The article identifies and compares the linguistic and stylistic features of epithets in the English and Russian fairy tales. Materials and methods: The material for the study comprises 150 epithets from the fairy tales of O. Wilde the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. When analyzing the material, the following methods of linguistic analysis were used: semantic, stylistic, cultural, comparative and quantitative analysis, as well as the continuous sampling method. Results. As a result of a comparative study, identical and distinctive pecularities of epithets in two languages were identified. It was determined that the stylistic characteristics of epithets are largely similar, but it is emphasized that the English-language epithets are more unique and concise than Russian-language ones, which, in turn, are characterized by repetition and figurative meaning. In the English-language examples, there was greater neutrality and an emphasis on the positive and neutral qualities of the characters. Negative connotations were noted in the Russian-language epithets. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the study of the courses in stylistics, foreign literature, as well as in foreign language classes.

FREQUENT CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS BY THE FORMATION OF THE IRAQ IMAGE IN THE GERMAN FEDERAL MEDIA

The conceptual metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon defining our perception and evaluation has a rich research tradition. Against the background of modern selective ideologized information and information fatigue of the mass addressee, interest in conceptual metaphor as a tool for discursive construction of social reality, including the formation and replication of the media image of the country, its stereotyping, is increasing. The purpose of the study is to identify the leading conceptual metaphors in the formation of the image of Iraq in the German federal media, to characterize their nominative fields, to identify the features they introduce into the portrait of the country. Methodology. The material of the analysis is the publications of the German federal media devoted to Iraq in the period from 2019 to the present. The object of the analysis is the contexts selected by the continuous sampling method for the implementation of frequency conceptual metaphors. Contextual, definitional analysis and quantitative calculations are used. Results. As the main conceptual metaphors involved in the formation of the image of Iraq, the metaphors "Iraq is a place of uncontrolled power", "Iraq is a living being", "Iraq is an incomplete whole", "Iraq is a theater" are highlighted. The first metaphor is dominant in terms of frequency and density of the nominative field; the least productive is the last of the named metaphors. Metaphors are implemented by constituents of certain semantic fields, and they introduce significant features into the created portrait of the country. Practical implications. The results obtained contribute to the further development of imagology, the study of discursive, metaphorical construction of reality, the relationship of mental, linguistic and social processes; they can be used in the training of specialists in the field of political communication, monitoring of media and social processes, and can also be useful to political technologists.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ В ЭПИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (на материале якутского и алтайского эпических текстов)

This article is devoted to the identification of universal and national values in the epic texts Mighty Er Sogotokh and Maadai-Kara. The relevance of the study of the problem is due to the growing interest in the comparative study of linguistic and cultural features in multi-system languages based on the material of epic texts. The following methods are used in the work: the continuous sampling method, linguistic and cultural and interpretative analyses, and the comparative method. The material for the analysis was extracted by a continuous sampling method from the original texts of epic tales, provided with a line-by-line translation into Russian. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe universal and national-specific attitudes in the value perception of the surrounding world, reflected in the linguistic units of epic tales. The study revealed that both texts enshrine such basic values as family, attention to people, safety, respect for parents, Homeland, justice, health, etc., which show their relative stability in the temporal and spatial dimensions. The vital, cultural, moral, spiritual, terminal, and other values available in each community exist collectively in one context. It is also revealed that the life-affirming imperative is translated from the position of the characters, for example, the father and mother of the main characters or on behalf of the mistress of Altai, who have significant experience in pragmatic communication with the outside world and the nature of the worldview of the inhabitants of the space of their existence. Thus, a general picture of values is formed for transmission to the inexperienced, the young, or those who are looking for value supports to know themselves and others, are in search of answers to the multifaceted questions of human existence, etc. The prospect of further work is seen in a more detailed and in-depth development of the dominant values that determine the norms of behavior in various discursive practices of related languages.

Имплицитные обещания в русском политическом дискурсе

<p>The relevance of the research is due to the significant practical and theoretical interest in implicitness, in particular, to the functioning of implicit promises in Russian political discourse. The article presents the results of an experiment conducted by the author in 2023–2024 in order to identify the linguistic characteristics of an implicit political promise in Russian, describe and evaluate the impact of polymodality on the perception of a promissive textotype by the audience. To achieve this goal, methods of continuous computer sampling, questionnaires and critical discourse analysis were used, which allowed to identify lexical markers of the implementation of the intention of a promise in an implicit form in Russian political discourse, as well as to describe the influence of polymodality on the perlocation of a promise. The study sample included mini-texts with a leading promissive intention, selected for the period from 1998 to 2024.</p>

Темпоральные конструкции с наименованием праздников в произведениях И.А. Бунина

<p>Based on the material of the works of I.A. Bunin, the article analyzes temporal constructions, which include the names of holidays. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of the designated temporal units and their functioning in Bunin texts. The paper uses the method of continuous sampling of linguistic material, which helps to obtain the most objective research results. The methods of observation, generalization and interpretation are applied. As a result of the conducted research, a quantitative ratio of relative temporal syntaxes and relative temporal substantive turns with lexemes-names of holidays was revealed. Statistical data are presented in the form of diagrams. It is proved that in the analyzed temporal constructions, primitive prepositions are more often used, representing the antecedence or coincidence with the designated time. The peculiarities of the use of temporal constructions with names of holidays are reflected in I.A. Bunin's idiosyncrasy.</p>