Sociological Methods Research Articles

Качественные методы социологического исследования в рамках сенситивных тематик

The aim of this work is to describe the existing qualitative sociological research methods with a focus on maximizing their potential within the context of sensitive topics. The article explores the functions of qualitative methods, the historical background of their development and implementation in sociology. Furthermore, it delves into the concept of sensitive topics and their specifics, providing a list of suitable methodologies for studying such sociological issues. The study involves the processing of theoretical concepts from a range of authors – both domestic and foreign – who have contributed to the development of qualitative sociological methods in the context of sensitive topics. It is noted that the method of in-depth interviewing has gained recognition as the most effective when applied to sensitive topics. However, it is emphasized that its use is fraught with difficulties not only for respondents but also for researchers, as it exerts significant emotional pressure on both parties. It is concluded that qualitative methods of sociological research demand a high level of expertise from the researcher-practitioner, particularly within sensitive topics. While in-depth interviewing remains a cornerstone approach, its implementation requires sensitivity and skill to navigate complex emotional dynamics. Understanding the nuances of qualitative methods is essential for effectively addressing sensitive sociological issues.

From Effects of Governance to Causes of Epistemic Change

In this paper I argue that the attempts by science studies to identify epistemic effects of new governance instruments have largely failed. I suggest two main reasons for this failure. The first reason is that neither quantitative nor qualitative studies of effects of governance instruments meet the respective methodological standards for establishing causality. While much of this could be repaired, the second reason is more severe: given the complex causal web between governance and knowledge production and the multi-level nature of causation, a strategy that starts from a particular governance instrument and tries to identify its effects cannot work. I propose to reverse this strategy by starting from the observation of epistemic change and applying a strategy of “causal reconstruction” (Mayntz), which identifies the causes of this epistemic change and among them the contribution by governance. This approach has the advantage of starting from well-identified change. Challenges posed by the new approach include the empirical identification of epistemic change and the need to integrate sociological methods in science policy studies.

Using social networks to study the political culture of modern China

The article systematizes the main approaches adopted by a group of researchers from MGIMO University, HSE University and the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, united within the framework of the ”Moscow Project for the Study of Chinese Political Culture”, to investigate the political culture of modern China through the monitoring of social networks. The authors analyze the existing ideas about political culture in the Chinese academic discourse, identify problems in studying the political views of Chinese citizens by traditional sociological methods (surveys, questionnaires). They further explain the relevance of using social network analysis in modern studies of Chinese society, and also describe the methodology they developed for studying social networks using sentiment analysis. The article lays the theoretical and methodological basis for further research on modern Chinese society based on an array of data from Chinese social networks.

Jin Yong's Martial Arts Novels - The Reception Process in Vietnam

Jin Yong is widely regarded as a master and leader of Chinese martial arts novels, and is one of the most influential writers in contemporary Chinese literature. Despite being written over half a century ago, Jin Yong's martial arts novels continue to captivate readers around the world, including in Vietnam. In Vietnam, Jin Yong's novels were translated and studied very early, possessing many unique features, but researchers have not mentioned much about the reception of Jin Yong's novel in Vietnam. Therefore, this article aims to explore the process of translating, disseminating, and researching Jin Yong's martial arts novels in Vietnam, with the intention of highlighting their appeal and influence in both Chinese popular literature and globally. The main research methods used in this article include sociological methods, data statistical analysis methods, and a combination of descriptive analysis and explanation. The sociological method is employed to examine the relationship between society and writers, translators, works, and translations. The article also analyzes Jin Yong's novels by considering the historical and social background of Vietnam in different eras, as well as the aesthetic preferences and requirements of Vietnamese readers. The data statistical analysis method is utilized to obtain a more scientific and reliable understanding of the entry of Chinese martial arts novels and Jin Yong's novels into Vietnam. Additionally, the method that combines descriptive analysis and explanation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the dissemination, translation, and research of Chinese martial arts novels, specifically focusing on Jin Yong's works in Vietnam. From there, the article affirms, the Jin Yong phenomenon in Vietnam can be seen as a phenomenon that evolves with the times. In recent years, the literary, cultural, and historical value of Jin Yong's martial arts novels has been increasingly recognized by Vietnamese readers and researchers. As an important representative of contemporary Chinese literature, Jin Yong's work serves as a crucial foundation for both his own martial arts novels and for Chinese contemporary literature to maintain a significant presence in the world of Vietnamese translated literature.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CERTIFICATE PROGRAM «GLOBAL HEALTH» AS A COMPONENT OF THE TRAINING OF PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALISTS

The aim: to develop a modern certification program "Global Health" for the continuous professional development of public health professionals. Materials and methods. The study employed bibliosemantic, informational-analytical, medical-statistical, sociological methods, and content analysis method. The research program included an analysis of the main competencies of public health professionals, as defined by the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) and the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education; analysis of existing certification programs on global health; conducting sociological surveys of public health professionals regarding priority topics and preferred learning methods. The research was based on normative documents, electronic resources, and the results of sociological research. Statistical processing and mathematical analysis of materials were conducted using statistical analysis methods. Results. It was established that global health issues are significant in shaping the professional competencies of public health professionals, considering the requirements of the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education and those, defined by the European List of Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals ASPHER. The study of these issues was identified as important for continuous professional development based on sociological surveys of disease control and prevention center employees (38.4 out of 100 respondents). Among various forms of education, webinars (62.2±3.8 out of 100 respondents) and online learning (60.4±3.8) are most in demand. Analysis of the obtained data led to the justification of the "Global Health" certification program. In the developed "Global Health" certification program, 26.7% of the workload corresponds to lectures, 33.3% to practical classes, and 40% to preparatory work. Structurally, it covers 2 modules and 8 topics on current issues of the impact of globalization on health and analysis of global health indicators. Conclusions. The "Global Health" certification program meets the requirements of normative documents, considers contemporary challenges and consequences of globalization on health, highlights global health trends, and its topics are in demand among disease control and prevention center professionals.

UTILIZING DIGITAL COMPETENCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

Introduction. Building a robust healthcare system aimed at improving overall population health and a reliable electronic health system requires a corresponding level of proficiency in digital competences (DC) among future healthcare professionals. The relevance of this research lies in the understanding that the effective execution of medical and managerial responsibilities is impossible without an adequate level of DC, and mastering them must occur during the education of future healthcare professionals. The aim. To investigate the levels of proficiency in DC and the understanding of their importance among students enrolled in institutions of higher medical education (IHME) for the development of leadership and management potential during the educational process of future healthcare professionals. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 265 students (1st-6th years) at Dnipro State Medical University. Bibliosemantic and sociological methods were used. Students were grouped by academic year: junior (1-2), middle (3-4), and senior (5-6). Results were analyzed using widely accepted statistical approaches and the integrated development environment Jupyter Notebook (https://jupyter.org/install). A significance level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all hypotheses. Results. According to the obtained data all students, regardless of their academic year, understand the importance of studying digital competences. On average, the overall importance level for all DC was 6.99 (95% CI 6.72-7.26) on a ten-point scale. Proficiency in DC significantly (p=0.002) varied depending on the academic year, with seniors scoring higher than middle (in all aspects) and junior students (for most aspects). No significant differences were found between the proficiency levels of junior and middle students (p>0.05). Proficiency in general DC was significantly higher compared to special medical and cybersecurity DC, both within each group and for all respondents. More than 80% of respondents stated that mastering DC is important for performing managerial functions, with no differences between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Present-day healthcare professionals require a proper level of proficiency in DC. The study demonstrates that students' motivation to learn DC is more than sufficient, but proficiency in special medical and cybersecurity DC needs improvement. The majority of respondents consider mastering DC an integral element in the formation of health-oriented leadership and effective management in healthcare. Mastering of DC should occur systematically with active involvement of IHME in the process.

An approach to the implementation of measures to reduce incidents when receiving and handing over weapons and ammunition

In this study, the author analyzes the causes and factors contributing to the occurrence of situations of unprofessional actions of policemen in handling combat hand-held small arms related to an involuntary shot when receiving and preparing it for service or when handing over weapons at the end of service. The author examines in detail such issues as: -ensuring security when receiving and handing over weapons in the duty station; - the lack of a unified approach, in the order of actions performed with weapons when loading and discharging it in the duty station; - the use of a single algorithm of employee actions and schemes for it, as ways to reduce cases of injury when loading and discharging weapons. The subject of the study is the algorithm of actions of employees when handling weapons when receiving and handing them over in the duty station. The object of the author's research is the professional training of employees of the territorial bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. Research methods: generalization, comparative analysis, included observation; system analysis and synthesis of practical experience of fire training and interdisciplinary literature review on the studied problem; sociological methods: expert assessments; mathematical and statistical data processing. The main conclusions of the study are: 1.The causes of accidents with firearms are due to non-compliance with safety measures when handling weapons; 2. The lack of an exact sequence of actions with weapons when loading weapons and discharging them manifests itself in the chaotic execution of these actions. 3. The lack of a single algorithm for loading and unloading weapons is the cause of accidents. 4. The use of the algorithm of the employee's actions when loading weapons before entering service and discharging them upon delivery and the scheme for it, placed in the duty stations in the place for loading and discharging weapons, will minimize the likelihood of an accidental shot. A special contribution of the author is the development of a single algorithm and a scheme for it, which are introduced into the educational process and professional activities of the ATS staff. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a single algorithm for the actions of employees with weapons when receiving and handing them over to the duty station.

Impact of medical bloggers’ activities on the prevention of disease risk, public, population and individual health: the opinion of social media users

Due to the high information and communication importance and potential of the medical blogosphere in the formation of health literacy of the population, there is the increased need to study the opinions of Russian social media users on the impact of the content of medical blogs on personal and public health. Aim of the study was to find out the opinion of social media users on the extent to which the activities of bloggers specializing in public health and health care topics influence the prevention of major non-communicable and infectious diseases, public and personal health, within the changing boundaries of medical knowledge broadcasting (using sociological methods). Material and methods. The authors conducted a quantitative sociological survey of 178 respondents - users of social media: 55 (30.9 %) women and 123 (69.1 %) men about visiting blogs specializing in public health and healthcare. The collection of information was carried out by e-mailing a questionnaire developed by the authors, and analyzed the answers to questions from active blog users through a Google form in April – May 2023. Results. The study results of the impact of bloggers’ activities on personal and public health, including those related to the quality of medical information disseminated in social media, are described. Respondents believe that medical bloggers have a greater impact on public health than personal health. At the same time, according to the respondents, the spheres of influence in the field of public health do not coincide with the spheres of influence in the field of personal health. Thus, 74.7 % of respondents believe that medical bloggers have an impact on maintaining a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention (61.8 % of all respondents think so) and treatment of infectious diseases (61.2 %). The requirements for the quality of information provided by bloggers are considered. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, the authors developed a graphical diagram of the effect of dissemination through the blogosphere of information in the field of health care and disease prevention. Conclusions. The content published on medical blogs affects the health literacy of the population. That is why, medical blogs can be seen as a social determinant of health, because health blogs can be the key to the success of disease prevention and control efforts for public health maintaining. For organizing a communication intervention of medical personnel in social media to inform the population about methods for preventing the risk of developing major non-communicable and infectious diseases and increasing the level of health literacy of the population, medical blogs can and should be used to inform and educate patients as part of general or targeted multimodal educational practices or as a means of delivering electronic content. The risks of publishing inaccurate information in the blogosphere must be considered, whereby patients can easily become misinformed, which can have serious consequences for their health, and even increase their risk of mortality. To make the best use of the blogosphere, it is necessary to solve the problems of content accuracy and increase the level of professionalism of bloggers who write on medical topics. They need to be professionally trained to work for health, contributing to the prevention of the risk of developing major non-communicable and communicable diseases, improving the health of the population through education, and raising the level of health literacy. It makes sense to assess the success of the communicative intervention of doctors in social media and their management of the training of medical bloggers as a personnel determinant of public health, since it will depend on the personnel potential of the healthcare sector.

Characteristic Features of Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity among Medical Students

Introduction This paper deals with the investigation of controlled risk factors associated with body weight disorders of young people with overweight and obesity. Authors are convinced that the formation of a conscious attitude to health in youth and early diagnosis of any abnormalities through the dynamic monitoring of adolescents and young people with excess body weight could help in the solution to this problem. Methods Statistical and sociological methods were used during the investigation. 80 students from a medical university participated in this research. In the survey, Google Forms online application were used. The authors followed all the principles of bioethics and medical deontology in conformity with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration. The questionnaire contained points about the diet, food habits and preferences, socio-economic status of the respondent’s family, the level of their physical activity, knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, and relationships in the group. Results The primary processing of the obtained data was carried out using the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics with the provision of results in the form of relative indicators (Р, %) with an error (m, p). The specificity of the eating behavior of youth was connected with the absence of a food regime, the multiplicity of meals, and the low level of eating culture (lack of a permanent place to eat or eating in front of a computer or TV). Moreover, such habits, like eating before going to bed, eating under stress, or frequently visiting fast food restaurants, were typical for this group of population. A large number of young people were found to be prone to use advertised products. Conclusion Young people’s awareness of healthy nutrition has been found to be insufficient, and the level of physical activity in the studied group as unsatisfactory. Significant features of physical activity associated with maladaptive eating behavior have been observed to be a lack of physical activity on weekdays, absence of morning gymnastics, failure to comply with the norms of rational nutrition in the family, or low level of information about healthy nutrition.

Digitalization from the Perspective of the Regional Community

Relevance. Currently, digitalization processes and the introduction of new technological innovations in Russian society lead to a restructuring of not only economic but also social relations, thereby predetermining both new opportunities and new risks. However, the degree of influence of these risks on individuals and society, their positive and negative effects in the scientific community have not yet been sufficiently formulated.The purpose is to identify the attitude of the regional population towards the digitalization of society and risk factors associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the life of society.Objectives: to analyze the manifestation of the digitalization process and its risks in the perception of the regional community; explore the degree of influence of digitalization risks on the life of society.Methodology. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena: structural-logical analysis and methods of theoretical generalization ‒ to clarify concepts and construct research conclusions; sociological methods for obtaining empirical data.Results. The population of the regional community has an understanding of the digital society, digitalization processes and various manifestations of risks in the digital society. Transformations in the digital sphere can bring catastrophically large-scale changes in society, and can transform not only the surrounding reality, but the person himself and the world around him.Conclusions. In modern digital society, the probabilistic manifestation of risks is not fully identified and their impact on the life of society is not assessed. Digitalization should be aimed at creating advantages (conveniences) in various aspects of everyday life and providing every citizen with equal opportunities to access services, information and knowledge provided on the basis of information and communication technologies.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC ORGANISED CRIME IN UKRAINE

The subject of the study is the methodological foundations and applied approaches to assessing the impact of organised crime on economic relations in the country. Methodology. The study uses two key approaches to the criminological analysis of organised crime: statistical (based on state statistics) and sociological (risk assessment based on expert surveys). The purpose of the article is to compare analytical approaches and results of data analysis on the activities of organised crime in the economic sphere in Ukraine. The activity of organised crime in the economic sphere in Ukraine has been analysed on the basis of state statistics and sociological surveys conducted in recent years under various research projects. With a focus on the comparative interest of these two criminological approaches, the authors highlights the problem of identifying manifestations of organised economic crime not as individual non-systemic cases, but as a criminal phenomenon of a systemic nature which permeates various areas of economic activity. At the same time, it was found that the state statistics do not objectively reflect the problems of organised crime in the country, and that they are levelling the real state. Among the various sociological methods of criminological analysis, the authors focused on the risk-oriented approach to the assessment of crime, considering the risk of the spread of organised crime in the economic sphere on the basis of an expert assessment of the probability and consequences of the spread of these threats. This approach and its results point to critical gaps in criminological research based on state statistics and suggest promising approaches for future research. Conclusion. The risk-oriented approach points to systemic manifestations of the phenomenon of organised crime and the high risk of organised crime groups in the economy of Ukraine. Using a unique empirical base formed by research projects, significant threats to the country's economy and high-risk threats in the form of various manifestations of organised crime were identified: according to law enforcement agencies – 62.30%; in the system of hybrid threats – 41.38%-44.74%; in the field of forestry – 55.67%; in the field of fiscal security, in the section of individual branches of the economy, the most significant level of risk is in the range of 60-70%.

The Phases of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Italian Sociology: Institutionalisation, Social Engagement, and Emerging Problems

AbstractThis article reflects on the qualitative and quantitative methods developed and adopted by Italian sociology and the historical circumstances that have led researchers to focus on some fields rather than others. It will highlight how different research groups have articulated, over time, their reflection on the methods and techniques of social research, which can be said to be characterized by four phases. The first phase is formation, in which the methodological debate takes place against the epistemological contrast between positivist positions and anti-positivist traditions. The second phase is commitment, marked by the consolidation of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches and the dissemination of medium-range research focused on specific issues in certain areas of the country. The third is the stabilization phase, in which the choice of one field over the other is linked to a process of institutionalization of the discipline within academia, now mature. Finally, the contemporary phase highlights the need to combine approaches with the characteristics of a society in constant evolution, particularly after the advent of the digital age.

The Impact of Law on Human Rights and Civil Liberties

This investigation is pertinent as it illustrates that legal norms play a dual role—safeguarding the adherence to human rights and freedoms while concurrently imposing specific constraints and, in certain instances, transgressions upon them. The objective of this article is to scrutinize the theoretical and practical dimensions surrounding the influence of law on human rights and civil liberties. It aims to analyze the legal framework and confront pertinent issues by delving into both national and international legislative practices. The focus is on regulatory and legal framework governing the impact of law on human rights and civil liberties. The utilized methodologies encompassed the historical method, structural and functional method, analytical method, comparative method, statistical method, and sociological method. The presence of a legislative rule without effective implementation or with implementation in contravention of rights and civil liberties poses a significant challenge. Resolving current issues demands concerted efforts, rendering this problem of paramount importance and warranting further research and examination. Each state is tasked with harmonizing its national legislation with internationally ratified instruments at both the regulatory and practical levels. A comprehensive exploration of the practical and theoretical dimensions of gaps in legislative processes as a pressing global issue in Ukraine is imperative to ensure the observance of rights and freedoms, and to mitigate the adverse consequences arising from the negative impact of law.

Students' assessment of the results of social project activities as a factor of its quality and effectiveness

The relevance of the problem under study is confirmed by its practice-oriented nature, the need to use social technologies that are in demand in modern conditions in pedagogical practice and in the management of project activities. The research problem is assessing the quality of the results of social project activities as one of the stages of managing this type of activity in educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to develop and test methodological support for assessing the results of social project activities of students at the university. The research was based on experimental and sociological methods, as well as on the axiological approach of philosophy and pedagogy. It was carried out based on the results of a implemented grant from the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs. Contains a developed and tested technology for assessing a large-scale social grant project, which is quite universal and can be used and adapted to similar projects.

Optimization of pharmaceutical care for children with diseases of the upper respiratory tract in outpatient polyclinic institutions

Introduction. The analysis of scientific and information materials has shown that the theoretical foundations and conceptual provisions of pharmaceutical management and pharmacoeconomic research have been developed in the works of domestic scientists. At the same time, research on optimization of pharmaceutical care for children in outpatient facilities is currently only fragmentary, and there is no systematic approach to solving this problem.
 The aim of the study. On the basis of a systemic approach, form a system of research on the optimization of pharmaceutical care for children with ENT diseases in outpatient polyclinic institutions.
 Materials and methods. The methodological basis is the approaches of modern management in the field of strategic management, pharmacoeconomics, approaches to the assessment of drug consumption, legislative and regulatory documents. The objects of the study were family outpatient clinics and children's outpatient polyclinic institutions in the city of Kyiv and the Kyiv region. The initial information was 390 outpatient charts of patients with ENT diseases aged 3 to 17 years for the period of 2022; 125 expert questionnaires of otolaryngologists; 50 questionnaires of a sociological survey of parents of patients with ENT diseases. The research used methods of logical, structural analysis, SWOT analysis, sociological methods (expert opinions, interactive survey, questionnaire).
 Results. A methodical approach to conducting pharmacoeconomic studies of pharmaceutical care for children in outpatient clinics has been developed. For the first time, an original method of multi-aspect matrix analysis was proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate and multi-factorially position the medicinal products of the researched assortment in order to justify its inclusion in the assortment list for the treatment of a certain nosology in ambulatory polyclinic conditions.
 Conclusions. The practical significance of the research results lies in the creation of a system of approaches to optimizing pharmaceutical care for children in outpatient settings at the territorial level.

STATE POLICY TO COUNTER CRIME IN BORDER REGIONS IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY

Relevance. Crime in border regions poses the greatest danger to society and the state in the digital world. During the period of digitalization of society, the problem of criminal law risks with the use of information technology is becoming more dangerous, large-scale and intractable. As you know, the era of the dominance of digital technologies has not only positive consequences, opening up new opportunities for the development of society and the state, but also creates additional criminal threats to national security. In such circumstances, government policy is aimed at building an effective system of digital confrontation. In a digital society, the crime prevention system in the border regions of the Russian Federation, although based on the unified legal framework of state policy in the field of combating crime, cannot be the same for all regions of the country. Its construction should take into account regional economic, social, demographic, ethno-confessional, territorial, historical, cultural and national characteristics. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the scientific report is to summarize the criminal risks of digitalization for the national security of border regions and to analyze some areas of state policy in the field of combating crime in a digital society. To achieve this goal, the research uses methods of analysis and synthesis; generalization of expert opinions in various fields of science, materials of legal statistics and investigative practice; analysis of messages in mass media; dialectical and sociological methods. Conclusion. The digitalization of society is associated with an increase in the number of criminal law risks in all areas of public life. At the same time, the development of digital technologies also affects the successful organization of preventive activities within the framework of public policy. The use of achievements in the field of digital technologies makes it possible to significantly improve the criminal procedure and penal enforcement policy of

THE USE OF MESSENGER CHATS IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION

Currently, communication technologies play a key role in public administration. With the development of mobile devices and messengers, the use of chats is becoming an increasingly popular tool for information exchange and coordination of activities. The purpose of the study is to consider some problematic aspects of the use of digital methods of communication by public authorities on the example of messenger chats. Materials and methods. The research was based on general scientific methods of cognition: observation, analysis, synthesis, description, generalization, comparison and others. On the basis of content analysis, comparative and systematic approaches, the use of chats in state and municipal management was investigated. The work also used system-wide scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research, as well as specific methods that made it possible to substantiate the results obtained. Sociological methods were used to study the opinions of chat users, as well as of experts and scientists. Private scientific methods, such as comparative-legal, formal-legal, statistical and structural-functional ones, were used for the study. This made it possible to identify trends, to formulate conclusions, and to offer recommendations for solving a number of issues in problem areas. Results. The obvious advantages of using messenger chats have led to their widespread use in the practice of state and municipal administration: speeding up decision-making processes, simplifying coordination, improving coordination of actions within the department and in interdepartmental interaction, increasing the quality of feedback between the state and citizens, etc. Despite the significant prospects of using messengers to improve the efficiency of communication and the quality of public and municipal services provided, to promote the development of the digital state, it is necessary to take into account the risks and problems: the use of personal mobile devices by employees; identification of the administrator and users; the possibility of deleting messages completely; legal consequences of messages sent via chat; protection of personal data; security and the integrity of messages transmitted via chat, etc. Conclusions. Some of the issues related to the use of messenger chats in the practice of state and municipal administration can be resolved by the adoption of departmental or local acts regulating the rules for the use of such chats, message monitoring, administrator powers, business etiquette, etc. In modern realities, it is important to conceptually revise approaches to document management, document flow and the concept of "document", taking into account the introduction and widespread use of digital innovations.

Забезпечення якості освіти за спеціальністю 017: стан проблеми

Currently, the quality of education is one of the most important criteria for the successful functioning and implementation of educational and professional programs in particular and higher education institutions in general. A prerequisite for improving the quality of educational services in higher education institutions is the involvement of students as a separate group of stakeholders in this process. The purpose of the study is to analyze the participation of higher education students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports in the process of internal quality assurance in the EPP «Sports Coach». Methods. After analyzing the literature, systematizing and summarizing them, we identified the most common forms of student involvement in improving the quality of higher education; sociological methods, namely a questionnaire survey, were used to conduct a statement pedagogical experiment, using the results of the questionnaire «Educational Program through the Eyes of Applicants» for 2022, 2023; mathematical and statistical research methods were used to process data and determine the percentage of survey results. Results. The study found that the involvement of higher education students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports in the process of internal quality assurance of education takes place through a questionnaire survey; cooperation with student self-government bodies; participation in meetings of the Department of Sports and Sports Games, the Academic Council of the Faculty of Physical Culture; through the functioning of Google Forms, which are presented on the website of the department for making proposals for projects of educational and professional programs; through informal communication with the head of the department, the dean of the faculty, and the rector of the university; inclusion of students in the group of developers of educational and professional programs. The effectiveness of the implemented ways of student participation in the system of internal quality assurance of education is evidenced by the results of questionnaires «Educational Program in the Eyes of Applicants». After analyzing the data of 2022 and 2023, we concluded that the dynamics of evaluation of educational and professional programs «Sports Coach» has improved slightly over the year, in particular, higher education applicants are 0.5 % more satisfied with the list of educational components of the curriculum; by 2 % ‒ with the amount of time allocated for practical training; the overall assessment of the quality of the content of educational programs and the level of teaching of educational components has improved by 1.8%; the assessment of the quality of teaching and methodological support of disciplines has also improved by 2.9 %.

Child Discernment, a Global Problem

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) related to the rights of the child, on the one hand, in articles 12, 13, 14 and 15, regulates the freedoms of thought, opinion, conscience and religion, as well as association and free expression, on the other hand. Objectives: also, the holders of obligations for the child’s best interest have the duty to turn these rights into reality as a direct guarantee of respecting their interests. Therefore, the state has an obligation to create the possibility that no child is marginalized in the realization of these fundamental freedoms through all possible measures. Research methods: right compared to the position in Rep. Moldova, USA, Georgia, etc. in relation to legislative changes, jurisprudence with special regard to the cases resolved by the ECHR in the field, theoretical methods such as the comparative, historical, sociological method of course regarding the discernment of the child, because the methods used are strictly subordinate to the proposed purpose. Results and implications of the study: the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), in its general comment no. 12 (2009), shows that the practices through which the contribution of children is required to rise to certain levels of honest and moral participation of children.

A new model of the formation of social and labor activity of students: model evaluations

Relevance. In modern society, where knowledge and intellectual development are key strategic resources for economic growth, the status of education has greatly increased. Forming key competencies in students, including social and labor functions, is a top priority for the global education system. Purpose. The problem of forming the key competencies of the future teacher in general and socio-labor in particular is a relatively new scientific problem. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to develop a model for the formation of social and labor functions of the future teacher and evaluate its effectiveness. Methodology. To solve the tasks and verify the initial assumptions, we used a set of complementary research methods: theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical literature; sociological methods (questionnaires, conversations); study and generalization of pedagogical experience; observation; experimental methods (stating and forming experimental variants); mathematical and statistical methods. Results. As a result, the study specified the scientific understanding of the content of the concept �socio-labor function and competence� and identified the functions of their components and the principles of implementation of the model of formation of social and labor competencies of the future teacher; grounded indicators of socio-labor competencies identified and experimentally tested pedagogical conditions providing the formation of social-labor competencies of the future teacher. Conclusions. The implementation of the model of the formation of social and labor activity in line with modernization strategies creates a supportive, competence-oriented educational environment that integrates general and supplementary education. A strong correlation exists between social and labor relations and social skills, as well as between the motivational, cognitive, and activity components of the competencies developed through experimental training. The practical significance of the research lies in its focus on improving the activities of universities in the formation of social and labor competencies of future teachers. Keywords: social and labor function; competence; professional training; model of formation; future teacher