Measurement Method Research Articles

Radiochromic film EBT3 calibration for linear accelerator in 10 MV

Radiochromic film is used to applications in dosimetry have become increasingly significant for studies on radiotherapy. Due to sensitivity to exposure to ionizing radiation, radiochromic films are commonly used to obtain dose distribution maps and for calibration curves. The calibration curves in the radiochromic films can be use radiochromic films as a dosimetry method and then seek the generation of images with lower dose deposition and higher diagnostic quality. When ionizing radiation interacts with matter it generates energy deposition. Radiation dosimetry is important for medical applications of ionizing radiation due to the increasing demand for diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. The film is a dose measurement method that records the energy deposition by the darkening of its emulsion. Radiochromic films have a little visible light sensitivity and respond better to ionizing radiation exposure. The aim of this study is to obtain the resulting calibration curve by the irradiation of radiochromic film strips, making it possible to relate the darkening of the film with the absorbed dose, to measure doses in experiments with X-ray beam of 10 MeV in Linear Accelerator. The objective of this study is to obtain the calibration curves of the radiographic film for exposure with X-ray beam in Linear Accelerator scanner for realize measures of typical doses found in radiotherapy. It was used Gafchromic EBT Radiochromic Film, which shows little sensitivity to visible light and a response in the range of 0.1 to 10 Gy for X-ray beam. In the experiments, a Solid Water Phantom, with a 30x30x2.0 cm³. The strips were scanned and processed using the ImageJ software to obtain the intensity values resulting from the absorbed radiation by grayscale. The darkening responses on film strips according to the doses were observed and they allowed obtaining the corresponding numeric values to the darkening for each specific dose value. From the numerical values of darkening, a calibration curve was obtained.

Charge transport dynamics and emission response in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes for next-generation high-speed displays

Inorganic quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have gained significant attention as optoelectronic devices for next-generation display systems due to their superior colour properties. A comprehensive understanding of the charge transport dynamics and transient emission responses of the QD-LED is crucial to achieving high motion picture quality next-generation QD-LED display systems. In this study, we investigated the transient emission response of QD-LED devices through an advanced charge transport simulation model tailored to the quantum-dots (QDs). The dynamic response of the QD-LED devices is evaluated using the time-resolved electroluminescence measurement method for both cadmium-based and cadmium-free red, green, and blue QD-LEDs. The QD-LED devices exhibit notable emission drops during pulse voltage application. The charge transport simulation quantitatively reveals that the on and off switching speeds and the emission drops are intricately influenced by the electron and hole injection balance and a combination of carrier recombination factors within the QD layer. The charge transport simulation also shows that space-charge accumulation, due to the combined effects of charge imbalance and Auger recombination, quantitatively explains a potential device degradation mechanism. Therefore, the QD-specified charge transport model provides a crucial approach in designing and optimizing QD-LED devices for next-generation high-speed QD-LED displays with ultimate colour quality and long lifetimes.

Research on In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Detection of Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates Based on Laser Thermography.

The thermal properties of bipolar plates, being key elements of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, significantly affect their heat conduction and management. This study employed an innovative approach known as a heat flow loop integral method to experimentally assess the in-plane thermal conductivity of graphite bipolar plates, addressing the constraints of traditional methods that have strict demands for thermal stimulation, boundary or initial conditions, and sample size. This method employs infrared thermal imaging to gather information from the surface temperature field of the sample, which is induced by laser stimulation. An enclosed test loop on the infrared image of the sample's surface, situated between the heat source and the sample's boundary, is utilized to calculate the in-plane heat flow density by integrating the temperature at the sampling locations on the loop and the in-plane thermal conductivity can be determined based on Fourier's law of heat conduction. The numerical simulation analysis of the graphite models and the experimental tests with aluminum have confirmed the precision and practicality of this method. The results of 1060 aluminum and 6061 aluminum samples, each 1 and 2 mm in thickness, show a deviation between the reference and actual measurements of the in-plane thermal conductivity within 4.3% and repeatability within 2.7%. Using the loop integral method, the in-plane thermal conductivities of three graphite bipolar plates with thicknesses of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm were tested, resulting in 311.98 W(m·K)-1, 314.41 W(m·K)-1, and 323.48 W(m·K)-1, with repeatabilities of 0.9%, 3.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. A comparison with the reference value from the simulation model for graphite bipolar plates with the same thickness showed a deviation of 4.7%. The test results for three different thicknesses of graphite bipolar plates show a repeatability of 2.6%, indicating the high consistency and reliability of this measurement method. Consequently, as a supplement to existing technology, this method can achieve a rapid and nondestructive measurement of materials such as graphite bipolar plates' in-plane thermal conductivity.

Research on a Machine Vision-based Blade Measurement Method

A high-precision visual measurement method for the geometric dimensions of oil pump blades is proposed, utilizing an auxiliary measurement mechanism to assist in sub-pixel edge positioning. Based on images of calibration boards, the camera distortion is corrected by partitioning the image into regions and establishing a mapping index between pixel coordinates and real-world coordinates. Under fixed object and image distances, images of the oil pump blades and the contact between the blades and the pump are separately captured. The Canny operator and Sigmoid function are employed to fit the edges, extracting sub-pixel coordinates, which are then mapped to real-world coordinates. Finally, a least squares edge fitting is conducted to compute the dimensional parameters. Experimental results indicate that the use of auxiliary measurement mechanisms effectively enhances the precision of blade measurements, as compared to measurements solely based on oil pump blade images and images of the blade in contact with the pump.

Improving Otsu Method Parameters for Accurate and Efficient in LAI Measurement Using Fisheye Lens

The leaf area index (LAI) is an essential indicator for assessing vegetation growth and understanding the dynamics of forest ecosystems and is defined as the ratio of the total leaf surface area in the plant canopy to the corresponding surface area below it. LAI has applications for obtaining information on plant health, carbon cycling, and forest ecosystems. Due to their price and portability, mobile devices are becoming an alternative to measuring LAI. In this research, a new method for estimating LAI using a smart device with a fisheye lens (SFL) is proposed. The traditional Otsu method was enhanced to improve the accuracy and efficiency of foreground segmentation. The experimental samples were located in Gansu Ziwuling National Forest Park in Qingyang. In the accuracy parameter improvement experiment, the variance of the average LAI value obtained by using both zenith angle segmentation and azimuth angle segmentation methods was reduced by 50%. The results show that the segmentation of the front and back scenes of the new Otsu method is more accurate, and the obtained LAI values are more reliable. In the efficiency parameter improvement experiment, the time spent is reduced by 17.85% when the enhanced Otsu method is used to ensure that the data anomaly rate does not exceed 10%, which improves the integration of the algorithm into mobile devices and the efficiency of obtaining LAI. This study provides a fast and effective method for the near-ground measurement of forest vegetation productivity and provides help for the calculation of forest carbon sequestration efficiency, oxygen release rate, and forest water and soil conservation ability.

A method for measuring banana pseudo-stem phenotypic parameters based on handheld mobile LiDAR and IMU fusion.

Diameter and height are crucial morphological parameters of banana pseudo-stems, serving as indicators of the plant's growth status. Currently, in densely cultivated banana plantations, there is a lack of applicable research methods for the scalable measurement of phenotypic parameters such as diameter and height of banana pseudo-stems. This paper introduces a handheld mobile LiDAR and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-fused laser scanning system designed for measuring phenotypic parameters of banana pseudo-stems within banana orchards. To address the challenges posed by dense canopy cover in banana orchards, a distance-weighted feature extraction method is proposed. This method, coupled with Lidar-IMU integration, constructs a three-dimensional point cloud map of the banana plantation area. To overcome difficulties in segmenting individual banana plants in complex environments, a combined segmentation approach is proposed, involving Euclidean clustering, Kmeans clustering, and threshold segmentation. A sliding window recognition method is presented to determine the connection points between pseudo-stems and leaves, mitigating issues caused by crown closure and heavy leaf overlap. Experimental results in banana orchards demonstrate that, compared with manual measurements, the mean absolute errors and relative errors for banana pseudo-stem diameter and height are 0.2127 cm (4.06%) and 3.52 cm (1.91%), respectively. These findings indicate that the proposed method is suitable for scalable measurements of banana pseudo-stem diameter and height in complex, obscured environments, providing a rapid and accurate inter-orchard measurement approach for banana plantation managers.

Fast Cable-Force Measurement for Large-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges Based on the Alignment Recognition Method and Smartphone-Captured Video

The accurate measurement of cable force plays an important role in the structural form, structural behavior, and safety evaluation of large-span cable-stayed bridges. A fast cable-force estimation method is proposed based on the alignment recognition method and smartphone-captured video. This method can realize real-time, non-contact, and non-destructive force measurements. Videos of bridge cables were collected using a portable smartphone, and an alignment recognition method was employed to obtain the lateral displacement along the cable, followed by numerical differentiation of the lateral displacement of the cable to acquire the acceleration time history. Based on the fundamental dynamic equation of beam elements, a unified explicit formula for cable-force calculation considering service characteristics was established in the frequency method. Finally, the method was applied to the cable-force measurement during the operation and maintenance stage of the Gengcun Dou Bridge. The measured cable forces were compared with the values obtained from the on-site monitoring system. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the acceleration time history at different positions of the cable, and the corresponding frequency components are essentially consistent. The average relative deviation of the measured cable forces from the reference method is within 3%. The proposed cable-force measurement method is simple as regards equipment, convenient for operation, and high in efficiency, providing a new method for the measurement of cable forces in large-span cable-stayed bridges, which can offer reliable measured cable-force data for structural analysis during bridge operation and the maintenance stage.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Straw Motion under the Action of an Anti-Blocking Mechanism for a No-Till Maize Planter

To address the low clearance rate issue of the anti-blocking mechanism for maize no-till planters in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, experiments and simulations were conducted to analyze the individual and collective movements of straw under the action of the round roller-claw anti-blocking mechanism. A tracer-based measurement method for straw displacement was applied firstly. Experimental results showed that the straw forward displacement could be characterized by the average horizontal displacements of longitudinal and lateral tracers, while the straw side displacement could be characterized by the lateral displacement of the longitudinal tracer. The straw forward displacement was 58.95% greater than the side displacement. Forward, side, and total displacements of straw increased as the mechanism’s forward speed increased from 3 km/h to 7 km/h, with corresponding rates of increase at 233.98%, 43.20%, and 162.47%, respectively. Furthermore, a model of straw–soil–mechanism interaction was constructed in EDEM 2022 software. The relative error between experimental and simulated straw clearance rates was 11.20%, confirming the applicability of the simulation model for studying straw–soil–mechanism interaction. Based on the simulation model, three straw tracers of different lengths were selected to study the motion behavior of straw. It was inferred that despite differences in straw length, the movement behaviors of the three straw tracers under the influence of the anti-blocking mechanism were similar. Additionally, longer straws exhibited greater displacements in all directions. This paper serves as a reference for studying straw motion behavior influenced by anti-blocking mechanisms.

A fast three-dimensional measurement method based on color fringe projection and background intensity calibration

A fast three-dimensional measurement method based on color fringe projection and background intensity calibration

Self-Sensing Electromechanical System Integrated with the Embedded Displacement Sensor.

Conventionally, the electromechanical system requires the installation of auxiliary displacement sensors and only the amount on the drive part and motion end, which increases volume, cost, and measurement error in the system. This paper presents an integrated measurement method with a sensing head, which takes the equal division characteristics of mechanical structures as part of the sensor, thus, the so-called self-sensing system. Moreover, the displacement is measured by counting the time pulses. The sensing head is integrated with the entire electromechanical system, including the driving, transmitting, and moving parts. Thus, the integration of the sensing part is greatly improved. Taking the rotary table as a special example, and the sensing head embedded into each part of the system, displacement information is obtained by the common processing system and fused by the adaptive weighted average method. The results of the experiment show that the fusion precision of each component is higher than only the motor position information as the feedback. The proposed method is a practical self-sensing technology with significant volume reduction and intelligent control benefits in the industry, especially suitable for extremely small and narrow spaces.

Microwave-Based State Diagnosis of Three-Way Catalysts: Impact Factors and Application Recommendations.

This study reassesses an overview of the potential of the radio frequency (RF)-based state diagnostics of three-way catalysts (TWC) based on a previous study with an emphasis on the defect chemistry of the catalyst material during reoxidation and reduction. Some data are based on the previous works but are newly processed, and the signal parameters resonant frequency and inverse quality factor are evaluated with respect to applicability. The RF-based method uses electromagnetic resonances in a cavity resonator to provide information on the storage level of the oxygen storage component. The analysis focuses on a holistic investigation and evaluation of the major effects influencing the RF signal during operation. On the one hand, the response to the oxygen storage behavior and the resolution of the measurement method are considered. Therefore, this study merges original data from multiple former publications to provide a comprehensive insight into important measurement effects and their defect chemistry background. On the other hand, the most important cross-sensitivities are discussed and their impact during operation is evaluated. Additionally, the effect of catalyst aging is analyzed. The effects are presented separately for the two resonant parameters: resonant frequency and (unloaded) quality factor. Overall, the data suggest that the quality factor has a way higher signal quality at low temperatures (<400 °C) and the resonant frequency is primarily suitable for high operating temperatures. At most operating points, the quality factor is even more robust against interferences such as exhaust gas stoichiometry and water content. Correctly estimating the catalyst temperature is the most important factor for reliable results, which can be achieved by combining the information of both resonant signals. In the end, the data indicate that microwave-based state diagnosis is a powerful system for evaluating the oxygen storage level over the entire operating range of a TWC. As a research tool and in its application, the system can therefore contribute to the improvement of the emission control of future gasoline vehicles.

Experimental Measurement of Emissivity of Polished Steel Strips from a Continuous Annealing Line.

The long-term use of steel strip in various industries makes it an important semi-finished product, which makes it necessary to improve its chemical composition and mechanical properties, reduce its thickness and weight, expand the range of new types of steel strip and increase its production. This entails a large number of technological operations dependent on precise temperature measurement and control. In some industrial plants, the steel strip is in continuous motion, which makes the use of contact measuring devices impossible. When using non-contact measuring devices such as pyrometers or thermal imaging cameras, the emissivity of the materials being measured is a problematic parameter, as setting an incorrect emissivity value to the measuring device results in inaccurate temperature readings. The essence of this research was to establish a measurement method and to perform experimental measurements of the emissivity of a polished steel strip used in a continuous annealing line, the subsequent processing of the data from these measurements and their evaluation. The emissivity measurements were carried out for 5 types of steel strip of different parameters, while the measurement itself was carried out in the long wavelength range of 7.5-14 µm and at strip temperatures of 100-300 °C. Depending on the type of steel strip, the mean emissivity values ranged from 0.0835- to 0.1143. The emissivity of the steel strip increased with increasing strip temperature, and it was not a linear dependence. The emissivity values determined in this research could be applied to measuring equipment in actual production, which could improve the accuracy of temperature measurement in the heat treatment of polished steel strip. Thermal camera measurements in the long wavelength range, taking thermal images and their processing and determining the emissivity value of polished steel strips are the parts of this research that make it different from other already published research.

Thickness Measurements with EMAT Based on Fuzzy Logic.

Metal thickness measurements are essential in various industrial applications, yet current non-contact ultrasonic methods face limitations in range and accuracy, hindering the widespread adoption of electromagnetic ultrasonics. This study introduces a novel combined thickness measurement method employing fuzzy logic, with the aim of broadening the applicational scope of the EMAT. Leveraging minimal hardware, this method utilizes the short pulse time-of-flight (TOF) technique for initial thickness estimation, followed by secondary measurements guided by fuzzy logic principles. The integration of measurements from the resonance, short pulse echo, and linear frequency modulation echo extends the measurement range while enhancing accuracy. Rigorous experimental validation validates the method's effectiveness, demonstrating a measurement range of 0.3-1000.0 mm with a median error within ±0.5 mm. Outperforming traditional methods like short pulse echoes, this approach holds significant industrial potential.

Deformation ability of steel inner sleeve T-joint in modular gymnasia based on 3D-DIC method

Substantial loads the roofs bear exert stringent performance standards on connecting joints in movable modular gymnasiums. Previously, we introduced a novel joint design, utilizing internal sleeves and bolts to integrate the upper and lower columns of modular units. To explore the actual deformation behavior and force distribution of this joint, this study employed a three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) measurement method to visualize its full-field displacement and strain distribution. The reliability of the 3D-DIC results was confirmed through comparison with traditional measurement methods. Building upon this solid foundation, this study proceeds to assess the static performance of this innovative joint in two distinct directions, successfully revealing micro-deformation and local buckling phenomena undetectable to the naked eye. Notably, the quality of the welds connecting the beams and columns plays a pivotal role in ensuring the overall structural integrity of the joint. Under lateral loading conditions, the destructive behavior of the joints is primarily governed by material strength. Moment-rotation curves were plotted to delve further into the mechanical characteristics of the joint, revealing that the inner-sleeve T-joint exhibits the attributes of a rigid joint. Moreover, the primary damage modes observed in the specimens were fractures at the beam root or buckling of the column, with the joint area remaining intact. Consequently, this joint qualifies as a full-strength connection. These findings will deepen knowledge and understanding of this novel joint for designers.

Efficiency and feasibility of semi-automated software for measuring left atrial volume in routine echocardiography in a pediatric population.

The traditional method for measuring left atrial volume (LAV) involves manual tracing. Recently, semi-automated techniques for measuring LAV, based on 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and 3D echocardiography (3DE), have become commercially available. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency and feasibility of these semi-automated software methods for LAV measurement in pediatric patients. We analyzed 207 pediatric patients with 2D and 3D echocardiographic images of the left atrium. The maximum LAV was measured using three techniques: (1) manual tracing, (2) STE-based semi-automated measurement, and (3) 3DE-based semi-automated measurement. We compared both LAV and the time required for LAV measurement among these three techniques. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the LAV measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation (ICC). There was no difference in the LAV between the manual tracing and the STE-based method, but the LAV measured by 3DE-based method was slightly smaller than manual tracing. The measurement time was 32.6 ± 3.5, 53.8 ± 10.8, and 33.8 ± 13.0s for manual tracing, STE-based, and 3DE-based techniques, respectively. There was no difference the time for LAV measurement between the manual tracing and the 3D-based technique. The agreement and ICC for intra-observer reproducibility was similar across all three techniques, but inter-observer reproducibility was superior with the 3DE-based technique. Although the maximum LAV obtained through the 3DE-based techniques was slightly smaller compared with the traditional manual tracing method, the 3DE-based technique is anticipated to be integrated into routine examinations owing to its short measurement time and superior reproducibility.

Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Entity Relationship Similarity Perception

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) are used for dynamically modeling facts in the temporal dimension, and are widely used in various fields. However, existing reasoning models often fail to consider the similarity features between entity relationships and static attributes, making it difficult for them to effectively handle these temporal attributes. Therefore, these models have limitations in dealing with previously invisible entities that appear over time and the implicit associations of static attributes between entities. To address this issue, we propose a temporal knowledge graph reasoning model based on Entity Relationship Similarity Perception, known as ERSP. This model employs the similarity measurement method to capture the similarity features of entity relationships and static attributes, and then fuses these features to generate structural representations. Finally, we provide a decoder with entity relationship representation, static attribute representation, and structural representation information to form a quadruple. Experiments conducted on five common benchmark datasets show that ERSP surpasses the majority of TKG reasoning methods.

A new surface roughness measurement method based on QR-SVM

A new surface roughness measurement method based on QR-SVM

The correct tibial slope? Comparison of measuring methods

From a biomechanical point of view, the tibial slope plays a significant role in relation to the loading of the ligament structures in the knee joint. Currently, there are various methods of measurement for the tibial slope, which makes it difficult to compare the measurement results obtained. These differences can be decisive factors for the indication and the extent respectively of the correction of the tibial slope. The aim of this work is to present the differences in results between the measurement methods, and to compare these with the posterior tibial slope (PTS). By means of a comparative analysis, six measurement techniques for the tibial slope were examined. Using six parameters (correlation coefficient, range, deviation of the average slope value, correction coefficient, difference in the corrected measurements, range of the corrected measurements), these results were compared with the PTS. In this prospective study, the PTS was measured in 107 (49 male, 58 female, age 42.6 ± 23.4 years) strictly lateral plain radiological projections of the tibia with the talocrural joint in comparison with the measurement methods according to Han, Brazier, Moore and Harvey, Pietrini and LaPrade and a supratuberosity measurement. The posterior slope was observed at a mean value of 6.9° (± 8.6°). Compared with the PTS, tibial slope values were increased in 55.5 % of all measurements examined and decreased in 42.4 %. In 2 % the values were identical to those of PTS. The deviations observed were significant at up to +2.9° (± 1.7°) and -2.3° (± 1.5°) respectively in comparison with the measured PTS (p < 0.001). 25.9 % of the results showed a slope value more than 2°too high and 17.6 % one less than -2° too low. Thus, in 43 % of the results clinically relevant results that were too high or too low were observed for the tibial slope compared with the PTS (p < 0.001). The correlation analyses showed very high linear connections with PTS (p < 0.001) for all methods, from r2 = 0.88 (in Moore and Harvey) up to r2 = 0.98 (in Han). The ranges varied between 13.90° (Moore and Harvey) and 18.30° (Han). Depending on the measurement method, the slope values obtained should be individually evaluated, in order to draw the correct clinical conclusions. In principle, the radiological assessment of the whole lower leg is essential, so that concomitant pathologies in the area of the entire tibia can be detected. In everyday clinical practice, the measurement according to Han etal., and thus a shorter X‑ray projection, makes it possible to draw optimal conclusions about the PTS. LOE: Prospective diagnostic study, LevelII.

Real-time estimation of underwater sound speed profiles with a data fusion convolutional neural network model

Sound speed profiles (SSPs) characterize the spatial distribution of sound velocity, significantly impacting the trajectory of acoustic signals. Consequently, they play a crucial role in determining the efficiency and precision of communication, localization, and other practical applications. Recently, SSP inversion methods significantly improve real-time performance compared to the direct measurement method, but it is highly dependent on sonar observation data so that the application scope is limited. To obtain real-time sound speed distribution in larger scale areas, we proposes a data-fusion-driven multi-input multi-output convolutional regression neural network (DF-MIMO-RCNN) , which combines satellite-based real-time remote sensing sea surface temperature (SST), historical SSP feature vector, historical mean temperature below the sea surface with corresponding spatial coordinate information. The model gets rid of the dependence on sonar observation data and can be applied to a wider spatial region. Then two sets of experiments were conducted based on the Argo database and marine experimental data respectively. Experimental results based on Argo data show that the proposed method is not only suitable for deep-sea environments at the same depth, but even for shallow water of different depths. At the same time, compared with other algorithms, the root mean square error (RMSE) and RMSE distributions are smaller and more robust. Finally, we conducted deep-sea experiments in the South China Sea. The results show that even in non-strictly gridded sea areas, our proposed model still has lower RMSE and higher robustness, which demonstrates the superiority of our proposed algorithm.

Metoda pomiaru temperatury ciała człowieka za pomocą kamery termowizyjnej

Measurement and monitoring of human physiological parameters play an important role in many applications such as health care, sports training and prevention of disease spread. Dynamic changes in physiological parameters can reveal not only changes in a patient’s physiological state and function, but also be used to assess a person’s activity status, fitness and fatigue. Body temperature is among the most important human physiological parameters for assessing basic vital functions, apart from heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. In medical practice, various types of measuring instruments are used to measure temperature, such as liquid thermometers, electronic thermometers, non-contact ear thermometers, non-contact forehead thermometers. Liquid and electronic thermometers require the appropriate sensors to be connected to a person, which may be undesirable or impossible as, for example, in newborns or during sports training. Non-contact thermometers operate over short distances and often force a specific position of the person during the measurement. In addition, the above body temperature measurement techniques require direct supervision by medical personnel, which often reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of screening temperature measurement. In screening temperature measurements of a large number of people, especially those on the move, a measuring thermal imaging camera works well. The article presents a method for measuring human body temperature using a thermal imaging camera. The presented method is characterized by high accuracy of temperature measurement, which allows medical use of the obtained measurements. The measurement method has been tested on a test stand and for a selected test sample of people. The measurements and tests carried out confirmed the possibility of obtaining temperature measurement accuracy with an expanded uncertainty of less than 0.05 K with a resolution of less than 0.1 K.