Image Encryption Method Research Articles

Advanced End-to-End Image Encryption and Compression

Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems are used to securely transmit images over an untrusted channel provider, and a novel grayscale-based block scrambling image encryption method is developed to improve the security of EtC systems. This approach is intended to make encryption-then-compression (EtC) systems more secure. In comparison to the new encryption technology, the suggested scheme allows for smaller block sizes and a greater number of blocks.Despite the fact that the original image has three colour channels, photos encrypted using the suggested method contain less colour information due to the usage of grayscale images to encrypt the data. These features boost security against threats like jigsaw puzzle solvers and brute-force attacks, among other things. Apart from that, despite the fact that the encrypted photos do not include any colour information, it enables for colour sub-sampling, which can improve the compression speed of the images. In a test, encrypted photographs were posted to and later downloaded from social networking sites, and the findings demonstrated that using advanced compression algorithms, the suggested strategy is successful for ETC systems while still keeping excellent compression performance.

Advanced 5D logistic and DNA encoding for medical images

ABSTRACT Since patient diagnostic data such as X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, etc. contain very sensitive information about a patient's health, it must be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access. In chaotic-based image encryption methods, the lower-dimensional chaotic maps are insufficient because they can be estimated through some signal estimation technologies; therefore, a higher-order novel 5D logistic chaotic map along with DNA encoding and the Arnold map for medical image encryption is presented to overcome the vital medical breaching that could cost a life. In this work, the advantages of DNA principles and high-dimensional chaotic maps are used to develop an efficient encryption method for the protection of medical images. The strategy is useful due to the fact that the higher order makes the system more complicated and tough to penetrate. The large keyspace up to, anti attack capabilities, and comparison of various standard parameters with different literatures illustrate the algorithm's superiority.

HDIEA: high dimensional color image encryption architecture using five-dimensional Gauss-logistic and Lorenz system

The work presented here is a high dimensional color image encryption architecture (HDIEA) founded on the Lorenz-Gauss-Logistic (LGL) encryption algorithm. The primary objective is to demonstrate that both the proposed novel five-dimensional (5D) Gauss-Logistic and four-dimensional (4D) Lorenz system are operating in a hyper-chaotic condition. The visual study of their most important characteristics, such as the sensitivity of the starting value of both maps and the Lyapunov exponent of the 5D Gauss Logistic map, is carried out. The Runge–Kutta technique is used to discretise the Lorenz system in order to construct a pseudo-random sequence generation for the control parameter that has a greater degree of randomness. The 5D Gauss-Logistic system is then selected to serve as the principal hyper-chaotic mapping scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested image encryption method is successful according to the NIST test and has powerful anti-attack, a larger key space as large as 2847, which is prone to multiple attacks, and key sensitivity capabilities. Also, the pixel correlation reached −0.0019, −0.0016, and −0.0069, while the information entropy was at 7.9996. This demonstrates the excellent scrambling effect of the proposed approach, which is capable of greatly improving the color image security performance.

A Chaotic Image Encryption Method Based on the Artificial Fish Swarms Algorithm and the DNA Coding

Aiming at the problems of small key space and weak resistance to differential attacks in existing encryption algorithms, we proposed a chaotic digital image encryption scheme based on an optimized artificial fish swarm algorithm and DNA coding. First, the key is associated with the ordinary image pixel through the MD5 hash operation, and the hash value generated by the ordinary image is used as the initial value of the hyper-chaotic system to increase the sensitivity of the key. Next, the artificial fish school algorithm is used to scramble the positions of pixels in the block. In addition, scrambling operation between blocks is proposed to increase the scrambling effect. In the diffusion stage, operations are performed based on DNA encoding, obfuscation, and decoding technologies to obtain encrypted images. The research results show that the optimized artificial fish swarm algorithm has good convergence and can obtain the global optimal solution to the greatest extent. In addition, simulation experiments and security analysis show that compared with other encryption schemes, the scheme proposed in this paper has a larger key space and better resistance to differential attacks, indicating that the proposed algorithm has better encryption performance and higher security.

New Image Encryption Method Based on two Stage Scrambling

The purpose of digital image scrambling technology is to put a meaningful image into a disordered one to enhance the resistance ability against illegal attacks. This paper proposed an image scrambling algorithm based on idea of movement of elephant in the chess board the system consist of two main steps the first one rotate each diagonal by key generated from computing the standard deviation the second step include exchange the upper half of image with the lower half of image the proposed system shows a good result and we reach 100 percent accuracy in decryption thus the proposed system can be used by any application for secure transmitting.

Image Encryption by Structured Phase Encoding and Its Effectiveness in Turbulent Medium

Structured light carrying optical vortices have gained significant attention in information security as they offer high-dimensional orthogonal states for encoding. These states are usually associated with the orbital angular momentum of light. In this letter, we demonstrate a novel method for binary image encryption using structured phase encoding. The structured phase is obtained by multiple lattices of spatially distributed phase singularity points with varying azimuthal indices. It has been shown that data encoding using orthogonal sets of optical vortex modes enable noise-free decryption and provide robustness against atmospheric turbulence in short propagation distance.

Integrating Fresnel diffraction, multi-phase retrieval, and hyperchaos mapping for color image encryption.

This study proposes a color image encryption method combining Fresnel diffraction, multi-phase retrieval, and hyperchaotic mapping in two stages. First, the color image is converted into an amplitude-type computer-generated hologram (CGH) that overlaps in the frequency domain and separates in the spatial domain. The Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) multi-phase retrieval algorithm encrypts the CGH into a meaningless ciphertext in the second stage, scrambling/diffusing it further using four random sequences generated from the Lorenz hyperchaotic system. The experiment on public color images shows that the decrypted color images are highly consistent with plaintext images. This method's key has a large space (approximately 10∧301) and a small volume. Slight changes to the plaintext completely alter the ciphertext, and its pixel values are statistically independent, thus securing the proposed method against chosen-plaintext attacks and chosen-ciphertext attacks.

S A Review of DES and AES algorithms for image Encryption

Today the encryption of images has be a requirement to protect a secret image from unauthorized arrival. Different techniques have been presented and sophisticated in spatial, frequency and hybrid domains to encrypt the image securely. Depending on on the security requirements, encryption methods can be classified as full encryption or partial encryption. This paper proposes a review of several image encryption methods based on AES and DES. The results of previous research have shown that good results in many security analysis such as time execution, entropy, differential attacks, histogram and others. Comparison between AES and DES based on number of factors are presented in this work.

High Security Image Cryptographic Algorithm Using Chaotic Encryption Algorithm with Hash-LSB Steganography

In the latest, digital images are frequently used for storage, communication, medical imaging, etc. Such images possibly involve private data, which accordingly handed an important role to information security. Image encryption and steganography are two widely used techniques for providing information security. Cryptography is the technique of protecting information by encryption and decryption. In steganography, the message is inserted in an image with changes entitled a cover image. The principal purpose of the study is to improve the current secure data communication techniques, by combining cryptography with steganography. Steganography and cryptography are two examples of the multiple methods used to guarantee secrecy and privacy throughout data communication. The suggested approach achieves encryption and decryption utilizing chaotic encryption technique and employing hash-least significant bit (HLSB) as steganography which is a significant method of embedding data bits in LSB bits of RGB pixels of the cover image.  The suggested image encryption method is validated by experimental results to be highly secure and resistant to a variety of attacks. Additionally, compared to several conventional picture encryption techniques, it offers higher performance. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE)calculations are used to provide security evaluations. PSNR is infinite and MSE is 0 for a secret image. PSNR and MSE for the cover image are 65 and 0.02 dB respectively. The results of this research reveal a high level of similarities between stego and cover images, and between recovered and secret images, as seen in the histogram analysis of secret images. These techniques are accomplished effectively by using the MATLAB program.

A Steganography Based on Optimal Multi-Threshold Block Labeling

Hiding secret data in digital images is one of the major research fields in information security. Recently, reversible data hiding in encrypted images has attracted extensive attention due to the emergence of cloud services. This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding method in encrypted images based on an optimal multi-threshold block labeling technique (OMTBL-RDHEI). In our scheme, the content owner encrypts the cover image with block permutation, pixel permutation, and stream cipher, which preserve the in-block correlation of pixel values. After uploading to the cloud service, the data hider applies the prediction error rearrangement (PER), the optimal threshold selection (OTS), and the multi-threshold labeling (MTL) methods to obtain a compressed version of the encrypted image and embed secret data into the vacated room. The receiver can extract the secret, restore the cover image, or do both according to his/her granted authority. The proposed MTL labels blocks of the encrypted image with a list of threshold values which is optimized with OTS based on the features of the current image. Experimental results show that labeling image blocks with the optimized threshold list can efficiently enlarge the amount of vacated room and thus improve the embedding capacity of an encrypted cover image. Security level of the proposed scheme is analyzed and the embedding capacity is compared with state-of-the-art schemes. Both are concluded with satisfactory performance.

An Efficient and Secure Method of Plaintext-Based Image Encryption Using Fibonacci and Tribonacci Transformations

In this article, we have proposed an efficient and secure method of image encryption. This image encryption method is new, where the plain image is confused using Fibonacci Transformation, and Tribonacci Transformation modifies the pixel values. The Fibonacci numbers and Tribonacci numbers of the above transformations are determined using the hash value of the plain image. To our knowledge, this is the first time a Tribonacci Transformation has been used in image encryption. The performance of the present method is evaluated using some standard test images and some special images. The present method has high key space and is sensitive to the plain image. The proposed method is also robust against attacks like brute force attacks, statistical attacks, differential attacks, noise attacks, cropping attacks, and known/chosen-plaintext attacks. The performance of the proposed method is equally efficient as the state-of-the-art methods, which establishes the applicability of the present method.

Advances in Optical Image Compression and Encryption Methods

Advances in Optical Image Compression and Encryption Methods

An Efficient Color-Image Encryption Method Using DNA Sequence and Chaos Cipher

Nowadays, high-resolution images pose several challenges in the context of image encryption. The encryption of huge images’ file sizes requires high computational resources. Traditional encryption techniques like, Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are not only inefficient, but also less secure. Due to characteristics of chaos theory, such as periodicity, sensitivity to initial conditions and control parameters, and unpredictability. Hence, the characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), such as vast parallelism and large storage capacity, make it a promising field. This paper presents an efficient color image encryption method utilizing DNA encoding with two types of hyper-chaotic maps. The proposed encryption method comprises three steps. The first step initializes the conditions for generating Lorenz and Rossler hyper-chaotic maps using a plain image Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256/384). The second step performs a confusion procedure by scrambling the three components of the image (red, green, and blue) using Lorenz hyper-chaotic sequences. Finally, the third step combines three approaches to encrypt the scrambled components for diffusion: DNA encoding/decoding, addition operation between components, and XORing with Rossler hyper-chaotic sequences. The simulation results indicate that the suggested encryption algorithm satisfies the requirements of security. The entropy value of confusion and diffusion is 7.997, the key space is 2²⁰⁰, and the correlation coefficient is nearly zero. The efficacy of the proposed method has been verified through numerous evaluations, and the results show its resistance and effectiveness against several attacks, like statistical and brute-force attacks. Finally, the devised algorithm vanquishes other relevant color image encryption algorithms.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS APPLİCATIONS OF SOME IMAGE ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES

Data security is now the most vital and most important issue of governments, companies and individuals in the technology age we live in. Among the data types, images have a special importance because of the important information they contain. Transferring or storing images requires extra security measures. In this study, the performances of the image encryption methods were compared with each other by applying them to the most popular and most used images in the image processing area. Four different experiments were carried out. Performance of the seven particular encryption methods compared to each other and the obsevations and measurements was presented.

A Henon-like chaotic map and its application in image encryption combined with compressed sensing

A new method of color image encryption is proposed in this paper, with the combination of a two-dimensional (2D) Henon-like chaotic map and compressed sensing for better performance. A sinusoidal function is introduced into the 2D Henon map for increasing randomness. Image encryption algorithm includes three procedures: compression of a color image through the Bernoulli observation matrix, encryption of the compressed image by 2D-Henon map with sinusoidal factor, and reconstruction of color image based on compressed sensing algorithm of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). Numerical simulation shows that the proposed encryption algorithm has some advantages including being hardware-friendly, sufficient keyspace, and higher security.

Dynamic analysis of fractional-order six-order discrete chaotic mapping and its application in information security

In this paper, we first generalize the six-order discrete chaotic mapping (SODCM) into fractional one. Then, we observe the chaotic behavior of fractional SODCM and analyze its maximum Lyapunov exponent, trajectory and bifurcation diagram. Next, the new digit image encryption method using fractional SODCM is developed for information security. Additionally, we verify the image encryption effect in several aspects, such as key space, statistics attack analysis, differential attack analysis, known-plaintext attack analysis and chosen-plaintext attack analysis, randomness test and aspect of hardware realization. Finally, it is shown that the performance of the proposed algorithm in this paper is better than several existing algorithms in almost all fields after comparison as a conclusion.

The Review of Quantum Cryptographic Techniques for Image

As in last few years, quantum cryptography appears to overcome the current challenges of time and quality of the encryption systems and offer new fields of cryptography. This paper briefly introduces the quantum cryptography from the basic ideas, theoretic foundation, as well as analyses some innovative papers where used quantum theory in the field of cryptography especially for image encryption. Formerly, current work illustrates the accomplishments of quantum cryptography in image encryption methods and its upcoming progress schemes. Conclusively, its motivation to make a general view that represents a new trend in cryptography scheme can be developed on the benefits of the quantum cryptography.

EFR-CSTP: Encryption for face recognition based on the chaos and semi-tensor product theory

Face recognition is a relatively common method humans use to confirm their identity. Protecting the safe transmission of face images has become a hot issue. This paper proposes an encryption method for face images, EFR-CSTP. The EFR-CSTP is very efficient because it only encrypts the facial in the face image. Firstly, the secret keys are generated by Hash. They are the parameters and the initial values of the two-dimensional logistic tent modular map (2D-LTMM), the chaotic sequence required for encryption by 2D-LTMM. Secondly, facial information is recognized by the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). Note that the entire algorithm only encrypts this facial image. Finally, the facial image is used as the input of the EFR-CSTP, and the ciphertext image is generated by scrambling, STP combined with the XOR diffusion method. We evaluated our algorithm in the IMDB-WIKI dataset. We also evaluate the EFR-CSTP and other algorithms on the same datasets. The evaluation results show that the EFR-CSTP has excellent performance and efficiency.

Method of encrypting images based on two multidimensional chaotic systems using fuzzy logic

The subject of the study: it is proposed to develop a method of image encryption with pixel permutation implemented using fuzzy logic and Hainaut mapping, as well as diffusion, which is implemented using the Lorenz system. Study objectives: To propose an effective way to apply the rules of fuzzy logic in relation to the values generated by the Henon mapping to implement the permutation of pixels in the image, which will provide a random permutation and increase the efficiency of the encryption method. Also, to achieve better security in the process of image encryption, the use of the diffusion process implemented using the Lorenz system. In addition, to increase the sensitivity of the encryption method to change the initial value of the component colors of the pixels will also be used in the encryption process. Investigation methods and research results: developed and presented a method of image encryption with pixel permutation implemented using fuzzy logic and Henon mapping, as well as diffusion, implemented using the Lorenz system. The initial values for the Henon mapping and the Lorenz system will be determined from the entered keyword, and the control parameters are set by the operator, while the values of the component colors of the pixels will also participate in the encryption process. In addition, before the process of rearranging the pixels in the image, the rules of fuzzy logic are implemented by Henon mapping. Also, the values of the component pixels before and after the diffusion procedure will be reduced to a single interval. Thus, as a result of image encryption, the original image changes completely, loses its content and shape, and the color intensity distribution of pixels becomes uniform. The program implementation of the proposed encryption method was also carried out and the qualitative characteristics of the proposed image encryption method were evaluated, namely: analysis of histograms of original and encrypted images, correlation of adjacent image pixels, root mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), entropy before changing the color components of the pixels. Conclusions: the implementation of the method has shown that it has a large number of encryption keys, which makes brute force (the process of their selection) resource-intensive and complex, and the implementation of the encryption process in two stages and using two different chaotic systems significantly improves the security of the encrypted image. The resulting cryptosystem is also resistant to the following attacks: approximation of chaotic orbits, correlation, analytical and statistical attacks.

High-efficiency medical image encryption method based on 2D Logistic-Gaussian hyperchaotic map

This paper designs a new medical image encryption scheme based on a new hyperchaotic map, which exhibits excellent security and high efficiency that can be applied to medical images of distinctive presentation formats. Firstly a two-dimensional Logistic-Gaussian hyperchaotic map (2D-LGHM) with a wide range of hyperchaos is constructed, and performance test metrics reveal that it has better ergodicity and unpredictability. Based on 2D-LGHM, a new medical image encryption scheme with permutation and multi-directional pixels substitution processes are established. The chaotic sequence is efficiently used to break the correlation between adjacent pixels and change the global pixel value absolutely. By means of the test of diverse medical images, the results display that the scheme has high robustness and effectiveness that can defense against different security attacks and data loss.