Methane Output Research Articles

A calibration capture–recapture model for inferring natural gas leak population characteristics using data from Google Street View cars

AbstractWhile new mobile monitoring technology has revolutionized our ability to measure pollutant levels over large regions, statistical methods for making inferences from data collected by these mobile systems are still being developed. We introduce a new capture–recapture model to answer key inferential questions from data collected by mobile monitoring systems. We apply our new method to characterize populations of natural gas (NG) leaks in urban areas using data collected by atmospheric methane analyzers placed on Google Street View cars. Leaks in urban NG distribution systems correspond to an economic loss, are a potential safety hazard, and are climate altering because NG is primarily composed of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The new calibration capture–recapture (CCR) model combines data from controlled methane release experiments and data collected from mobile air monitors to enable inference for several NG leak population characteristics, including the number of undetected leaks and the total methane output rate in a surveyed region. Our methodology is a novel application of capture–recapture modeling. The CCR model addresses challenges associated with using a capture–recapture model to analyze data collected by a mobile monitoring system such as a variable sampling effort. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for parameter estimation and apply the CCR model to data collected in two U.S. cities. The CCR model provides a new framework for inferring the total number of leaks in NG distribution systems and offers critical insights for informing intelligent infrastructure repair policy that is both cost effective and environmentally friendly.

Permeability enhancement of deep hole pre-splitting blasting in the low permeability coal seam of the Nanting coal mine.

To solve the hidden danger of high methane and low permeability gas in the coal mining process, potentially affecting the safety production in an orderly way, we propose the use of deep hole blasting technology to improve the permeability of the coal seam gas drainage, increase the quantity and rate of extraction, and reduce methane output. Taking the geological conditions of the 201 working surface of Tingnan Coal Mine as an example, it is calculated that the single drilled fracture crack extension range is 3.11~5.24 m according to the coal seam deep-hole pre-splitting blasting joint mechanism and fracture propagation mechanics model, providing a theoretical basis for choosing the appropriate hole spacing. Using COMSOL simulation software to simulate the effective gas drainage radius of a coal seam from a two-dimensional perspective on a single borehole radial, the least squares fitting method was used to analyze the simulated data, and obtained the effective drilling extraction radius after pre-split blasting in a deep hole that is 3.6 m, which is in accordance with the theoretical calculations. In order to obtain accurate and scientific calculations, Fast lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC3D) numerical simulation software was used. After simulating the distribution of plastic zone between two blast holes at different intervals from a three-dimensional angle, and evaluating the development of cracks in the blasting hole, the white zone of the blasting space was completely eliminated when the interval between blasting holes was 7 m, and the cracks could be propagated throughout the surroundings. Therefore, a blasting hole spacing of 7 m is optimal. On-site monitoring in the Nanting coal mine showed that the quantity and rate of extraction of the single hole after pre-splitting blasting were 2.36 times and 1.62 times as much as before. By integrating the borehole drainage amount and the optimized calculation equation, it could be concluded that the permeability coefficient of the coal seam after blasting was 7.78 times as much as before. The function of time-variated drilling methane emission was obtained using multivariate statistical regressions based on the on-site monitored borehole methane emission (qt), and the drilling limit after pre-splitting blasting revealed that the limitation of methane extraction volume was 5.27 times as much as before.

Enteric methane output from selected herds of beef cattle raised under extensive arid rangelands

Extensively raised beef cattle contribute to the highest levels of enteric methane (CH4) gas emissions among all livestock. Expensive techniques and logistics hinder monitoring of such gas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use an inexpensive laser methane detector (LMD) apparatus to determine the enteric CH4 levels from a herd of beef cows raised on semi-arid rangelands. A total of 24 cows were selected from Boran and Nguni cows (n = 12 per breed) from two different farms. The parities of the cows were as follows: parity 1 (n = 6), parity 2 (n = 6), parity 3 (n = 6) and parity 4 (n = 6). An observer used a hand-held LMD to measure enteric CH4 emissions plumes during the late afternoon hours when the animals were resting (either standing or lying down). Point measurements (expressed in ppm/m) were taken for six consecutive days and repeated once after every three months. The ratio of CH4 output per kilogramme DMI was not different in within-breed and between-breed in both seasons. Generally, the dry season recorded the highest CH4 output per kilogramme of live weight of cow. For example, Boran cows in parity 2 produced the highest output of 1.0 ± 0.04 g CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow while Nguni cows in parities 1, 2 and 4 each produced 0.9 ± 0.04 g CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow in the dry season. All the animals maintained optimal body condition scores in both seasons (ranging between the lowest of 3.2 ± 0.01 and the highest of 3.4 ± 0.01). Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that cows from both herds produced higher CH4 per kilogramme live weight of cow in the dry season while maintaining optimal body condition scores in both seasons.

Using a portable laser methane detector in goats to assess diurnal, diet- and position-dependent variations in enteric methane emissions

The Laser Methane Detector (LMD) technique has proven to be reliable for estimating enteric methane (CH4) output in ruminants. The number of peer-reviewed publications related to LMD measurements in ruminants is still small. Studies are largely limited to measurements of animals in controlled research environment and respiration chambers, while measurements on animals outside respiration chambers are rare. Most studies focused on cattle or sheep, but the LMD has not yet been applied to goats. Finally, no systematic measurement protocol is available for different livestock species. Thus, the experimental setup of studies varies considerably, making a comparison of results difficult, although previous papers have provided guidance. In the present study, the LMD technique was applied in two experiments with goats to evaluate the effect of; the position of goats, the time after feeding, CH4 peaks and troughs, the recording interval and the proportion of concentrate feed and hay in the diet on enteric CH4 emission. Measurements were taken on four (Experiment 1) and 12 (Experiment 2) 1-year old female Boer goats. The position affected the mean enteric CH4 emission, with higher values for lying than for standing goats. However, results across goats differ. In contrast, a day effect was observed that was consistent across positions and goats, with highest CH4 emissions obtained for day 3 (Experiment 1). As could be expected, the time after feeding strongly influenced the CH4 concentrations that were highest directly after morning feeding. CH4 concentrations gradually decreased with increasing time after feeding and were lowest early in the morning. No diet effect (quality and quantity) was observed (Experiment 2). This indicates a high individual variation of enteric CH4 emissions that could be exploited to select and breed animals with lower CH4 output. For subsequent experiments utilizing the LMD technique, it is recommended to use a 0.1-s interval for recording point measurements of CH4 concentrations, and for analysis to consider peaks only. A reduction of the recording interval to 1 s and 4 s only using CH4 peaks led to high deviances from the reference (0.1-s records, CH4 peaks and troughs), whereas the 0.1-s recording interval cleaned from CH4 troughs and using only CH4 peaks showed good accordance with the reference. Ongoing studies will verify the present results in view of developing a standardized protocol for measuring CH4 output in the major ruminant livestock species.

Advanced Heterogeneous Fenton Treatment of Coalbed Methane-Produced Water Containing Fracturing Fluid

This study investigated the heterogeneous Fenton treatment to process coalbed methane-produced water containing fracturing fluid and chose the development region of coalbed methane in the Southern Qinshui Basin as a research area. We synthesized the catalyst of Fe-Co/γ-Al2O3 by homogeneous precipitation method and characterized it by BET, XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. Based on the degradation rate, we studied the influences of the heterogeneous Fenton method on the coalbed methane output water treatment process parameters, including initial pH, H2O2 concentration, and the catalyst concentration. We also investigated the impacts of overall reaction kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation on coalbed methane-produced water containing fracturing fluid. Results showed that Fe-Co/γ-Al2O3 as a Fenton catalyst has a good catalytic oxidation effect and can effectively process coalbed methane-produced water. This reaction also followed first-order kinetics. The optimal conditions were as follows: the initial pH of 3.5, a H2O2 concentration of 40 mol L−1, a catalyst concentration of 4 g/L, and an apparent reaction rate constant of 0.0172 min−1. Our results provided a basis to establish methods for treating coalbed methane-produced water.

Comparative Analysis of the Microbiota Between Sheep Rumen and Rabbit Cecum Provides New Insight Into Their Differential Methane Production.

The rumen and the hindgut represent two different fermentation organs in herbivorous mammals, with the former producing much more methane than the latter. The objective of this study was to elucidate the microbial underpinning of such differential methane outputs between these two digestive organs. Methane production was measured from 5 adult sheep and 15 adult rabbits, both of which were placed in open-circuit respiratory chambers and fed the same diet (alfalfa hay). The sheep produced more methane than the rabbits per unit of metabolic body weight, digestible neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. pH in the sheep rumen was more than 1 unit higher than that in the rabbit cecum. The acetate to propionate ratio in the rabbit cecum was more than threefold greater than that in the sheep rumen. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries revealed distinct microbiota between the rumen of sheep and the cecum of rabbits. Hydrogen-producing fibrolytic bacteria, especially Butyrivibrio, Succiniclastium, Mogibacterium, Prevotella, and Christensenellaceae, were more predominant in the sheep rumen, whereas non-hydrogen producing fibrolytic bacteria, such as Bacteroides, were more predominant in the rabbit cecum. The rabbit cecum had a greater predominance of acetogens, such as those in the genus Blautia, order Clostridiales, and family Ruminococcaceae. The differences in the occurrence of hydrogen-metabolizing bacteria probably explain much of the differential methane outputs from the rumen and the cecum. Future research using metatranscriptomics and metabolomics shall help confirm this premise and understand the factors that shape the differential microbiota between the two digestive organs. Furthermore, our present study strongly suggests the presence of new fibrolytic bacteria in the rabbit cecum, which may explain the stronger fibrolytic activities therein.

Antagonistic effects on biogas and methane output when co-digesting cattle and pig slurries with grass silage in in vitro batch anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic co-digestion of contrasting substrates can result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on methanogenesis. Biogas and methane yields of the mixtures of cattle slurry (CS1 and CS2) or pig slurry with grass silages (GS1 and GS2) were measured using in vitro anaerobic batch digesters, and synergistic and antagonistic effects were investigated. Slurries and silages were incubated as individual substrates or as part of binary mixtures (slurry:silage mass ratios of volatile solids (VS) of 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 0:1). The biogas yields of CS1, CS2, pig slurry, GS1 and GS2 were 405.9, 380.4, 550.8, 673.7 and 610.6 L kg−1 of VS, respectively while the corresponding methane yields were 269.1, 246.4, 380.1, 427.7 and 359.0 L kg−1 of VS. The sequential replacement of either cattle slurry by either grass silage caused a progressive increase in biogas and methane yields, but there was not as clear-cut increase when pig slurry was replaced by grass silages. The methane yield for slurry and silage mixtures displayed non-linear blending and the maximum effect, which was always antagonistic, was at a 0.5:0.5 mass ratio of VS, and ranged from 5.7-7.6 % below the yields predicted from mono-digestion of individual substrates.

A Simplificative Approach‐based Modeling of SOFC Power Systems Fed by Natural Gas

AbstractThe fuel cell system is modeled to investigate output factors including voltage, power, and system efficiency for various input elements including different fuel composition, the air and fuel temperature and their utilization ratios. The purpose of this study is to examine the proficiency of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) by simplification in modeling calculation which results in the minimum required data. An electrochemical model is defined at first, and different current losses types were calculated in the next step. In further papers the amount of air and fuel is known and in some of them operating temperature must be known. But in this study it is enough to know the current density and required generated power of the SOFC. Since the amount of reacted methane is almost equal to input value, after performing this calculation for several fuel cells and validating it, the most optimal value for methane output is evaluated and output parameters of SOFC are calculated, then results are validated. The effect of main factors, including system temperature, pressure, current density, air and fuel flow rates and air to fuel ratio on the SOFC efficiency, were studied. Modeling method of current study provides optimum air and fuel flow rate.

Forecasts of methane concentration at the outlet of the longwall with caving area - case study

This paper presents the characteristics of methane hazard and prevention undertaken in the N-6 longwall of seam 330/2 in “Krupiński" coal mine. On the basis of methane concentration measurements conducted with the use of telemetric system, time series of the average and maximum methane concentration at the outlet of the longwall area were generated. It was ascertained that they exhibit a strong autocorrelation. Based on a series of the average methane concentration, a time series of ventilation methane content was created and a total methane content was calculated with the use of methane flow rate measurements in the demethanization system. It was ascertained that dependence between methane concentration and output on the examined day and on the previous day is weak and also that the dependence between methane concentration and air flow rate is very weak. Dependencies between ventilation methane content, total methane content and demethanization efficiency were also investigated. Based on forecasting models [1] developed earlier by H. Badura, forecasts have been made to predict the average and maximum methane concentrations. The measured values f methane concentration show a high level of accordance with forecasted ones.

Upgrading grass biomass during ensiling with contrasting fibrolytic enzyme additives for enhanced methane production

The aims were to quantify the effects of applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling on conservation characteristics and specific methane (CH4) yields (SMY) per unit mass, and per unit land area. At two stages of primary growth, four replicate plots of two species (perennial ryegrass and timothy) were subjected to nine treatments, an untreated control and four fibrolytic enzymes (ENZ 1–4) applied at two enzyme dosage rates (low and high) prior to ensiling. Silage SMYs were subsequently determined in an in vitro batch anaerobic digestion test. Generally, applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling reduced total fibre compared to control silages, which consequently enhanced mass-SMY and area-SMY. However, the impact on fibre, mass-SMY and area-SMY differed depending on both grass species and growth stage at harvest, with no single enzyme being consistently superior. Thus the potential of enhanced methane output with added enzymes at ensiling is both fibrolytic enzyme and grass substrate specific.

Increased methane production in cyanobacteria and methanogenic microbe co-cultures

A novel light-to-bioenergy system produced 3.5 times the baseline methane output using a co-culture of cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.) and a methanogenic microbial community. Analysis of micronutrients in the system during the growth phase indicated that cobalt, iron, nickel and zinc were not appreciably consumed. The stable consumption and return of macronutrients calcium and magnesium were also observed. Essential macronutrients nitrogen, in the form of nitrate, and phosphorus showed no cycling during the growth phase and were depleted at rates of 0.35mg/L/day and 0.40µg/L/day, respectively. Biofilm formation increased the resilience of biomass to bacterial degradation in an anaerobic digester, as shown by viability assays of cyanobacterial biofilms in the co-culture.

Reconstruction of different scales of pore-fractures network of coal reservoir and its permeability prediction with Monte Carlo method

There are millimeter, micron and nanometer scales of pores and fractures in coal to describe different scales of coal pores and fissures communicating path and to quantitatively characterize their permeability. Such information provides an important basis for studying coalbed methane output mechanism. The pores and fissures in a large number of coal samples were observed and counted by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The probability distribution models of pore-fissure network were then established. Different scales of pore-fissures 2D network models were reconstructed by Monte Carlo method. The 2D seepage models were obtained through assignment zero method and using Matlab software. The effect of permeability on different scale pore-fractures network was obtained by two-dimensional seepage equation. Predicted permeability is compared with the measured ones. The results showed that the dominant order of different scale pore-fractures connected path from high to low is millimeter-sized fractures, seepage pores and micron-size fractures. The contribution of coal reservoir permeability from large to small is millimeter-size fractures, micron-size fractures and seepage pores. Different parameters in different scale pore-fractures are of different influence permeability. Reconstruction of different scale pore-fractures network can clearly display the connectivity of pore-fractures, which can provide a basis for selecting migration path and studying gas flow pattern.

Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane

Continued warming of the Arctic Ocean in coming decades is projected to trigger the release of teragrams (1 Tg = 106 tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes. On the shallow shelves (<100 m water depth), methane released from the seafloor may reach the atmosphere and potentially amplify global warming. On the other hand, biological uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) has the potential to offset the positive warming potential of emitted methane, a process that has not received detailed consideration for these settings. Continuous sea-air gas flux data collected over a shallow ebullitive methane seep field on the Svalbard margin reveal atmospheric CO2 uptake rates (-33,300 ± 7,900 μmol m-2⋅d-1) twice that of surrounding waters and ∼1,900 times greater than the diffusive sea-air methane efflux (17.3 ± 4.8 μmol m-2⋅d-1). The negative radiative forcing expected from this CO2 uptake is up to 231 times greater than the positive radiative forcing from the methane emissions. Surface water characteristics (e.g., high dissolved oxygen, high pH, and enrichment of 13C in CO2) indicate that upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water from near the seafloor accompanies methane emissions and stimulates CO2 consumption by photosynthesizing phytoplankton. These findings challenge the widely held perception that areas characterized by shallow-water methane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea-air methane flux always increase the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden.

Factors controlling headspace pressure in a manual manometric BMP method can be used to produce a methane output comparable to AMPTS

The manual manometric biochemical methane potential (mBMP) test uses the increase in pressure to calculate the gas produced. This gas production may be affected by the headspace volume in the incubation bottle and by the overhead pressure measurement and release (OHPMR) frequency. The biogas and methane yields of cellulose, barley, silage and slurry were compared with three incubation bottle headspace volumes (50, 90 and 180ml; constant 70ml total medium) and four OHPMR frequencies (daily, each third day, weekly and solely at the end of experiment). The methane yields of barley, silage and slurry were compared with those from an automated volumetric method (AMPTS). Headspace volume and OHPMR frequency effects on biogas yield were mediated mainly through headspace pressure, with the latter having a negative effect on the biogas yield measured and relatively little effect on methane yield. Two mBMP treatments produced methane yields equivalent to AMPTS.

DuPont Industrial Biosciences awarded grant for biogas enzyme production

The aims were to quantify the effects of applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling on conservation characteristics and specific methane (CH4) yields (SMY) per unit mass, and per unit land area. At two stages of primary growth, four replicate plots of two species (perennial ryegrass and timothy) were subjected to nine treatments, an untreated control and four fibrolytic enzymes (ENZ 1–4) applied at two enzyme dosage rates (low and high) prior to ensiling. Silage SMYs were subsequently determined in an in vitro batch anaerobic digestion test. Generally, applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling reduced total fibre compared to control silages, which consequently enhanced mass-SMY and area-SMY. However, the impact on fibre, mass-SMY and area-SMY differed depending on both grass species and growth stage at harvest, with no single enzyme being consistently superior. Thus the potential of enhanced methane output with added enzymes at ensiling is both fibrolytic enzyme and grass substrate specific.

Simulation of dynamic changes of methane state based on NMR during coalbed methane output

With anthracite coal of the Qinshui basin as the study object, the effect of water and the displacement pressure on the state of coalbed methane (CBM) during production was studied by combining core flooding with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The adsorption of methane is from larger pores to smaller pores in the adsorption pores. Adsorption and desorption of a dried coal sample follows a logarithmic behavior with time. The process of adsorption is divided into three stages. The adsorption rate increases rapidly in the first stage. The adsorption rate in the initial stage does not correlate to pressure. Meanwhile, the water in the coal reservoir not only hinders the migration of CBM but also reduces the rate of adsorption and desorption. Furthermore, the reversibility of adsorption and desorption is affected. The bottom hole pressure difference plays a dual role during the production of CBM. It can promote the migration of CBM, while hinder its desorption. The control of the bottom hole pressure difference and displacement pressure is very important during CBM continuous output and enhanced CBM recovery. The reasonable range is influenced by the critical desorption pressure, type of reservoir porosity and permeability.

Partitioning of energy and nitrogen in lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein–Friesian cows with divergent residual feed intake

Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between an animal’s actual and expected feed intake. Two experiments were conducted comparing energy and nitrogen partitioning in mid-lactation, in Holstein–Friesian cows selected for high or low RFI measured previously as growing calves. Each experiment used 16 cows (8 high-RFI and 8 low-RFI); the first used primiparous (PP) cows and the second used multiparous (MP) cows. Cows were housed individually for 4 days in metabolism stalls, then open-circuit respiration chambers for 3 days. Each cow was offered ad libitum lucerne hay cubes plus 6 kg DM per day of crushed wheat grain. Individual feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and faecal and urine output were measured. Methane and carbon dioxide output and oxygen consumption were measured in the chambers. In MP cows, a greater proportion of energy intake was partitioned to milk and less to heat in low-RFI than high-RFI cows. The proportion of gross-energy intake per kilogram metabolic bodyweight partitioned to milk production was greater and the proportion partitioned to methane and heat production was lower in MP than in PP cows. Energy from tissue mobilisation was not affected by RFI or parity. The amount of nitrogen consumed from feed was greater in MP than PP cows. As a percentage of N intake, N partitioned to milk was greater in PP than in MP cows, but there were no overall effects of RFI on N partitioning. However, there was a trend towards a positive association between N excreted in the urine and RFI, which could have environmental implications. Both RFI and parity were associated with variation in energy and nitrogen partitioning and should be examined in a larger subset of animals in future.

DuPont Industrial Biosciences and MIAVIT announce supply agreement for biogas enzymes

The aims were to quantify the effects of applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling on conservation characteristics and specific methane (CH4) yields (SMY) per unit mass, and per unit land area. At two stages of primary growth, four replicate plots of two species (perennial ryegrass and timothy) were subjected to nine treatments, an untreated control and four fibrolytic enzymes (ENZ 1–4) applied at two enzyme dosage rates (low and high) prior to ensiling. Silage SMYs were subsequently determined in an in vitro batch anaerobic digestion test. Generally, applying fibrolytic enzymes at ensiling reduced total fibre compared to control silages, which consequently enhanced mass-SMY and area-SMY. However, the impact on fibre, mass-SMY and area-SMY differed depending on both grass species and growth stage at harvest, with no single enzyme being consistently superior. Thus the potential of enhanced methane output with added enzymes at ensiling is both fibrolytic enzyme and grass substrate specific.

Use of surplus wind electricity in Ireland to produce compressed renewable gaseous transport fuel through biological power to gas systems

Power to gas (P2G) may be used to store curtailed electricity whilst converting the energy vector to gas. To be economically viable these systems require cheap electricity and a cheap concentrated source of CO2. Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion typically comprises of 60% methane and 40% CO2. The P2G system substitutes for the conventional upgrading system by using hydrogen (derived from surplus wind electricity) to react with CO2 and increases the methane output. The potential CO2 production from biogas in Ireland associated with typical wet substrates is assessed as more than 4 times greater than that required by the potential level of H2 from curtailed electricity. Wind energy curtailment in 2020 in Ireland is assessed conservatively at 2175GWeh/a. Thus P2G is limited by levels of curtailment of electricity rather than biogas systems. It is shown that 1 GWeh of electricity used to produce H2 for upgrading biogas in a P2G system can affect a savings of 97 tonnes CO2. The cost of hydrogen is assessed at €0.96/m3 renewable methane when the price of electricity is €c5/kWeh. This leads to a cost of compressed renewable gas from grass of €1.8/m3. This drops to €1.1/m3 when electricity is purchased at €c0.2/kWeh.

Fuzzy Logic Algorithms Based Measurement and Control System for Intermixed Biogas and Photovoltaic Systems

Renewable energies in the form of biogas and photovoltaic systems are now widely adopted as baseline or complimentary energies for many rural households and farms. Often these energy systems stand alone or exist alone, and they are lack of monitoring and are independently operated. It is necessary to develop a measurement and control system for integrating these energies into an intermixed biogas and photovoltaic system, which can achieve safe and optimal usage of the energy. In this paper, a fuzzy logic algorithm based measurement and control system is developed for the intermixed biogas and photovoltaic system. The overall objective of this system is to evolve an approach to optimize the output capabilities of intermixed biogas and photovoltaic systems. To achieve this objective, the fuzzy logic algorithms are chosen and used for the measurement and control of the intermixed biogas and photovoltaic energies due to the complexity of the energy generation processes involved and the powerful intelligent ability solving nonlinear dynamics of fuzzy logic algorithms. Fuzzy logic algorithms are developed for each measurement and control unit. Based on MPLABX, which is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), some simulations have been done using C source codes, and the simulation results show the efficiency of using fuzzy logic algorithms to predict system failures, troubleshoot system faults, and control methane and photovoltaic electricity output levels.